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1.
文章主要通过电子探针、扫描电镜、激光拉曼光谱、透射电镜等微区微分析技术研究GRV 022115球粒陨石的基础矿物学特征和冲击变质矿物学特征,探讨陨石冲击熔融脉的形成机制和界定其母体的冲击条件。陨石主岩主要由橄榄石、辉石、熔长石、铁镍金属和硫化物等矿物组成。根据主岩的硅酸盐矿物学特征,确定GRV 022115是风化程度较低(W1) 的L6型普通球粒陨石,与前期分类结果一致。根据熔融脉内含有大量林伍德石的现象,修正GRV 022115陨石的冲击级别为S6,比原定的S5高一个级别。GRV 022115球粒陨石中有多条冲击熔融脉,熔融脉由基质和主岩碎块包裹体两类岩相组组成。熔融脉基质的主要组成是微米级粒状镁铁榴石与纳米级的含铁方镁石,是在平衡冲击压力下结晶的产物。冲击熔融脉主岩碎块包裹体中的橄榄石、低钙辉石、长石碎块已部分或全部转为相对应的高压相。橄榄石相变为林伍德石;个别低钙辉石相变为钙钛矿结构布里奇曼石微晶的集合体;长石主要相变为熔长石与玲根石。几乎所有的主岩碎块都有高温熔融的圆滑边界。熔融脉内外同类矿物的主量和微量元素具有一定的差异性,该差异性可以反映高温高压下混溶作用和扩散作用的影响。结合陨石冲击熔融脉形成机制和结晶模型,根据熔脉基质中镁铁榴石+方镁石矿物组合及静态高温高压实验相图,界定该陨石经受的冲击压力为23~27 GPa。  相似文献   

2.
陈鸣 《地学前缘》2005,12(1):23-27
橄榄石高压多形林伍德石被认为是地幔过渡带的主要矿物。天然产状林伍德石主要在发生强烈冲击变质的球粒陨石冲击脉体中出现。目前还没有在地球岩石中发现林伍德石的报告。陨石冲击脉体的温度压力历史和矿物组合特征研究表明,林伍德石形成后,高压下淬火是使林伍德石不发生退变作用的重要条件。陨石中有利于林伍德石保存的淬火时间仅为数秒到十多秒。在地球上任何地质事件中,均难以实现在如此短的时问内使位于地幔过渡带的林伍德石被带往地球表层。寻找地球产状的林伍德石,关键是要在岩石和矿物中存在有利于林伍德石保存的条件,特别是当这些岩石和矿物仍处于高温的环境时。  相似文献   

3.
普通球粒陨石是目前发现数量最多的陨石,对认识早期太阳星云演化和太阳系物质成分具有重要的意义。Northwest Africa (NWA) 15004是一块非洲西北部新发现的普通球粒陨石。本次研究使用光学显微镜、电子探针以及扫描电镜等分析仪器对该陨石进行详细的岩石学、矿物学及球粒特征研究。结果表明该陨石球粒轮廓较为模糊,基质重结晶明显,橄榄石平均Fa值为25.4 mol%(PMD为2.65%),低钙辉石的平均Fs值21.3 mol%(PMD为3.95%),硅酸盐矿物化学成分较为均一,根据岩相学及矿物学特征将其划分为L5型普通球粒陨石。橄榄石和辉石颗粒发育波状消光和面状破裂,且观察到有熔融囊的出现,表明该陨石受到S3以上的冲击变质作用。球粒的成因和形成的星云环境需要准确的球粒类型划分,球粒按结构类型分类较多,但其化学成分均一,该陨石所有球粒的橄榄石辉石的Mg#约为74.5,均为Ⅱ型富铁球粒,结合“CIPW标准”计算基质化学成分均为A5型球粒。利用共生单斜辉石和斜方辉石矿物对成分特征计算得到NWA 15004陨石热变质平衡温度为814℃,说明该陨石母体经历了较高程度热变...  相似文献   

