The new equine sector and its influence on multifunctional land use in peri-urban areas

The equine sector is increasingly influencing land use, especially in peri-urban areas where the demand for land is already high. The sector not only influences traditional farming and land use, but also social, legal and economic development, and thus demands new interpretations of rural and urban. However, there is currently a lack of information on the consequences of this sector at landscape, social and economic level. This study examines the influence of the equine sector on the development of multifunctional land use in peri-urban areas, using data and examples from Sweden. It also examines specific features of the associated growing area of research and the positioning of the issue within the broader context of land use and planning. The methods used were a case study of a municipality, together with interviews and analyses of statistical material at regional level in the context of multifunctional land use, planning and sustainable development. It was found that the structure of the equine sector varies at both national and local level due to local conditions, but that there are also common features that need to be further studied using a broad interdisciplinary starting point.     

Physical environment,decision-making and land use development in Metropolitan Lagos

In 1914, Lagos was chosen as the capital of Nigeria and from then onward, the demographic and physical expansion of the city has been so dramatic that by 1960, it has grown into a metropolis covering about 70 sq. km with well over 1 million inhabitants. The inhospitable physical environment, and the locational decision by the British colonial authorities to develop Lagos as Nigeria's capital are largely accountable for the rate and nature of land use development. The predominance of swamps imposes large scale land reclamations as a precondition for land use development, while the administrative, industrial, commercial and transport functions devolving on Lagos as the federal capital and primate city attract massive in-migration at a much faster rate than the pace of providing urban social services. The lagos Executive Development Board (LEDB) dominated land use development for many years. In spite of numerous constrainst, the Board succeeded in carrying out extensive swamp reclamations, residential and industrial estate development. The decision to transfer the capital to Abuja will certainly reflect on future land use development in Lagos. Above all, it is a clear evidence that urban planning alone has failed to tackle the problems meaningfully.With only 10% of the total urban land as against 60% for residential purposes, industrial activity in Metropolitan Lagos is of great social and economic significance both in terms of industrial jobs directly related to manufacturing and indirectly in terms of commercial, transport, banking and insurance opportunities created. The geometry of land use in Metropolitan Lagos is gradually changing under the influence of urban renewal and highway development radiating from the inner-city to the hinterland which have attracted new and centre-city industrial and residential estates are springing up.     

2005-2015年贵阳市生境退化程度对土地利用变化的响应

基于2005和2015年贵阳市土地利用数据,利用InVEST模型,分析了2005-2015年贵阳市生境退化程度对土地利用变化的响应,结果表明:（1）2005-2015年贵阳市城镇建设用地、农村居民点和有林地大幅增加,水田和旱地大幅下降,其他地类变化相对较小;水田和旱地转化为城镇建设用地、农村居民点和有林地最为突出;（2）10年间,贵阳市生境退化程度以下降为主,生境退化程度增加区主要分布在南部,下降区主要分布在北部、东部和西部;（3）生境退化程度热点变化以低值减少和高值减少为主;生境退化程度热点空间变化主要分布于南部。退耕还林政策及快速城镇化引起的水田和旱地转化为有林地、城镇建设用地和农村居民点是导致该区生境退化程度变化的主要因素。      

Recent development of land use in China

China has long been an agricultural country. Cultivated land is mainly used for growing staple foods. Before liberation (1949), land was scarcely planted for cash corps. Factors exerting influence on land use are: The traditional Chinese way of intensive land use, and population pressure as well as economic situation. The structure of recent developments of land use exhibits: altidutinal agricultural land use, intercropping of crops and trees, twotier and multi-tier land use.     

Effects of land use changes on soil erosion in a fast developing area

Land use changes extensively affect soil erosion, which is a great environmental concern. To evaluate the effect of land use change on soil erosion in fast economic developing areas, we studied land use changes of Guangdong, China, from 2002 to 2009 using remote sensing and estimated soil erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation. We calculated the areas and percentage of each land use type under different erosion intensity and analyzed soil erosion changes caused by transitions of land use types. In addition, the impact of land use change on soil erosion in different river catchments was studied. Our results show that forest and wasteland land conversions induce substantial soil erosion, while transition from wasteland to forest retards soil loss. This suggests that vegetation cover changes significantly influence soil erosion. Any conversion to wasteland causes soil erosion, whereas expansion of forests and orchards mitigates it. The most significant increase in soil erosion from 2002 to 2009 was found in the Beijiang catchment corresponding to the transition from forest/orchard to built-up and wasteland. Soil erosion in the Xijiang catchment accelerated in this period due to the enormous reduction in orchard land. In Hanjiang catchment, erosion was alleviated and vegetation coverage greatly expanded owing to considerable transitions from wasteland and cropland to orchards. Field investigations validated our estimations and proved the applicability of this method. Measures including protecting vegetation, strict control of mining as well as reasonable urban planning should be taken to prevent successive soil erosion.     

