平泉县生态功能区划与主体功能区划研究

探讨生态功能区划和主体功能区划的内涵及其相互关系,对主体功能区划的思路、指标、技术方法等进行探索性研究,并应用于县级区划实践。结论如下:1)生态功能区划与主体功能区划既相互区别又相互联系,前者以保护生态环境为主要功能,后者以调控和规范区域开发行为为主要功能,作用范围更广且作用力更强。2)建立主体功能区划的5个约束性指标,即生态系统弹性力、资源承载力、环境承载力、现有开发密度和未来社会经济发展潜力;提出"反规划"的区划方法和技术路线,即按照禁止开发、限制开发、优化开发和重点开发的顺序进行主体功能区划。3)首次对平泉县进行两区划的同步编制,将全县划分为2个一级生态功能区和7个二级生态功能区,在此基础上进行4类主体功能区划分,并提出相应的空间管制措施。     

塔里木河流域生态功能区划研究

生态功能区划为流域生态保护与修复提供重要的科学参考。而塔里木河流域由于缺少生态功能区划导致目前生态修复工程缺乏针对性,生态引水工程布局欠佳,以及生态修复和水资源管理的成效低下。为此,在对区域生态环境特征分析的基础上,将流域内不同区域的水文过程与生态结构、服务功能及生态环境敏感性相结合,依据生态功能区划原则、方法和指标体系,形成了塔里木河流域生态功能区划方案,即将该流域分为2个生态大区、4个生态区、28个生态亚区。研究成果不仅为流域实现水资源的优化配置和生态环境保护提供参考依据,也可为相似流域的生态功能区划研究提供示范和借鉴。     

基于小尺度的重庆璧山区生态功能区划研究

对小尺度的生态功能区划进行研究易于结合当地实际,提高区划成果在区域内的可操作性,能做到因地制宜的实施生态保护。针对小尺度生态功能区划研究较少的现状,以重庆璧山区为例,结合璧山自然环境要素特征和社会经济发展状况,根据生态功能区划原则,建立璧山生态功能区划的指标体系,最终提出区划方案。将璧山区划分为3个生态区和11个生态功能区,探讨了各区主要生态环境特征和问题,并提出保护对策,以期为璧山生态环境保护与建设规划提供依据,为小尺度生态功能区划提供参考。     

北部湾南流江流域生态功能区划?

流域尺度的生态功能区划能给流域生态环境保护提供更科学的理论依据。从北部湾南流江流域自身的地理特征出发,制定符合流域实情的区划原则,借助RS、GIS技术,采用定量和定性分析相结合的方法对流域进行生态功能区划。在空间上将南流江流域划分为6个一级生态功能区和18个二级生态功能区。6个一级生态功能区分别是：Ⅰ森林生态系统生态功能区、Ⅱ陆域水环境生态维护生态功能区、Ⅲ水土保持生态功能区、Ⅳ农林产品提供生态功能区、Ⅴ城镇发展生态功能区、Ⅵ滨海海域生态功能区。针对各个生态功能区存在的生态问题提出相应的生态系统管理措施。     

长江金沙江段生态屏障建设的功能区划——以昭通市为例

以昭通市为例,探讨生态屏障地区的功能区划方案。生态屏障地区是国家“十一五”规划提出的4大类功能区中的限制开发区或禁止开发区,其目标是实施以国家、区域或流域生态安全为保障的生态系统恢复和保护工程。运用功能区划的基本思想,以昭通市自然、生态与社会经济主要因子的评价为基础,借助G IS分析工具,以参评因子的空间态势为依据,划分生态保护和经济发展功能兼备的主体功能区,为在中小尺度的生态保护地区划分功能区提供了研究案例。     

