深季节冻土区列车行驶路基振动数值模拟研究

分析大庆深季节冻土区铁路路基的冬季现场加速度监测结果,获得了列车经过时铁路路基冻结地表振动加速度的时程特性及其衰减规律,并运用动力有限元方法进行了动力响应分析。研究结果表明：①随着列车行驶速度的增大,路基振动加速度亦增大,且重载货车振动响应大于高速客车;②列车行驶引起的路基振动加速度幅值,随着距线路中心距离的增加而迅速衰减;③应用有限元方法分析列车行驶路基振动特性是可行的。本文为研究深季节冻土区铁路路基振动特性提供了一种分析方法,对加深了解深季节冻土区铁路路基振动特性具有重要意义。     

季节变化对列车行驶路基动应力的影响及简化计算方法

我国众多铁路干线分布于深季节冻土地区。铁路路基土层的冻融状态随着季节的交替变化而改变,相应的列车行驶时引起的路基动应力分布也有所不同。考虑路基土体的参振效应,通过改进车辆-轨道-路基垂向耦合动力学模型获取不同季节列车行驶振动荷载时程,进而通过动力有限元数值模拟方法,研究季节变化对列车行驶引起的路基动应力分布规律的影响。研究表明:路基土中的动应力幅值及其沿路基深度的分布规律与该时期路基土的冻融状态密切相关,基于此结论,提出深季节冻土地区不同季节铁路冻土下限范围内路基动应力的简化计算方法。该研究对于优化季节性冻土地区铁路路基设计方法,完善路基长期动力稳定性能评价方法等具有重要意义。     

Experimental investigation of railway train-induced vibrations of surrounding ground and a nearby multi-story building

In this paper, a field experiment was carried out to study train-induced environmental vibrations. During the field experiment, velocity responses were measured at different locations of a six-story masonry structure near the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and along a small road adjacent to the building. The results show that the velocity response levels of the environmental ground and the building floors increase with train speed, and attenuate with the distance to the railway track. Heavier freight trains indu...     

地震-列车移动荷载耦合作用下高铁路基振动特性研究

基于轨道结构-路基-地基动力相互作用理论,建立考虑地震-列车移动荷载耦合输入的轨道结构-路基-地基动力学模型,研究高速铁路路基及轨道在耦合荷载作用下的振动响应问题。通过编制DLOAD子程序并与ABAQUS有限元计算程序联立,实现地震荷载与列车移动荷载耦合作用的施加,以高速铁路桩承式路基及自由式路基为研究对象,对地震-列车移动荷载耦合作用下两种路基系统的动力响应进行数值计算并比较两者的振动响应差异。结果表明,耦合荷载对桩承式路基动力响应影响显著,该荷载作用下桩承式路基会发生共振现象,使得桩承式路基中轨道和路基振动位移幅值均大于自由式路基的振动位移幅值;桩承式路基不会影响路基系统的振动频率,但会改变路基系统的振动大小,桩承式路基中轨道X方向加速度、路肩边及路基坡脚处的竖向加速度分别减小6.2%、50%、28.6%。     

多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载作用下路基振动响应研究

针对多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载振动作用下的动稳定性,通过对北麓河和二道沟三个典型铁路路基横断面振动响应的二分量加速度观测,对比分析客运列车和货运列车引起的路基振动特性和衰减规律,研究不同防护形式路基的列车振动响应。结果表明,路基上的振动作用主要集中在40～80Hz频率范围内;防护形式对路基的列车动力响应有明显影响,热棒加碎石路基动力响应最小,其次为碎石防护路基,未采取任何防护的路基铁轨上的动力响应最大,建议对未采取防护的路基进行防护。分析结论为青藏铁路列车作用下的路基动稳定性评估提供实测依据,对多年冻土区的路基稳定性研究提供参考。     

高速铁路路堤中WIB减隔振效果研究

为研究高速铁路路堤中WIB(波阻板)的减隔振效果,构建了简易的铁路路堤原理性试验模型,获得了在WIB底面与路堤顶面垂直间距不同时、在路堤面上的简谐荷载作用下引起的振动波在模型表面的传播衰减规律,分析了铁路路基中WIB底面与路堤顶面垂直间距不同时的减隔振效果;构建了高速铁路路基三维动力数值仿真分析模型,并进行对比分析,验证了模型试验的合理性。结果表明:在高速铁路路堤的基床底层中设置WIB,越靠近路堤顶面,减隔振效果越好;在基床底层的顶面设置WIB的减隔振效果优于在基床表层设置WIB。     