基于遥感夜间灯光数据的大连城市用地扩张的空间特征分析

为揭示大连城市用地扩张的空间分布特征,基于DSMP/OLS夜间灯光数据提取1998—2013年大连地域边界,并得到各地区的灯光阈值及地域边界分区统计面积。通过计算不同时期不同区域的城市用地增长景观格局指数,研究该市16年来的城市用地扩张方向、强度和空间景观格局变化,以揭示大连20年来城市用地扩张的空间分布特征。结果表明,城市用地扩张主要集中在沙河口区、中山区和西岗区,并以其为中心向甘井子区、旅顺口区、金州区等区域扩张。城市用地空间格局总体基本稳定,受地理条件、空间距离、经济发展和政策指引等因素的影响,城市用地扩张在不同方向上差异化显著。研究成果可作为大连城市规划的依据。     

上海经营性土地储备规划若干问题探讨

土地储备规划是土地利用总体规划的重要组成,是为城市建设发展服务和指导土地供应计划的重要实施性专项规划,将在引领城市发展、规范土地市场运作、提升土地调控能力等方面发挥重要作用。通过分析土地储备规划的定位,确定土地储备规划的范畴和目标,探索土地储备规划编制的基本方法;结合城市土地储备机构工作特点,构建土地储备规划管理的动态机制。     

Dynamics of land use/cover changes and the analysis of landscape fragmentation in Dhaka Metropolitan, Bangladesh

Rapid urban expansion due to large scale land use/cover change, particularly in developing countries becomes a matter of concern since urbanization drives environmental change at multiple scales. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has been experienced break-neck urban growth in the last few decades that resulted many adverse impacts on the environment. This paper was an attempt to document spatio-temporal pattern of land use/cover changes, and to quantify the landscape structures in Dhaka Metropolitan of Bangladesh. Using multi-temporal remotely sensed data with GIS, dynamics of land use/cover changes was evaluated and a transition matrix was computed to understand the rate and pattern of land use/cover change. Derived land use statistics subsequently integrated with landscape metrics to determine the impact of land use change on landscape fragmentation. Significant changes in land use/cover were noticed in Dhaka over the study period, 1975–2005. Rapid urbanization was manifested by a large reduction of agricultural land since urban built-up area increased from 5,500?ha in 1975 to 20,549?ha in 2005. At the same time, cultivated land decreased from 12,040 to 6,236?ha in the same period. Likewise, wetland and vegetation cover reduced to about 6,027 and 2,812?ha, respectively. Consequently, sharp changes in landscape pattern and composition were observed. The landscape became highly fragmented as a result of rapid increase in the built-up areas. The analysis revealed that mean patch size decreased while the number of patches increased. Landscape diversity declined, urban dominance amplified, and the overall landscape mosaics became more continuous, homogenous and clumped. In order to devise sustainable land use planning and to determine future landscape changes for sound resource management strategies, the present study is expected to have significant implications in rapidly urbanizing cities of the world in delivering baseline information about long term land use change and its impact on landscape structure.     

从土地利用规划入手提高地质灾害的防治水平——兼议地质灾害风险区划的急迫性与重要性

国际减灾战略已从场地尺度工程性“硬”措施转向区域土地规划限制等“软”措施,即通过土地利用规划手段来限制土地开发行为,这是防范地质灾害最有效的手段。从土地利用规划和土地审批的法律地位、地质灾害填图与区划的公益性基础工作和实施地质灾害风险带土地开发限制管理等方面介绍了国际经验,并提出中国开展土地利用规划预防地质灾害的具体建议。     