地域主体功能区划理论与方法的初步研究

在对地域主体功能区划的理论依据与原则等进行深入分析的基础上,提出通过生态敏感性等级分区与经济社会发展综合潜力等级分区的空间叠置与地域聚类分析,进行地域主体功能区划的理论方法。并以江苏省新沂市为案例,进行地域主体功能区划实证研究,验证了所提出的地域主体功能区划理论方法的可行性。     

生态导向下的主体功能区划方法初探

全国＂十一五＂规划中明确提出在全国范围内开展主体功能区划工作,根据资源环境承载能力、现有开发密度和发展潜力,将国土空间划分为优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发四类主体功能区。目前,全国主体功能区划工作已经启动,一些省份也已开展前期研究和试划工作。然而,由于该项工作刚刚起步,各地都还处于摸索阶段,尚未形成一套完整可循的技术方法。本文从计量革命到生态人文化思潮的方法论思变以及＂开发＂与＂保护＂的内在逻辑出发,以生态功能分析为基本视角与切入点,探索性地提出了生态导向下的主体功能区划方法,并着重对生态导向下的主体功能区划的基本的流程、指标体系和判别方法进行了初步探讨。提出了以＂生态足迹＂、＂生态承载力＂、＂开发潜力＂为特征指标的主体功能区划指标体系,并以此为基础初步构建了主体功能区划层次判别系统。     

太湖流域水生态功能分区

水生态功能分区是进行流域现代水资源管理的必然要求,是面向水质目标管理污染控制单元划分的基础。在发生学原则、区内相似性原则以及共轭性原则等相关原则的指导下,采用因素分析法对太湖流域一级水生态功能区进行划分,通过对流域DEM和气候、土壤等相关分区指标的比较分析,认为地形是太湖流域一级水生态功能分区的主导指标,分区结果主要包括西部丘陵水生态区和东部平原水生态区,并对两个一级水生态功能区的特征进行了阐述;在此基础上,对太湖流域水生态功能分区体系即分区等级体系、方法体系和指标体系进行了探讨。     

乌鲁木齐景观生态功能区划及生态调控研究

乌鲁木齐作为中国西部发展较快的特大城市，城市生态环境问题日趋明显。对城市生态环境的研究，有利于充分认识城市发展与环境保护这对矛盾的生态学实质，在对乌鲁木齐城市生态环境调查的基础上，总结了乌鲁木齐城市生态环境的特征，根据综合整体、地域分异、景观异质、功能结构、城市发展、环境容载等景观生态学和城市生态学原则，划分了乌鲁木齐城市区域景观生态功能区，包括城市建设及中心区，城市生态平衡与开发区和城市生态保护及后备区，据此，对乌鲁木齐城市生态调控提出了初步建议，包括环境控制工程，生物控制工程、景观生态建设和生态管理调控。     

生态导向下的主体功能区划方法初探

全国“十一五”规划中明确提出在全国范围内开展主体功能区划工作,根据资源环境承载能力、现有开发密 度和发展潜力,将国土空间划分为优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发四类主体功能区。目前,全国主体功能 区划工作已经启动,一些省份也已开展前期研究和试划工作。然而,由于该项工作刚刚起步,各地都还处于摸索阶 段,尚未形成一套完整可循的技术方法。本文从计量革命到生态人文化思潮的方法论思变以及“开发”与“保护”的 内在逻辑出发,以生态功能分析为基本视角与切入点,探索性地提出了生态导向下的主体功能区划方法,并着重对 生态导向下的主体功能区划的基本的流程、指标体系和判别方法进行了初步探讨。提出了以“生态足迹”、“生态承 载力”、“开发潜力”为特征指标的主体功能区划指标体系,并以此为基础初步构建了主体功能区划层次判别系统。     