场地条件对高速铁路地基土振动影响的研究

发展高速铁路是解决城市间交通问题的有效途径,但其所产生的振动和噪声引起的环境问题,对铁路沿线居民及周围建筑等造成不利影响。在对高速铁路引起的振动问题进行的研究中,关于高速列车引起的地基土振动随深度变化的相对较少。因此,本文针对Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类场地条件下的路堤式和高架桥式高速铁路,对0—5m不同深度处地基土的振动加速度响应进行了现场测试,并以测试数据为基础,分析了不同场地条件下高速列车引起的地基土振动加速度响应随深度的变化规律。结果表明,不同场地条件下,高速列车引起的振动加速度响应随深度的变化规律具有显著差异;Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地基土振动加速度响应总体随深度的增加而逐渐减小,并呈先快后慢的衰减趋势;而Ⅳ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地基土振动加速度响应随深度的增加呈现先减小后放大的趋势,在深3m处加速度达到最大值。高速列车运行引起的振动频带随深度的变化特征与场地相关。     

Experimental investigation into ground vibrations induced by very high speed trains on a non-ballasted track

A field measurement of ground vibration was performed on the Beijing−Shanghai high-speed railway in China. In this paper, the experimental results of vertical ground vibration accelerations induced by very high speed trains running over a non-ballasted track on embankment with speeds from 300 to 410 km/h are reported and analyzed in detail for the first time. Characteristics of ground vibration accelerations in both time and frequency domains are analyzed based on the test data. It is shown that the periodic exciting action of high-speed train bogies can be identified in time histories of vertical accelerations of the ground within the range of 50 m from the track centerline. The first dominant sensitive frequency of the ground vibration acceleration results from the wheelbase of the bogie, and the center distance of two neighboring cars plays an important role in the significant frequencies of the ground vibration acceleration. Variations of time–response peak value and frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of ground vibration in relation with train speed as well as the distance from the track centerline are also investigated. Results show that the time-domain peak value of ground vibration acceleration exhibits an approximately linear upward tendency with the increase of train speed. With the increasing distance from the track centerline, the frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of the ground vibration attenuates more slowly than the time-domain peak value of the ground vibration acceleration does. Severe impact of high-speed railway ground vibration on human body comfort on the ground occurs at the speed of 380–400 km/h. The results given in the paper are also valuable for validating the numerical prediction of train induced ground vibrations.     

天兴洲公铁两用斜拉桥主梁纵向列车制动振动反应分析

本文对天兴洲公铁两用斜拉桥主梁纵向列车制动的振动反应进行了研究。天兴洲大桥是目前在建的世界上跨度最大的公铁两用斜拉桥,由于具有四线铁路,其主梁在列车制动及行车移动荷载作用下会沿纵向产生大幅振动,因此对其列车制动及行车移动荷载反应进行研究尤为必要。文中,首先根据车辆动力学的原理建立了列车制动动力学模型,获得了列车制动力纵向荷载及在制动过程中列车行走所产生的竖向荷载,并建立制动力传递有限元模型,应用有限元分析软件来获取钢轨上制动力及列车行走时引起的桥梁结构节点上的作用力时程。最后对天兴洲公铁两用斜拉桥主梁纵向列车制动及行车移动荷载的振动反应进行了仿真分析,发现了其主梁纵向列车制动反应具有位移大且速度极小的特点。     

列车荷载下巴准重载铁路高路堤路基累积变形研究

针对巴准重载铁路高路堤典型断面,采用三维非线性有限元与经验公式相结合的方法,建立了可考虑列车-轨道动力相互作用的重载列车振动荷载引起的高路堤路基累积变形计算方法。首先,基于列车-轨道垂向耦合动力系统理论,建立重载列车-轨道动力耦合体系数值模型,并实施重载列车-轨道耦合系统动力分析;其次,建立轨枕-道床-路基-场地动力系统的三维有限元模型,并输入求解的列车振动荷载作为外部激励;最后,采用Li和Selig推荐的改进土体累积变形预测模型并结合有限元分析结果,分析了未加固和应用土工格栅加固的高路堤路基累积变形的基本特征与规律。发现土工格栅可显著减小路基的动力累积变形作用。     

Full-scale model testing on a ballastless high-speed railway under simulated train moving loads

Model testing in laboratory, as an effective alternative to field measurement, provides valuable data to understand railway׳s dynamic behaviors under train moving loads. This paper presents comprehensive experimental results on track vibration and soil response of a ballastless high-speed railway from a full-scale model testing with simulated train moving loads at various speeds. A portion of a realistic ballastless railway comprising slab track, roadbed, subgrade, and subsoil was constructed in a larger steel box. A computer-controlled sequential loading system was developed to generate equivalent vertical loadings at the track structure for simulating the dynamic excitations due to train׳s movements. Comparisons with the field measurements show that the proposed model testing can accurately reproduce dynamic behaviors of the track structure and underlying soils under train moving loads. The attenuation characteristics of dynamic soil stresses in a ballastless slab track is found to have distinct differences from that in a ballasted track. The model testing results provide better understanding of the influence of dynamic soil–structure interaction and train speed on the response of track structure and soils.     