4.
天然冲击球粒陨石的化学组成及冲击效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈永亨  方虹 《地球化学》1994,23(1):25-32
本文运用电子探针、INAA方法研究了两块强烈冲击的中国普通球粒陨石的矿物组成、化学组成、冲击熔融相,非溶融相和磁性金属相微量元素丰度,结合稀有气体含量和母体冲击特征,讨论了它们的冲击效应和母体热历史,证明了母体热变质作用叠加了冲击效应,冲击效应增加了陨石矿物组成平衡程度,提高了母体的岩石类型,但冲击热效应对陨石中非气体挥发性元素含量及化学组成没有明显的影响,说明冲击热效应对陨石中非气体挥发性元素含  相似文献   

5.
随州陨石母体在30 Ma前遭遇一次其他星体的撞击后,矿物发生了冲击变质作用,产生了几条宽度仅为0.02~0.09 mm的冲击熔脉.我们在随州陨石熔脉内和熔脉边部先后发现了多种冲击成因的高压相矿物,如粗粒的、由固态相变形成的林伍德石、低钙辉石的镁铁榴石相、钛铁矿相和钙钛矿玻璃相、NaAlSi3O8-锰钡矿相、涂氏磷钙石和铬铁矿的两种后尖晶石高压多形—CaFe2O4结构相和CaTi2O4结构相(其中后三种为首次发现的高压相新矿物),以及细粒的、在高压下从硅酸盐熔体结晶的镁铁榴石-镁铝榴石固溶体、镁方铁矿和林伍德石微晶集合体.此外,在陨石主体中还见有斜长石的高压熔体相—熔长石.熔长石和多种高压相矿物的存在,限定了随州陨石主体所受压力、温度分别为20 GPa和1100℃,熔脉内则高达23~25 GPa和2000~2300℃.上述撞击产生的压力与地球内部地幔转换带下部到下地幔顶部的压力相当.大量天然产出的高压相矿物在随州陨石中的发现,对了解深部地幔的矿物组成和元素地球化学行为具有重要理论意义.  相似文献   

6.
卞青竹  胡森  林杨挺 《地质科学》2018,(3):1186-1197
林东陨石发现于我国内蒙古地区,被划分为LL5-6型普通球粒陨石角砾岩。本项工作对林东陨石开展了深入的岩石矿物学分析,提出将其重新划分为表土角砾岩的新观点。林东陨石主要由大至厘米级的角砾、以及微米大小的细粒基质两部分构成。不同角砾之间,表现出明显差异的岩石结构,反映了不同程度的热变质,岩石类型变化范围为4~6型。角砾以岩屑为主,还含有残余球粒和粗粒的矿物碎屑。不同岩石类型角砾的橄榄石Fa值(29.7 mol%~30.5 mol%)、低钙辉石Fs值(24.9 mol%~26.1 mol%)、以及铁纹石的Co含量(2.38%~2.51%)等,表明这些角砾均为低铁低金属的LL化学群,判断其来自同一小行星母体。林东陨石的细粒基质主要由微米大小的矿物碎屑固结而成,颗粒之间有较多的孔隙,整体较为松散。细粒基质的化学组成与岩石角砾中的矿物颗粒相同,应当是后者的机械粉碎产物。据此推测林东陨石的母体是一颗LL群小行星,表面经历了长期的小天体碰撞,形成各种岩屑和微细矿物晶屑,然后固结成林东陨石表土角砾岩。林东陨石的发现为研究小行星表面的演化历史,以及太阳风辐射等太空风化提供了珍贵样品,并为我国小行星探测提供可供对照的对象。  相似文献   

7.
动态高压下斜长石的熔融和玻璃化研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
斜长石在冲击波产生的动态高温高压作用下较易熔融和淬火为非晶态物质,其矿物学名为熔长石。在随州陨石冲击变质特征的研究中,发现橄榄石、辉石等矿物除出现微裂隙外均保存完好,而多数斜长石颗粒则已熔融和玻璃化。可区分出两种形态的熔长石,一种是保持了原有矿物颗粒外形的‘继形熔长石’,另一种则以熔池状和脉状体形式产出的‘改形熔长石’。两种熔长石的光学和物理性质相似,它们的化学成分与晶质斜长石也基本相同,说明斜长石在高压下熔融时没有与周围物质发生明显的组分交换。在吉林陨石的人工冲击实验产物中,斜长石是最先熔融的硅酸盐矿物,也多以填隙的他形颗粒或脉状体和熔池的形式产出。经与其它陨石的静态高压淬火实验研究结果的比较,推定继形和改形熔长石的形成条件为≈20GPa和≤1100℃。本研究结果对了解地幔橄榄岩和俯冲的大洋板片部分熔融作用,以及地球火山岩玻璃和超基性岩中铬尖晶石的玻璃相岩浆包襄体物理化学性质有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