盐城开发空间区划及其思考

在国家“十一五”规划纲要中, 将国土空间划分为优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发四类主体功能区, 这是新时期传统区划理论和方法为国民经济和社会发展服务的一次重要创新。作者认为: 主体功能区划主要在于解决区域问题, 用科学发展观协调区域发展。 因此, 功能区区划的理论和方法也需要与时俱进的创新。文章通过盐城沿海开发空间区划实例进行功能区区划的理论和方法探索。首先, 综合经济区划。运用传统的综合经济区划理论与方法进行经济区划分, 大致确定不同经济区的经济发展布局方向; 其次, 控制开发区划。 综合考虑上述综合经济区的功能, 景观生态体系建设需要, 土地利用现状、辐射沙洲分布、近海海域污染、海港分布、水源保护地以及自然保护区和生态保护区等, 确定相关的禁止开 发区和限制开发区; 第三, 开发潜力区划。以乡镇为基本单元, 运用多因子分析方法, 按照资源环境承载力、现有开发密度强度、未来发展潜力3 个主因子进行开发潜力区划; 最后, 在上述三个区划的基础上, 进行主体功能区划。文章也认为: 主体功能区实质是一种区域发展政策区, 其区划也只是一种纯粹的区域划分, 是目前经济社会发展规划、土地利用规划和城市总体规划“三规”分立走向“三规”合一的空间平台。     

生态屏障约束下的综合功能区划研究——以云南省昭通市为例

Ecological shelter zones reconstruction is an ecosystem restoration and conservation project aimed to the ecological safety of nations, regions and basins. Reconstruction of ecological shelter zones of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River became one of the most important tasks of Western Development strategy. This article, taking Zhaotong as an example, studies the functional regionalization of ecological shelter zones. The study supplies a case for functional regionalization of small and medium regions whose main tasks are environment reservation. With the guidance of theories of functional regionalization, and based on the analysis of Zhaotong＇s natural, ecological and socioeconomic factors, the paper suggests five principles for factors selection. These principles include： （1） reversing order evaluation; （2） selecting main factors; （3） keeping the integrality of administrative regions of towns; and （4） making the products acceptable by local government. To analyze spatial status of selected factors, LUCC data in 2002, 1：50,000 relief maps and town-unit socioeconomic statistical data in 2004 are used. RS and GIS tools are also applied to melt traditional and modern geographical methods. This would be useful to functional regionalization research in mountainous areas. As a conclusion, the leading functional regions of ecological conservation or economic development are suggested, respectively. Zhaotong city is divided into two-level functional regions. The first-level includes three leading functional regions and they will lead developing direction of sub-regions. The second-level includes eight sub-regions, which are policy implemented regions, and will supply guidance to Zhaotong＇s ecological shelter zones reconstruction.     

Functional regionalization with the restriction of ecological shelter zones: A case of Zhaotong in Yunnan

Ecological shelter zones reconstruction is an ecosystem restoration and conserva-tion project aimed to the ecological safety of nations, regions and basins. Reconstruction of ecological shelter zones of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River became one of the most important tasks of Western Development strategy. This article, taking Zhaotong as an exam-ple, studies the functional regionalization of ecological shelter zones. The study supplies a case for functional regionalization of small and medium regions whose main tasks are envi-ronment reservation. With the guidance of theories of functional regionalization, and based on the analysis of Zhaotong’s natural, ecological and socioeconomic factors, the paper suggests five principles for factors selection. These principles include: (1) reversing order evaluation; (2) selecting main factors; (3) keeping the integrality of administrative regions of towns; and (4) making the products acceptable by local government. To analyze spatial status of selected factors, LUCC data in 2002, 1:50,000 relief maps and town-unit socioeconomic statistical data in 2004 are used. RS and GIS tools are also applied to melt traditional and modern geo-graphical methods. This would be useful to functional regionalization research in mountain-ous areas. As a conclusion, the leading functional regions of ecological conservation or economic development are suggested, respectively. Zhaotong city is divided into two-level functional regions. The first-level includes three leading functional regions and they will lead developing direction of sub-regions. The second-level includes eight sub-regions, which are policy implemented regions, and will supply guidance to Zhaotong’s ecological shelter zones reconstruction.     

