天然锰钾矿氧化降解水体中的苯胺研究

天然锰钾矿去除水体中苯胺的影响因素及其机制的研究表明，酸度是影响苯胺降解反应的主要因素，温度、振荡速度、矿物用量、矿物粒径及电介质浓度都不同程度地影响苯胺的降解；当介质pH值为3．0时，160～200目锰钾矿用量为10g／L、反应温度为25℃、振荡速度为200r／min、反应4h可以使50mL浓度为20mg／L的苯胺去除95％，达到工业废水一级排放标准；天然锰钾矿在酸性条件下具有强氧化性。可以使苯胺逐步降解为无机物质。以上结果都说明天然锰钾矿降解苯胺废水是一种经济有效的方法。     

天然锰钾矿氧化降解水体中苯酚机理研究

根据锰的溶出、氧气不参与反应、酸度是影响苯酚降解的主要因素等实验结果，推测天然锰钾矿与苯酚的作用机制。研究表明：反应8h，总有机碳去除率达88．7％；锰钾矿在硝酸存在时产生的氧自由基与苯酚发生氧化还原反应，使苯酚降解。根据检出的对苯醌、联苯二酚、2-羟基-苯并呋喃等中间物质推测出苯酚降解的反应途径。     

锰钾矿光催化降解苯酚及其影响因素研究

利用回流法合成隧道结构的锰钾矿,并研究其光化学降解苯酚的效果及影响因素。分别采用X射线衍射、原子吸收光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜和BET氮气吸附法对锰钾矿的晶体结构(包括晶型、晶胞参数和结晶度)、化学组成、微观形貌和比表面积进行了表征。研究表明,非光照时锰钾矿对苯酚的降解效果较差,光照能显著促进锰钾矿对苯酚的降解;光照条件下,p H值减小能显著促进锰钾矿对苯酚的降解;锰钾矿用量增加至1.00 g/L时能显著促进锰钾矿降解苯酚,但继续增加矿物用量却显著降低苯酚降解率;非光照条件下,p H值减小和矿物用量增加不能显著促进锰钾矿降解苯酚。     

锰钾矿处理高浓度含酚废水研究

对人工合成锰钾矿氧化降解高浓度含酚废水的特性进行了研究。结果表明,体系酸度和矿物用量是影响废水处理效果的重要因素。加酸量为0.12 mol/L,矿物用量20 g/L,温度70℃,反应时间3 h时效果最佳,废水总酚含量由1269 mg/L降低至268 mg/L,同时CODCr与TOC去除率为31.2%和70.5%。经GC/MS测定,水中酚类物质为苯酚、甲基苯酚、二甲基苯酚,最佳条件下,酚类物质浓度已低至检测限以下,水中残余吲哚、长链烷烃、喹啉及其衍生物等难降解有机物。     

MnO2-UV联用光化学降解苯酚废水的初步研究

探讨了人工合成的高价锰氧化物与紫外光(UV)联用时降解苯酚废水的特性。结果表明,氧化锰矿物在无UV时对苯酚的降解能力差异大,1 g/L的氧化锰4 h对200 mg/L苯酚废水的降解率和COD去除率分别为:锰钾矿97.51%、酸性水钠锰矿89.07%、碱性水钠锰矿11.36%、钙锰矿9.67%;锰钾矿87.79%、酸性水钠锰矿53.11%、碱性水钠锰矿6.42%、钙锰矿1.43%。UV光照下,氧化锰矿物对苯酚的降解率有不同程度的提高,且表现出显著的表面光催化性质,增加了苯酚的深度降解,COD去除率显著提高。UV下氧化锰4 h对苯酚的降解率分别为:锰钾矿99.48%、酸性水钠锰矿91.86%、碱性水钠锰矿40.15%、钙锰矿35.95%);COD的去除率分别为:锰钾矿98.11%、酸性水钠锰矿68.45%、钙锰矿27.57%、碱性水钠锰矿24.27%。MnO2-UV联用时降解苯酚可能包括两种主要作用机制:氧化锰矿物的直接化学氧化降解和UV下MnO2的表面光催化降解。     

天然锰氧化物矿物氧化废水中苯酚的动力学研究

利用天然锰氧化物矿物在酸性条件下的强氧化性,研究其氧化水中苯酚的动力学,模拟锰氧化物矿物氧化苯酚的反应过程。通过测定初始浓度为100~1000 mg/L,pH值为1~2,温度为293~333 K时不同氧化时间锰氧化物矿物对苯酚的氧化结果,比较伪一级和伪二级反应方程的线性拟合情况;结果表明,该反应动力学曲线用伪二级反应模型拟合时相关系数高于用伪一级反应方程线性的拟合,所以这个反应可用来模拟伪二级反应。根据动力学数据得出Arrhenius反应活化能Ea为11.62 kJ/mol,说明温度对该反应影响不显著,且是一个扩散控制反应。     