8.
缪秉魁  林杨挺  胡森  沈文杰  王葆华  冯璐  刘焘 《岩石学报》2010,26(12):3579-3588
GRV052382陨石是在南极格罗夫山地区发现的强烈冲击变质的橄辉无球粒陨石。它主要由橄榄石(75%)、易变辉石(5%)、富碳填隙物(20%)和少量金属组成。橄榄石呈半自形等粒细晶结构,颗粒大小约10~20μm,细晶颗粒间有少量辉石质的熔融填隙物。根据富碳填隙物分布和颗粒间的裂隙,可以区分出原粗粒橄榄石结构的轮廓,原颗粒大小约0.5~1.5mm。这些原粗粒橄榄石具有还原边结构,即边缘的橄榄石细晶富MgO,而核部橄榄石细晶富FeO。因强烈的还原作用,这些原粗粒橄榄石的核部成分变化大(Fa12.2-21.8),因此,原橄榄石核部成分Fa应为21.8%或略高。易变辉石呈浑圆粒状,大小约0.4~0.9mm,在颗粒之间其成分基本相当(En76.4-82.6Wo4.6-9.8Fs10.9-13.8),但在颗粒内部因冲击作用,产生波浪状韵律成分变化。富碳质填隙物充填在原粗粒橄榄石颗粒之间,主要由碳质和富MgO的硅酸盐组成。碳质多型主要为石墨,呈不规则蠕虫状或网脉状,大小约0.2~0.4mm,其中包含有少量金刚石颗粒(约1~3μm)。因此,这些特征表明GRV052382具有橄辉无球粒陨石结构,为单矿岩质橄辉无球粒陨石。根据橄榄石成分,GRV 052382陨石被进一步划分为富FeO亚型(I型)。此外,强烈冲击变质特征,即:(1)橄榄石冲击细晶结构;(2)橄榄石细晶颗粒具有圆化特征,其间存在熔融填隙物;(3)易变辉石晶体具有波浪状韵律成分变化;(4)易变辉石中存在大量不规则气孔;(5)金属Fe沿裂隙或气孔充填;(6)石墨发生金刚石相变等,表明GRV052382陨石的冲击变质程度为S6。因此,GRV052382陨石可能是经受最强烈冲击变质的橄辉无球粒陨石,这不仅为橄辉无球粒陨石的冲击历史提供直接证据,而且有可能获得其母体早期经历的冲击作用信息。  相似文献   

9.
海南岛白沙陨击坑是一个直径约3.5km的环形镶边坳陷,组成陨击坑边缘的环形山连续性好,并具二元结构;下部是层理清晰的下白垩统紫红色砂岩,其中长石、石英等粒状矿物普遍受冲击破碎,发育有冲击微页理和击变玻璃,云母呈膝折状变形;上部是冲击角砾岩块杂乱堆垒成的溅射覆盖层,冲击角砾岩因冲击熔融结晶而貌似凝灰岩,但其中矿物成分十分复杂,含有镁橄榄石、镍纹石以及高密度石英等,岩石化学计算结果说明它是由砂岩变质而成的,与火成岩无关。坑内保留有回落角砾岩,常见到沿裂缝贯入的脉状角砾岩。在陨击坑内找到了重3.75kg的石陨石碎块,其中含碱硅镁石、陨铁大隅石、四方镍纹石、陨硫钙石和陨硫铁等陨石标型矿物,但不具球粒结构,CaO含量为9.19%,属富钙的无球粒陨石,认为是白沙陨石坑的成坑陨石。在陨击坑中找到富钙无球粒陨石,为陨击坑提供了最直接可靠的证据,也为石陨石撞击成坑提供了实例。  相似文献   