中国土地制度改革的方向与途径

2013年12月2日下午,上海市地质调查研究院副总工程师李勤奋教授与上海市地质调查研究院总工程师办公室副主任兼《上海国土资源》编辑部主任龚士良教授专程赴北京拜访了国务院发展研究中心农村经济研究部副部长刘守英研究员,并代表《上海国土资源》期刊作了专题访谈。刘部长对十八届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中土地制度改革等内容作了全面深入的解读和诠释,指出以往的土地制度为我国工业化、城市化发展做出了重大贡献,但要保障下一个战略机遇期中国经济社会的可持续发展,需要统筹考虑农民权益保障、发展空间规划、土地增值收益的公平分配、土地利用效率提升等因素,对土地制度进行全面改革。十八届三中全会将建立城乡统一的建设用地市场作为今后我国加快完善现代市场体系的重要内容,体现出中央对土地制度改革的重视,也明确了土地制度改革的方向。允许集体经营性建设用地进入市场,不仅有利于保护农民利益,而且有助于缩小征地范围。刘部长同时对生态保护红线与耕地保护红线的相互关系作了阐述。     

Relating environmental quality to slopeland residential development by using an empirical land use modeling approach

The purpose of this study is to formulate a method to improve slopeland's environment through better use of land. It first analyses the relationship between land use factors and environment criteria. Then, using the slope land uses in the Taipei urban fringe as a case study to illustrate this relationship. The third step is to form an improved land use scheme through an empirical modeling process. The process proves useful in providing guidance for various local and regional land use planning applications, including the formulation of a slopeland residential land use scheme in Taipei, which helps to improve slopeland environment around Taipei basin.Paper presented at the 28th annual meeting of Western Regional Science Association, February 24–28, 1988, Silverado, California.     

Compliance with land use regulations in peri-urban areas in Ghana: a study of Bamahu and Danko residential areas in Wa municipality,Upper West Region

GeoJournal - Globally, there is a sharp increase in human population in urban areas resulting to competition for land for settlement. With pressure on urban land, compliance with land use planning...     

规范农村集体建设用地使用权流转的法律思考

介绍了完善农村集体建设用地使用权流转的相关制度,对其流转模式进行了有益探讨;提出在农村集体建设用地使用权流转中必须规范操作规程,并且还要建立一套合理地收益分配机制,使之既能体现国家、集体和个人的合法利益,又能充分保障农民的权益,保证农村经济持续、稳定、健康发展。     

Using Landsat data to determine land use changes in Datong basin,China

The aim of this study was to determine land use changes in Datong basin using multitemporal Landsat data for the period of 1977–2006. Four dates of Landsat images from 1977, 1990, 2000, and 2006 were selected to classify the study area. Based on the supervised classification method of maximum likelihood algorithm, images were classified into six classes: water, urban, forest, agriculture, wetland, and barren land. A multidate postclassification comparison change detection algorithm was used to determine changes in land use in four intervals. It is found that (1) urban land area increased 213% due to urbanization that resulted from rapid increase of urban population and high-speed economic development, (2) agriculture area increased 34.0% due to land reclamation that resulted from rapid increase of rural population and improvement of irrigation capacity, (3) forest area decreased 20.9% due to deforestation for urban area and agricultural use, (4) barren land area decreased 78.2% due to cultivation for agricultural use, and (5) water and wetland decreased 39.1 and 67.1%, respectively, due to exploitation of surface water and decrease of recharge from groundwater to surface water that resulted from over exploitation of groundwater.     

土地储备的发展 实践以及新时代背景下的思考

土地储备制度起源于欧洲,发展于欧美地区。我国自20世纪90年代末,在借鉴国外发展经验的基础上,相继成立了土地储备机构,建立了土地储备制度。经过二十多年的发展,土地储备有效解决了土地无偿使用制度下产生的诸多历史遗留问题,为培育和规范土地市场、有效配置土地资源、优化城市空间布局、促进城市经济以及社会发展发挥了重要作用。十九大后,中国特色社会主义步入新时代。土地储备工作要深入贯彻新发展理念,积极应对新情况新问题新挑战,强化政府主导和公益性定位,适应土地市场发展改革需求,寻找新的转型发展之路。     