太湖流域水生态功能三级分区

水生态功能分区是进行流域现代水生态管理的必然要求,是面向水质目标管理控制单元划分的基础。针对太湖流域特征,提出了太湖流域水生态功能三级分区的目的和划分原则,在其指导下构建了太湖流域非太湖湖体区和太湖湖体区水生态功能三级分区指标体系;在GIS技术支撑下,分别以太湖流域非太湖湖体区1100多个和太湖湖体区3500多个水生态功能单元为基本空间统计单位,结合分区指标数据,制作了基于水生态功能单元的各项指标的空间分布图,采用二阶聚类法并结合人工辅助的方法将太湖流域划分为21个水生态功能三级区;分区水生态特征分析结果表明全流域各分区水生生物特征均具有较大的变异性,反映出流域内水生态的空间差异和不均匀性,体现了分区结果的合理性、科学性和可靠性。     

宁夏农业综合开发战略转型区划研究

农业综合开发战略转型区划研究,是科学适应新形势下国家对农业综合开发提出的“坚持可持续、提升竞争力”要求的前提和基础。针对已有农业区划的单一目标和单一类型划分问题,以宁夏为例,基于农业相关的耕地、气候、水、地形、地貌、项目布局、生态规划等空间数据,采用地理学综合区划的方法,提出了动态与静态结合、定性与定量结合、农业与生态结合的13项多维指标体系,提出了合理且可操作的技术流程,科学划分了包含过渡类型的一级区划（7大类型：重点开发区、“重点+限制”开发区、保护性开发区、“保护+限制”开发区、“限制+重点”开发区、“限制+保护”开发区和限制性开发区）和二级区划（24个亚类）,实现了农业可持续和生态环境保护的双重目标。本文是国家财政部明确提出农业综合开发要科学划分重点开发区、保护性开发区和限制性开发区之后,首次实现在省（区）级以乡（镇）为单位的科学划分,可为今后农业综合开发战略转型项目的科学布局和精准投入提供重要依据,为宁夏农业综合开发战略转型工作的具体落地实施提供科学保障,同时也可为其他省份或地区的农业综合开发战略转型区划工作提供有益参考。     

Strategic transformation of regionalization for the agricultural comprehensive development: The example of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China

Strategic transformation of regionalization for agricultural comprehensive development (ACD) was presented by the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China (MOF) in 2014. The regionalization is the premise and basis of the sustainable development and improved competitiveness for agriculture. Based on the environmental resources related to agriculture, such as cropland, climate, water resources, terrain, geomorphology, patterns of the ACD projects, distribution of ecological planning, etc., we devised 13 indices using the geographic comprehensive regionalization method. The indices took into account a combination of dynamic and static, qualitative and quantitative, as well as agricultural and ecological factors. The strategic transformation of regionalization for the ACD in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China was performed; seven types were included: prioritized regions, prioritized and restricted regions, protected regions, protected and restricted regions, restricted and prioritized regions, restricted and protected regions, and restricted regions. A further 24 subtypes were used based on locations and ecological zones. The regionalization results showed that prioritized regions were mainly in northern Ningxia, the most suitable area for agriculture. The protected and restricted regions were in central and southern Ningxia. In the central part, drought was the limiting factor for agriculture, and water conservation projects there should be supported. The ecological environment is fragile in southern Ningxia, so there is a need for ecologically sound agriculture to be developed in this region. Such regionalization could achieve two goals, namely agricultural conservation and eco-environmental protection. It was performed following the requirement for scientific regionalization to include three types of regions (prioritized regions, protected regions, and restricted regions), and was applied at the township scale in a provincial or autonomous region for the first time. The results provide both guidance for the strategic transformation of the ACD in Ningxia, and a reference for similar work in other provinces.     