10.
NWA 12279为2016年发现的一块斜长岩质月球陨石,由86%的斜长岩和14%的冲击熔融角砾岩组成。斜长岩具嵌晶结构,矿物组成主要为斜长石(70. 6%)、橄榄石(11. 3%)、辉石(10. 0%)、镁铝尖晶石(7. 0%),含少量石英、铬铁矿和钛铁矿;冲击熔融角砾岩具角砾状结构,主要由岩屑(斜长岩、辉长-橄长-斜长岩、微斑熔融角砾岩、辉长岩)、晶屑(橄榄石、辉石、斜长石、尖晶石)、玻屑和基质组成。斜长岩和角砾岩的矿物组成基本一致,主要为斜长石(An_(92. 9~98. 4))、紫苏辉石(Fs_(15. 5~32. 2)Wo_(2. 98~4. 22))、易变辉石(Fs_(27. 9~53. 1)Wo_(7. 19~14. 7))、普通辉石(Fs_(8. 42~38. 9)Wo_(17. 0~44. 1))、橄榄石(Fo_(53. 7~89. 4))、尖晶石[(Mg_(4. 97)Fe_(0. 86))_(5. 83)(Al_(11. 4)Cr_(0. 61))_(12. 0)O_(24)]。通过对陨石的矿物组成、碎屑组成、矿物成分、全岩成分和冲击变质特征进行研究,并和已发现的月球斜长岩进行了对比,认为该陨石可能起源于一个新的富含尖晶石的辉长橄长斜长岩高地。该陨石的斜长岩和角砾岩具有不同的冲击特征,斜长岩区域发育橄榄石面状破裂、斜长石熔长石化及含未熔融的辉石和橄榄石晶屑的冲击熔脉;角砾岩区域发育玻璃质熔脉、冲击熔体及岩石角砾化,这些特征限制了斜长岩区和角砾岩区经历的冲击压力峰值分别约为45 GPa和78 GPa,温度峰值分别约为1 100℃和1890℃,冲击变质阶段为S_5~S_6。  相似文献   

11.
The Suizhou meteorite is an L6 chondrite. This meteorite is consisted of olivine, low-Ca pyroxene, plagioclase, FeNi metal, troilite, whitlockite, chlorapatite, chromite and ilmenite. Olivine and pyroxene grains display shock-induced mosaic texture, and most plagioclase grains were melted and transformed to maskelynite. This meteorite contains a few very thin shock-produced melt veins ranging from 20 to 100 μm in width. They are chondritic in composition and contain abundant high-pressure minerals in two assemblages. One is the coarse-grained assemblage of ringwoodite, majorite, lingunite with minor amount of tuite, xieite, the CF-phase, akimotoite and amorphized perovskite, and the fine-grained assemblage (the melt vein matrix) composed of majorite-pyrope garnet, magnesiowüstite. FeNi metal and troilite in the Suizhou shock veins were molten and occur as small intergrowth grains or veinlets filling the interstices of garnet crystals or cracks in the vein matrix. It was revealed that olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase in the Suizhou shock veins have transformed in solid state to their high-pressure polymorphs ringwoodite, majorite, and lingunite, respectively, without change in their chemical compositions.  相似文献   

