FDPSO外输作业中碰撞风险的定量计算

浮式钻井生产储卸油装置(FDPSO)在外输作业中存在和穿梭油轮发生碰撞的风险,目前国内外的研究多集中在船体的结构强度和动力响应方面,文中则对FDPSO在外输作业中的碰撞概率做了定量研究。以南海一艘FDPSO为例,利用MOSES软件对其进行了3 h相对运动的时域模拟,得到FDPSO和穿梭油轮在漂移状态下过分纵荡运动的统计结果。两船之间的过分纵荡运动是导致FDPSO与穿梭油轮发生碰撞的主要原因。分析表明,FDPSO与穿梭油轮的纵荡最小值服从极值Ⅰ型分布。因此运用极值理论进行计算,得到FDPSO和穿梭油轮发生碰撞的概率。此外,进行了不同风浪组合情形下的模拟,研究了不同风浪流角度对过分纵荡运动发生概率的影响。研究表明,风浪流的角度对于漂移碰撞概率具有重要影响,碰撞概率随风浪流角度的增大而减小。     

Study on Vortex-Induced Motions of A New Type of Deep Draft MultiColumns FDPSO

A numerical simulation and an experimental study on vortex-induced motion(VIM) of a new type of deep draft multi-columns floating drilling production, storage and offloading(FDPSO) are presented in this paper. The main dimension, the special variable cross-section column and the cabin arrangement of the octagonal pontoon are introduced based on the result. The numerical simulation is adapted to study the effects of current incidence angles and reduced velocities on this platform's sway motion response. The 300 m water depth equivalent truncated mooring system is adopted for the model tests. The model tests are carried out to check the reliability of numerical simulation. The results consist of surge, sway and yaw motions, as well as motion trajectories. The maximum sway amplitudes for different types of offshore platform is also studied. The main results show that the peak frequencies of sway motion under different current incidence angles and reduced velocities vary around the natural frequency. The analysis result of flow field indicates that the change of distribution of vortex in vertical presents significant influences on the VIM of platform. The trend of sway amplitude ratio curve of this new type FDPSO differs from the other types of platform. Under 45° current incidence angle, the sway amplitude of this new type of FDPSO is much smaller than those of other types of offshore platform at 4.4 ≤ V_r ≤ 8.9. The typical ‘8' shape trajectory does not appear in the platform's motion trajectories.     

Study on Vortex-Induced Motions of A New Type of Deep Draft Multi-Columns FDPSO

A numerical simulation and an experimental study on vortex-induced motion (VIM) of a new type of deep draft multi-columns floating drilling production, storage and offloading (FDPSO) are presented in this paper. The main dimension, the special variable cross-section column and the cabin arrangement of the octagonal pontoon are introduced based on the result. The numerical simulation is adapted to study the effects of current incidence angles and reduced velocities on this platform''s sway motion response. The 300 m water depth equivalent truncated mooring system is adopted for the model tests. The model tests are carried out to check the reliability of numerical simulation. The results consist of surge, sway and yaw motions, as well as motion trajectories. The maximum sway amplitudes for different types of offshore platform is also studied. The main results show that the peak frequencies of sway motion under different current incidence angles and reduced velocities vary around the natural frequency. The analysis result of flow field indicates that the change of distribution of vortex in vertical presents significant influences on the VIM of platform. The trend of sway amplitude ratio curve of this new type FDPSO differs from the other types of platform. Under 45° current incidence angle, the sway amplitude of this new type of FDPSO is much smaller than those of other types of offshore platform at 4.4 ≤ V_r ≤ 8.9. The typical ‘8’ shape trajectory does not appear in the platform''s motion trajectories.     

浅海贝类养殖容量研究

贝类养殖容量概念和方法的研究开始较晚,发展较快.目前大多采用生态动力学模型的方法来研究养殖容量,它量化了贝类的生长过程,但关于贝类强烈的生理活动对环境的改造考虑不足,还不能应用于实际生产和海域使用的指导.在原有模型的基础上,导入养殖活动对自身容量反馈的模块,综合考虑影响养殖容量各个因子的权重,建立起生态效益和经济效益最优化的养殖容量模型是以后研究的重点.     

大洋真光层中的新生产力和N的来源

新生产力是理解海洋生物生产和碳循环的重要概念。20世纪80年代初,用地球化学方法得出的大洋的新生产力大大高于用生物方法估计的数值,这一结果在海洋学界引起不小的轰动,并成为海洋学研究的主线之一。在随后的时间里,许多海洋学家致力于解释这一差异形成的原因,直到今天,这一努力还在继续。作者对该研究的发展历程和研究现状做一综述。     

海上漂浮式风力机研究进展及发展趋势

介绍海上漂浮式风力机概念及其发展,列出了浮式结构的分类以及所面临的挑战,重点论述了目前世界上漂浮式风力机研究现状,给出了目前漂浮式风力机的发展趋势,并对其在我国的适用性做了简要分析。     

近江牡蛎的摄食习性

牡蛎(Ostrea)是重要的经济贝类之一,我国广东、福建沿海个别地区养殖的近江牡蛎(O. rivularis Gould)为其中经济价值巨大的一种。 世界学者们在牡蛎的研究方面已经做了许多工作,对壮蛎的养殖生产曾起了很大的推动作用;但目前在基础理论和实际应用方面,都还存在着很多需要研究和争论未决的问题,牡蛎的摄食习性就是其中之一。     

半潜式平台垂荡响应抑制措施研究

半潜式平台垂荡响应较大,对生产平台立管和采油树系统的选择、钻井平台钻杆升沉补偿装置等提出更高要求,增大了作业和维护成本。针对这一问题,在传统结构基础上提出了三种新的结构概念:1)在浮筒底部加垂荡板;2)沿立柱外延加垂荡板;3)改变立柱为变截面结构。通过数值分析对各平台模型水动力性能进行比较,结果表明,各新型结构对半潜式平台垂荡起到一定程度的抑制效果。由于在浮筒底部加垂荡板的方案效果比较突出,对该方案进一步做了优化和改进工作,并对平台在南海百年一遇波浪环境条件下的垂荡响应概率密度函数和响应极值进行了预报和对比研究。     

混合型单调算子对的不动点研究及其在微分方程组的应用

提出了混合型单调算子对的概念,并给出了其不动点的存在唯一性;研究了它在微分方程组的具体应用.     

一种高效率的软件开发方法--以用户为中心的软件开发方法(UCD)

软件开发是海洋监测技术与设备研究与开发的一个重要的环节,软件开发质量的高低直接关系到海洋监测仪器和设备的质量。文中阐释了以用户为中心的软件开发方法的概念、特点以及其实施中的基本原则和关键活动,并对传统的软件开发方法和以用户为中心的软件开发方法进行了比较研究。该方法不仅提高了用户的生产效率和生产质量,而且还减少了企业支持和培训方面的费用,提高了产品和服务的竞争力。