基于生态系统空间异质性的美丽中国生态建设分区

落实“山水林田湖草生命共同体”理念,提出美丽中国生态建设优化途径已成为当前亟待解决的关键科学问题和国家生态文明建设的重大需求。因地制宜地做好美丽中国建设的生态区划,提出生态建设分区方案,是实现美丽中国愿景的重要路径。目前,生态区划对于新时期系统性生态建设内涵,以及全球气候和人类活动变化双重背景对生态系统空间异质性影响的考虑不足。本文通过构建“景观美、服务美、安全美”的三位一体美丽中国生态建设分区的理论框架,综合考虑生态系统结构、格局、质量、服务、胁迫等因素的空间异质性,建立美丽中国生态建设分区三级指标体系,以及对生态现状本底和退化程度进行评估的生态建设综合指数和生态退化综合指数。以全国第三级流域为基本单元,基于指标现状特征及生态综合评估结果,通过空间聚类分析将全国划分为5个一级生态建设区和13类22个二级生态建设区,并在二级分区的基础上选择典型区划分出三级生态建设区。分区结果为美丽中国生态建设提供应用支撑。此外,未来生态建设分区的指标构建应当更加注重指标之间的关联性和生态系统功能的多样性,并进一步耦合气候变化和人类活动对生态系统的双重干扰。     

景观生态区划的理论研究

景观生态系统由多个层次水平的等级体系所组成， 在不同的时间和空间尺度中， 其结构与 功能具有不同的相互依存关系， 区划的概念有助于整合景观的等级性并厘清复杂性。本研究在景 观生态学格局、过程、功能研究的基础上， 结合综合自然地理区划、生态区划、生态经济区划、农业 区划等相关研究的成果，探讨了景观生态区划应依循的原则、内容及区划等级系统， 指出景观生 态区划不仅强调景观水平方向上的空间异质性， 还必须综合景观单元的过程关联和功能统一性。 同时以生态系统完整性原则为核心制定了开展景观生态区划需遵循的等级性、多尺度性、发生一 致性、格局与功能依存性、功能协调性以及界线完整性等原则。在其指导下， 重点讨论了景观生态 区划过程中涉及的方法论构建、景观生态分析与评价、景观生态区划体系构建等研究内容。最后， 通过比较了景观生态区划与自然区划、生态区划以及经济区划之间的异同，提出了不同尺度下景 观生态区划理论的应用方向。     

宁夏农业综合开发战略转型区划研究（英文）

Strategic transformation of regionalization for agricultural comprehensive development(ACD) was presented by the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China(MOF) in 2014. The regionalization is the premise and basis of the sustainable development and improved competitiveness for agriculture. Based on the environmental resources related to agriculture, such as cropland, climate, water resources, terrain, geomorphology, patterns of the ACD projects, distribution of ecological planning, etc., we devised 13 indices using the geographic comprehensive regionalization method. The indices took into account a combination of dynamic and static, qualitative and quantitative, as well as agricultural and ecological factors. The strategic transformation of regionalization for the ACD in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China was performed; seven types were included: prioritized regions, prioritized and restricted regions, protected regions, protected and restricted regions, restricted and prioritized regions, restricted and protected regions, and restricted regions. A further 24 subtypes were used based on locations and ecological zones. The regionalization results showed that prioritized regions were mainly in northern Ningxia, the most suitable area for agriculture. The protected and restricted regions were in central and southern Ningxia. In the central part, drought was the limiting factor for agriculture, and water conservation projects there should be supported. The ecological environment is fragile in southern Ningxia, so there is a need for ecologically sound agriculture to be developed in this region. Such regionaliza-tion could achieve two goals, namely agricultural conservation and eco-environmental protection. It was performed following the requirement for scientific regionalization to include three types of regions(prioritized regions, protected regions, and restricted regions), and was applied at the township scale in a provincial or autonomous region for the first time. The results provide both guidance for the strategic transformation of the ACD in Ningxia, and a reference for similar work in other provinces.