12.
Enstatite-rich meteorites include EH and EL chondrites, rare ungrouped enstatite chondrites, aubrites, a few metal-rich meteorites (possibly derived from the mantle of the aubrite parent body), various impact-melt breccias and impact-melt rocks, and a few samples that may be partial-melt residues ultimately derived from enstatite chondrites. Members of these sets of rocks exhibit a wide range of impact features including mineral-lattice deformation, whole-rock brecciation, petrofabrics, opaque veins, rare high-pressure phases, silicate darkening, silicate-rich melt veins and melt pockets, shock-produced diamonds, euhedral enstatite grains, nucleation of enstatite on relict grains and chondrules, low MnO in enstatite, high Mn in troilite and oldhamite, grains of keilite, abundant silica, euhedral graphite, euhedral sinoite, F-rich amphibole and mica, and impact-melt globules and spherules. No single meteorite possesses all of these features, although many possess several. Impacts can also cause bulk REE fractionations due to melting and loss of oldhamite (CaS) – the main REE carrier in enstatite meteorites. The Shallowater aubrite can be modeled as an impact-melt rock derived from a large cratering event on a porous enstatite chondritic asteroid; it may have been shock melted at depth, slowly cooled and then excavated and quenched. Mount Egerton may share a broadly similar shock and thermal history; it could be from the same parent body as Shallowater. Many aubrites contain large pyroxene grains that exhibit weak mosaic extinction, consistent with shock-stage S4; in contrast, small olivine grains in some of these same aubrites have sharp or undulose extinction, consistent with shock stage S1 to S2. Because elemental diffusion is much faster in olivine than pyroxene, it seems likely that these aubrites experienced mild post-shock annealing, perhaps due to relatively shallow burial after an energetic impact event. There are correlations among EH and EL chondrites between petrologic type and the degree of shock, consistent with the hypothesis that collisional heating is mainly responsible for enstatite-chondrite thermal metamorphism. Nevertheless, the apparent shock stages of EL6 and EH6 chondrites tend to be lower than EL3-5 and EH3-5 chondrites, suggesting that the type-6 enstatite chondrites (many of which possess impact-produced features) were shocked and annealed. The relatively young Ar–Ar ages of enstatite chondrites record heating events that occurred long after any 26Al that may have been present initially had decayed away. Impacts remain the only plausible heat source at these late dates. Some enstatite meteorites accreted to other celestial bodies: Hadley Rille (EH) was partly melted when it struck the Moon; Galim (b), also an EH chondrite, was shocked and partly oxidized when it accreted to the LL parent asteroid. EH, EL and aubrite-like clasts also occur in the polymict breccias Kaidun (a carbonaceous chondrite) and Almahata Sitta (an anomalous ureilite). The EH and EL clasts in Kaidun appear unshocked; some clasts in Almahata Sitta may have been extensively shocked on their parent bodies prior to being incorporated into the Almahata Sitta host.  相似文献   

13.
In addition to shock effects in olivine, plagioclase, orthopyroxene and Ca-pyroxene, petrographic shock indicators in equilibrated ordinary chondrites (OC) include chromite veinlets, chromite-plagioclase assemblages, polycrystalline troilite, metallic Cu, irregularly shaped troilite grains within metallic Fe-Ni, rapidly solidified metal-sulfide intergrowths, martensite and various types of plessite, metal-sulfide veins, large metal and/or sulfide nodules, silicate melt veins, silicate darkening, low-Ca clinopyroxene, silicate melt pockets, and large regions of silicate melt. The presence of some of these indicators in every petrologic type-4 to -6 ordinary chondrite demonstrates that collisional events caused all equilibrated OC to reach shock stages S3-S6. Those type-4 to -6 OC that are classified as shock-stage S1 (on the basis of sharp optical extinction in olivine) underwent postshock annealing due to burial beneath materials heated by the impact event. Those type-4 to -6 OC that are classified S2 (on the basis of undulose extinction and lack of planar fractures in olivine) were shocked to stage S3-S6, annealed to stage S1 and then shocked again to stage S2. Some OC were probably shocked to stage ≥ S3 after annealing. It seems likely that many OC experienced multiple episodes of shock and annealing.Because 40Ar-39Ar chronological data indicate that MIL 99301 (LL6, S1) was annealed ∼ 4.26 Ga ago, presumably as a consequence of a major impact, it seems reasonable to suggest that other equilibrated S1 and S2 OC (which contain relict shock features) were also annealed by impacts. Because some type-6 S1 OC (e.g., Guareña, Kernouvé, Portales Valley, all of which contain relict shock features) were annealed 4.44- 4.45 Ga ago (during a period when impacts were prevalent and most OC were thermally metamorphosed), it follows that impact-induced annealing could have contributed significantly to OC thermal metamorphism.  相似文献   

14.
The mineralogy and texture of shock-induced melt veinlets and melt pockets in silicate inclusions in the Elga IIE iron meteorite have been studied by reflected-light optical microscopy, EMPA, SEM, Raman spectroscopy and TEM. The results suggest that Elga experienced two discrete impact events. The earlier event involved the collision of a metallic projectile with a silicate target and resulted in partial melting and recrystallization of the silicate material, forming schreibersite and oxide rims between the metal and silicate. The later impact event resulted in melt pockets in the silicate inclusions and was associated with fragmentation, melting, and brecciation of the rims and displacement of some fragments into the melt pockets. These fragments are shown to contain carbon-bearing phases: siderite and amorphous sp 2 carbon, which form carbon–oxide, siderite–oxide, and siderite–schreibersite associations. The fact that the carbon-bearing fragments are spatially constrained to shock breccia and melt zones indicates that these fragments are genetically related to the impact process and that their carbon-bearing phases are of cosmic origin.  相似文献   