长春市城市扩展与土地利用效率研究

基于四期遥感影像数据(TM、ETM、WFV2)对城市建成区进行调查,研究1990年以来长春市的扩展情况,并结合统计年鉴资料,对长春市城市土地利用效率进行研究。结果表明:1990—2013年长春市建成区的面积持续增加,除东北方向之外,其他方向扩展明显;长春市的发展方式以外部扩张与内部填充发展交替进行,并且城市建成区形状简单,土地利用受城市规划影响较大,城市向着有序的方向发展,有利于城市土地利用效率的提高;1990—2012年城市土地利用效率虽有波动,但整体呈上升趋势。     

长株潭地区耕地压力的时空变化及驱动因素分析

利用1997-2010年长株潭地区的土地利用现状数据和社会经济数据,运用耕地压力指数模型和主成分分析法分析了长株潭地区耕地压力的时空分布及驱动因素。结果表明:（1）长株潭地区耕地总量总体呈阶梯减少趋势;（2）整体看,长株潭地区耕地压力指数小于1,耕地压力不明显,但耕地压力指数呈上升-下降-上升走势,耕地压力呈上升势头。（3）具体看,长株潭地区耕地压力:长沙市>株洲市>湘潭市;并且县域空间差异明显,尤其是城区耕地压力指数远大于1,表明城区耕地压力非常大,其他县市压力相对较小。（4）人口快速增长、经济跨越式快速发展、农业机械化普及与农业投入的增加等4个方面是长株潭地区耕地压力变化的主要驱动因素。研究成果有利于提高人们对长株潭地区的耕地保护意识,为促进区域土地合理利用规划,实现两型发展提供科学依据。      

国土空间规划编制视角下的国土空间用途管制体系研究

为明确国土空间用途管制体系,解决国土空间用途管制对象错位、行政部门间管控范围越位、规划落地实施缺位等问题,本研究构建了由指标、分区、地类和控制线等管控方式组成的国土空间用途管制体系。结合浙江省国土空间规划编制经验,系统梳理了适合当下国土空间规划编制的土地用途管控理论体系,深化了浙江省国土空间用途管制传导细则,并图示化各管制措施之间的编制逻辑关系,演绎了管控体系的实践操作逻辑,以期为国土空间规划编制提供技术依据。     

1990—2018年长沙市土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

评估生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Values,ESV)有利于衡量生态系统服务供给潜力和生态效益的大小,对城市生态规划与土地利用管控起到重要的支撑作用。选择长沙市为研究区域,基于1990、2000、2010和2018年4期土地利用现状遥感监测数据集,利用ArcGIS软件和经本地化校正的当量因子法,分析1990—2018年间的土地利用变化特征,并探讨土地利用变化对ESV的影响。结果表明: ①1990—2018年长沙市土地利用变化轨迹以耕地→林地互相转化以及建设用地对耕地、林地的侵占为主; ②1990—2018年长沙市的ESV共减少53.17×10⁸ 元,降幅3.59%,除水域外各类ESV均呈下降趋势,林地和耕地服务价值减少最明显; ③在各单项服务功能中,水文调节的价值最大,其次是气候调节,两者之和占总价值的54%; ④“退耕还林”“退田还湖”“兴工强市”等政策引起的土地利用变化势必对ESV造成影响,城市快速扩张、土地开发会导致ESV不断下降。综合分析认为,在调整研究区土地利用结构、优化土地配置时应充分重视水域、林地等生态系统服务价值较高的土地利用类型,减缓ESV的下降趋势。     

Urban Planning in Hong Kong and Integration with the Pearl River Delta: A Historical Account of Local Development

This paper shows the importance that urban planning plays in the development of Hong Kong. This leads to a reassessment of the role of the government, which is the sole proprietor of the land, in the economy – while it acknowledges the importance of market forces. The first part shows how, since 1945, Hong Kong authorities have been obliged to intervene more in urban planning and local development, despite their liberal ideology. The second part focuses on the interaction between government action and market forces, and their influence in this development. The third part deals with the question of the economic integration between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) after China started its economics reforms in 1978. The deconcentration of Hong Kong industries to China was mainly due to market forces, but provided a new role for the government. This role is analyzed through its transportation policy – the domain with the most visible governmental intervention before and after 1997. It indicates the preference of the government to develop the territory rather than better integration with the PRD, because of the internal economic problems that may emerge from this integration. Nevertheless, for political and economic reasons, this integration is also seen as necessary. The future of Hong Kong’s economy lies in the answers the authorities will give to this dilemma.