不同氧化锰矿物对光催化降解苯酚的影响

合成层状结构的酸性和碱性水钠锰矿以及隧道结构的锰钾矿和钙锰矿,将其用于苯酚的光催化降解研究。分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、BET氮气吸附法和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对供试锰氧化物的晶体结构、化学组成、微观形貌、比表面积以及光吸收性能等进行了表征。研究表明,暗反应条件锰氧化物对苯酚的降解作用较弱,而UV-Vis光照能显著促进锰氧化物对苯酚的降解。光照反应12 h后,锰钾矿、酸性水钠锰矿、钙锰矿以及碱性水钠锰矿的苯酚降解率分别为92.1%、77.3%、57.4%和45.8%;对应的TOC去除率分别由暗反应时的6.3%、11.2%、2.0%和4.6%提高至62.1%、43.1%、25.4%和22.5%。4种供试锰氧化物均具有光催化活性,其大小顺序为:锰钾矿>酸性水钠锰矿>钙锰矿>碱性水钠锰矿。UV-Vis光照下氧化锰矿物光化学降解苯酚主要存在3种降解机制———苯酚的直接光解,锰氧化物的化学氧化和锰氧化物的光化学催化,其中光催化降解起主导作用。     

铁锰氧化物对苯酚氧化降解的实验研究

为了考察铁锰氧化物对酚类污染物的氧化降解能力,采用天然以及合成的铁锰氧化物对苯酚的氧化降解进行对比实验研究。土壤中铁锰氧化物样品分别为天然针铁矿及氧化锰,合成铁锰氧化物样品分别为合成针铁矿及软锰矿。结果表明：苯酚与铁锰氧化物发生氧化还原作用时,还可能与土壤中杂质发生吸附等作用;铁锰氧化物还原反应强度随着反应介质pH值的升高而迅速下降;可用零级反应动力学方程拟合铁氧化物还原溶解反应,针铁矿溶解反应的强度与介质的pH值呈负相关关系;天然针铁矿对酚类污染物的氧化降解能力明显高于合成针铁矿,pH值对天然针铁矿溶解反应影响较大;可用一级指数衰减方程拟合锰氧化物还原溶解反应,锰氧化物溶解反应的强度与介质的pH值呈指数衰减关系;pH值对软锰矿还原溶解反应的影响大于对土壤中氧化锰的影响,pH值越小,影响越显著;对比pH值对铁和锰还原作用的影响发现,在pH=6.5时,锰氧化物仍有较强的氧化性能。     

天然锰钾矿处理印染废水实验研究

利用天然锰钾矿处理印染废水，讨论了介质pH值、样品用量、样品粒径、反应时间、光照和同存电解质等实验条件对活性艳红X—3B印染废水脱色速率的影响。处理了工业中常用的10种活性染料印染废水和华丰印染厂实际废水，大部分染料的脱色率达到了95％，处理后的华丰印染厂的CODcr和色度都达到了纺织染整工业废水排放一级标准，且天然锰钾矿可以被重复使用。锰的溶解情况研究结果表明，加入染料后，溶液中Mn(Ⅱ)的浓度大大提高，表明染料能将Mn(Ⅳ)还原为可溶的Mn(Ⅱ)，即染料与锰钾矿颗粒物界面发生了氧化还原反应，使染料的发色基团破坏而导致脱色。     

软锰矿对酸性大红GR的氧化脱色研究

本文主要研究了天然软锰矿对酸性大红GR的脱色效果,并从溶液的pH值和软锰矿的用量、粒径以及水浴温度、振荡速度方面探讨了软锰矿对其脱色效果的影响。实验表明,软锰矿可使250mL浓度为40mg/L的酸性大红溶液脱色达到95%以上,脱色效果较好,溶液pH值是影响酸性大红脱色的最主要因素,软锰矿的用量、粒径以及水浴温度、振荡速度对酸性大红脱色影响不大。软锰矿对酸性大红的高脱色率以及红外光谱分析和COD去除率表明,酸性大红在矿物界面发生了氧化还原反应,其显色基团被氧化破坏,但并不能将染料溶液全部氧化去除。软锰矿对酸性大红GR的氧化脱…     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of