移动荷载下高速铁路轨道-路基的动位移分析

建立精细化的足尺轨道-路基-地基耦合系统非线性数值分析模型,考虑岩土材料的非线性应力-应变关系、路基填筑完成后的静应力状态对其后动力计算的影响、底座板底面与路基基床表层表面之间的动力相互作用,模拟轨道与路基系统的建造过程和与8辆编组动车组轮对相对应的荷载以350 km/h的速度的移动过程。结果显示,以实体单元模拟钢轨能获得更符合事实的钢轨空间振动响应,比采用梁单元更具优势;路基各层底面的动位移具有随时间和空间变化的特征;沿路基断面横向,不同时刻的竖向动位移在轨道板宽度范围内的最大波动值约0.04 mm,可认为均匀分布;沿深度方向,竖向动位移在不同时刻的分布相似,按照指数函数衰减,最大值约为0.8 mm,小于我国高速铁路3.5 mm的控制标准;沿线路纵向,竖向动位移峰值出现的位置与该时刻移动荷载所处的空间位置对应,在同一深度条件下,不同时刻的竖向动位移分布形态相似;基床底层底面以上,同一转向架上前后轮对对应的荷载引起的竖向动位移具有可观的叠加效应。     

铁路大跨度简支钢桁梁桥车-桥耦合振动研究

桥梁作为线路工程中不可或缺的重要枢纽,对列车通过桥梁时,桥梁和车辆之间相互作用的问题迫切需要做出解答,特别是针对铁路钢桁梁,并考虑大跨度简支特性的车-桥耦合振动问题研究更具有一定的理论与实际意义。以黄韩侯铁路新黄河特大桥156 m简支钢桁梁桥作为工程背景,建立车辆动力模型、桥梁有限元模型并考虑轮轨关系,以蛇形运动和轨道不平顺作为系统的自激激励源,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS以及UM(Universal Mechanism)动力学分析软件联合进行仿真分析,实现单个机车、编组客车和编组货车以设计时速通过桥梁时对大跨度简支钢桁梁桥车-桥耦合振动的研究。经过计算分析得出:大跨度钢桁梁桥的横向刚度相对较小;不同编组情况以设计时速通过桥梁时,车辆和桥梁的各项动力响应参数均在规范允许的范围之内;编组货车通过桥梁时,桥梁跨中横向、竖向加速度较之其他编组情况要大。     

Field testing and analysis of high speed rail vibrations

This paper outlines an experimental analysis of ground-borne vibration levels generated by high speed rail lines on various earthwork profiles (at-grade, embankment, cutting and overpass). It also serves to provide access to a dataset of experimental measurements, freely available for download by other researchers working in the area of railway vibration (e.g. for further investigation and/or the validation of vibration prediction models).First, the work outlines experimental investigations undertaken on the Belgian high speed rail network to investigate the vibration propagation characteristics of three different embankment conditions. The sites consist of a 5.5 m high embankment, an at-grade section and a 7.2 m deep cutting. The soil material properties of each site are determined using a ‘Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves’ technique and verified using refraction analysis. It is shown that all sites have relatively similar material properties thus enabling a generalised comparison.Vibration levels are measured in three directions, up to 100 m from the track due to three different train types (Eurostar, TGV and Thalys) and then analysed statistically. It is found that contrary to commonly accepted theory, vertical vibrations are not always the most dominant, and that horizontal vibrations should also be considered, particularly at larger offsets. It is also found that the embankment earthworks profile produced the lowest vibration levels and the cutting produced the highest. Furthermore, a low (positive) correlation between train speed and vibration levels was found. A selection of the results can be downloaded from www.davidpconnolly.com.     

Prediction of railway ground vibrations: Accuracy of a coupled lumped mass model for representing the track/soil interaction

Recent advances in railway-induced ground vibrations showed that the track/soil interaction plays an important role in the low frequency range. This paper contributes to the numerical analysis of train/track/foundation dynamics by presenting the accuracy of a coupled lumped mass (CLM) model devoted to the railway foundations and to the track/soil coupling. Following a summary of the background and the advantages of the CLM model, the coupling strategy is quantified through two application cases. Firstly, the dynamic track deflection is calculated for different railway lines considering various degrees of complexities of foundations. Then, the foundation responses are compared depending on whether detailed coupling is introduced or not. The benefit of the proposed model is emphasized by presenting free-field ground vibration responses generated by a tram and a high-speed train, obtained by a revisited two-step prediction model developed by the authors.     