15.
Pampa del Infierno, an L6 chondrite, displays strong evidence of impact metamorphism. Rare chondrules and two types of dark-colored clasts occur in a light-colored matrix. Granular clasts are similar in mineralogy and chemistry to the host meteorite, but display shock metamorphic features, produced mainly by deformation, such as mosaicism, undulatory extinction, and fracturing. Partial melting in the granular clasts is manifested by the presence of selvages of mafic glass with troilite-iron eutectic intergrowths around remnants of low-Ca pyroxene and plagioclase glass with skeletal poikilitic inclusions of olivine. Clasts with spinifex texture are believed to have crystallized from a supercooled, impact-generated, ultramafic melt of the host chondrite or a chondritic source of similar composition. The light-colored matrix mainly displays evidence of shock metamorphism under subsolidus conditions as manifested by kinking and deformation twinning in pyroxene; high-pressure phase transitions of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene to ringwoodite and majorite, respectively; and lineation that still preserves the deformation features in the different mineral phases. Pertinent shock-wave data used to interpret the metamorphic history of the Pampa del Infierno chondrite suggest metamorphism by impact at a minimum peak pressure greater than 300 kbar.  相似文献   

16.
Northwest Africa 479 (NWA 479) is a lunar meteorite recovered in 2000 from Morocco. This unbrecciated low-Ti basalt is paired with NWA 032. The texture of NWA 032/479 indicates a simple crystallization history and a fast cooling, followed by an impact event. The occurrence of high-pressure polymorphs of olivine (ringwoodite and wadsleyite) in shock-melt veins indicates shock-pressures of at least 20 GPa.Lithium abundances and isotopic compositions were measured by ion microprobe in pyroxene, olivine crystals, and magmatic inclusions. The δ7Li values in the magmatic inclusions indicate that the NWA 479 parental melt was enriched in 7Li (δ7Li = +15‰). The behavior of Li depicted by the phenocrysts is complex and is not controlled by their major element compositions. Li abundances and δ7Li values range respectively from 3.2 to 11.8 μg/g and +2.4 to +15.1‰ in olivine and from 2.8 to 18.4 μg/g and −0.2 to + 16.1‰ in pyroxene phenocrysts. Neither hot desert weathering, closed-system fractional crystallization, involvement of a low-δ7Li reservoir, degassing of NWA 479 parental melt, nor shock metamorphism correctly explain the Li distribution in the phenocrysts. We propose that the wide range of δ7Li values displayed by the phenocrysts results from the large diffusivity differences between 6Li and 7Li. It is shown that this difference is able to produce large isotopic heterogeneities in a very short time.  相似文献   

17.
Analytical results for the material of the Chelyabinsk meteorite   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper presents the results of the mineralogical, petrographic, elemental, and isotopic analysis of the Chelyabinsk meteorite and their geochemical interpretation. It was shown that the meteorite can be assigned to LL5-group ordinary chondrites and underwent moderate shock metamorphism (stage S4). The Chelyabinsk meteorite contains a significant fraction (approximately one-third by volume) of shock-melted material similar in composition to the main volume of the meteorite. The results of isotopic analysis suggest that the history of meteorite formation included an impact event approximately 290 Ma ago.  相似文献   

18.
Petrography and mineral chemistry of 24 ordinary chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica, have been studied in order to identify their chemical-petrographic types. These samples were selected from a total of 4448 Grove Mountains (GRV) meteorites collected during the 19th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition so as to make an estimation of the large GRV meteorite collection. The chemical-petrographic types of these meteorites are presented below: 1 H3,2 H4, 4 H5, 2 H6, 1 L4, 7 L5, 5 L6, 1 LL4 and 1 LL6. The new data weaken the previous report that unequilibrated ordinary chondrites are unusually abundant in the Grove Mountains region. However, this work confirms significant differences in distribution patterns of chemical-petrographic types between the Grove Mountains and other  相似文献   

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