Diagnosis and prediction of vibration from railway trains

In the North West of France, more particularly in the region of the Somme Bay, where the ground is constituted mainly of peat, observation of the surface of the soil near railway tracks has revealed high levels of displacement. This paper, contains a prediction model and diagnosis of vibration near the track. A model of a railway track on layered ground subjected to a moving train has been built and the calculation method uses Fourier transform formalism for a semi-analytical solution in the wave number domain. It includes all elements of the track and allows a parametric analysis of its different elements and evaluation of vertical displacement according to the speed, weight and composition of each train. The diagnosis has been performed with in situ measurements and with the aim of the validation of the model. A parameter study of the ground undertaken by seismic measurements shows a critical speed close to 100 m/s while the studied trains are moving with sub-Rayleigh speeds. Measurements give us a lot of information about lateral and vertical acceleration on the soil's surface and parts of the track. For high speeds and freight trains, displacement reaches more than 10 mm.     

轨道附近地面振动模型中的饱和地层动力格林函数

列车引起场地振动的建模需要能够表达地层的动力格林函数.本文兼顾饱和土的流固两相耦合性、场地土的分层性和波动的三维传播性,构建了半解析的场地动力格林函数.首先,基于Biot方程,在傅里叶变换域求解固体骨架和流体的位移和应力.然后采用传递矩阵方法建立地表位移和应力间的关系,得到格林函数矩阵.进而讨论矩阵的一些固有特征,提出改善竖向位移计算效率的措施.最后利用推导的格林函数计算了几个典型算例.数值结果与文献中其他方法得到的结果十分接近,与场地振动的现场观测试验基本符合.软土场地振动的计算结果高于饱和砂土场地,高速列车场地振动强度高于低速列车.当车速接近场地瑞利波速,模拟结果中显示出马赫锥.数值结果还显示,即使车速略低于瑞利波速,马赫锥也可能出现.本文推导的格林函数将有助于深入理解列车等移动激励作用下层状饱和土场地的振动特征.     

Results from field testing A curved box girder bridge using simulated earthquake loads

This paper presents the results of a unique field test on a curved highway overpass. In the test, large horizontal loads were applied to the superstructure of the bridge and quickly released, causing the bridge to vibrate. The resulting large-amplitude vibrations were intended to be similar to the vibrations caused by earthquakes (horizontal accelerations of up to 25 per cent of gravity were measured on the bridge deck). Well-defined lateral, longitudinal, vertical and torsional vibration modes were identified from the test data. The vibration modes were used to verify an analytical model of the bridge's dynamic response. For this paper, the model was verified using only the fundamental vibration mode, which was primarily a horizontal vibration mode. Using a system identification procedure, the dynamic response model was adjusted until its frequency and mode shape matched the measured frequency and mode shape. Parameters in the verified model were compared with the same parameters calculated from information in the structural drawings. Because the fundamental mode represents a horizontal mode, the bridge parameters identified in this paper were those parameters which strongly influence the horizontal response of the bridge.     

Prediction of high-speed train induced ground vibration based on train-track-ground system model

The development of analysis on train-induced ground vibration is briefly summarized. A train-track-ground integrated dynamic model is introduced in the paper to predict the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains. Representative dynamic responses of the train-track-ground system predicted by the model are presented. Some major results measured from two field tests on the ground vibration induced by two high-speed trains are reported. Numerical prediction with the proposed train-track-ground model is validated by the high-speed train running experiments. Research results show that the wheel/rail dynamic interaction caused by track irregularities has a significant influence on the ground acceleration and little influence on the ground displacement. The main frequencies of the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains are usually below 80 Hz. Compared with the ballasted track, the ballastless track structure can produce much larger train-induced ground vibration at frequencies above 40 Hz. The vertical ground vibration is much larger than the lateral and longitudinal components.     

地震作用下高速铁路车-线-桥耦合系统动力响应分析

地震激励对高速车辆-简支箱梁桥系统动力响应的影响关系到高速铁路运营安全。基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学和列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论,运用有限元和多体动力学方法,建立高速铁路桥梁区段车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合系统动力学模型,分析在人工地震波作用下高速铁路车-线-桥耦合系统动力响应。结果表明:地震激励对轨道板、支撑层和桥梁的横向振动特性的影响大于对垂向振动特性的影响,桥梁结构对地震激励的敏感程度大于轨道结构;车辆运行速度对系统垂向振动特性的影响大于对横向振动特性的影响。研究结论可为地震荷载作用下高速铁路安全运营提供理论依据。