北极细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.A2对H2O2胁迫的转录组分析

海水中的高溶解氧浓度、低温和UV辐射导致了氧胁迫是北极海洋细菌面临的主要胁迫因素之一。本文对北极细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.A2对H₂O₂导致的氧胁迫的应答特征进行了转录组测序和基因差异表达的比较分析,以期发现与氧胁迫相关的关键功能基因。研究表明,与对照组相比,1 mmol/L的H₂O₂可导致菌株A2转录组的很大变化,包括109个基因的显著上调与174个基因的显著下调。COG分析表明,在功能已知的基因中,与转录后修饰、蛋白质转换和分子伴侣相关的基因大部分显著上调,而与氨基酸运输和代谢等相关基因则大部分显著下调。值得指出的是,有18个与鞭毛相关的基因和4个与热激蛋白相关的基因显著上调;同时,有9个与细胞色素和细胞色素氧化酶相关的基因和5个与TonB依赖受体相关的基因显著下调。在GO分析表明具有抗氧化活性的18个基因中,只有1个基因的表达显著上调,而有2个显著下调。简言之,RNA-Seq表明,除了传统的抗氧化基因和应激蛋白外,鞭毛相关基因和功能未知基因在菌株Pseudoalteromonas sp.A2的氧胁迫适应性中起着重要作用。该转录组分析和氧胁迫相关基因的发现有助于了解北极细菌的氧胁迫适应机制。     

舟山海域好氧不产氧光合异养细菌群落结构分析

好氧不产氧光合异养细菌(aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria,AAPB)是广泛分布在各种海洋环境中并在微生物生态学、海洋碳汇和海洋生态系统的生物地球化学循环的过程中具有潜在的重要作用的一类光合异养微生物。于2016年4月份在舟山群岛不同海洋功能区海域的八个站点采集表层海水,基于编码光合反应复合中心小亚基的puf M基因进行高通量测序,对测序结果进行分析,结果发现:除了岱山的样品测序失败以外,其它七个站点共得到192633条序列,我们进行了OTU聚类分析,相似性设为97%,可以看到,所有的数据最后一共分成4051个OTU。属于Proteobacteria的AAPB占明确分类的各细菌门的97%。Rhodobacteraceae科的Loktanella和Roseobacter两个属的AAPB在所有的采样站点中都处于优势地位。Desulfocapsa属在朱家尖站位(ZJJ)的发现非常具有研究价值,在以往的研究中还没有出现过。研究结果表明,在舟山群岛不同功能海域AAPB的群落结构和分布情况也是有差别的,而且与很多环境因素有关,这可以解释为什么目前很难准确预测水生环境总AAPB分布的问题。     

倒立水母Cassiopea andromeda 的POU、Hox基因家族的多样性及系统发育分析

与其他钵水母相比,倒立水母具有独特行为：在生命周期的大部分时间里,它都在海底呈倒立附着、“睡眠”的状态。为探索与这一独特行为相关的遗传信息,本研究对安朵仙水母(Cassiopea andromeda)和同属于钵水母纲的海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)、巴布亚硝水母(Mastigias papua)进行首次全基因组测序、拼接和注释,并重点分析了这3种钵水母与感觉功能、神经系统发育相关的重要转录调节因子Hox和POU基因家族的多样性与系统发育关系。遗传分析显示,刺胞动物门中Hox和POU基因家族具有明显的物种间差异性。对Hox基因的分析首次发现钵水母及水螅(Hydra vulgaris)的“前段Hox基因”产生了部分缺失,并进一步印证了刺胞动物不存在“中段Hox基因”的假说。安朵仙水母和海蜇具有相对全面的ParaHox基因种类,即GSX和XLOX/CDX基因,而巴布亚硝水母只有GSX基因。在POU基因多样性方面,安朵仙水母、海蜇、星状海葵(Nematostella vectensis)的基因组具有全部4类POU,而巴布亚硝水母、海月水母(Aurelia aurita)、水螅只有2类POU。在本研究分析的刺胞动物中,安朵仙水母的POU-1,-6亚型的核苷酸多态性最高;安朵仙水母与指形鹿角珊瑚(Acropora digitifera)、星状海葵的POU-2/3/5亚型的序列多样性较其他钵水母更高。另外,3种钵水母与水螅粘附蛋白的比较结果表明,安朵仙水母具有巴布亚硝水母和海蜇所不具有的粘附相关鼠李糖结合凝集素和一类抗氧化活性物质铁螯合物还原酶。综上所述,安朵仙水母具有更多POU编码基因和复杂POU亚型,以及具有粘附相关凝集素和还原酶的编码基因,可能是与安朵仙水母倒立附着生活方式相关的关键遗传信息。     

海洋中不产氧光合细菌的研究进展

介绍了海洋中需氧的不产氧光养菌(aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria,简称AAP细菌)在全球海域的分布和丰度、光合作用能力、系统发生、多样性,以及与光合自养生物的关系、在海洋碳循环中的贡献等方面的研究进展,阐述了海洋中不产氧光合细菌在碳、氮、硫、铁等物质循环过程中的重要性和一些新种的发现及其应用,指出了目前海洋中不产氧光合细菌研究中存在的问题。     

大黄鱼Lcnkl3基因的分子结构、表达特征及多肽片段抗菌活性

作为重要的免疫基因, NK-lysin参与了鱼类非特异性免疫系统对抗病原感染的免疫应答过程。在之前的研究中, 我们已经发现重要经济鱼类大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)体内存在2种类型的NK-lysin基因。在本文中我们报道了1种新型大黄鱼NK-lysin基因Lcnkl3, 并对基因序列、表达特征及其多肽片段的抗菌活性进行了分析。Lcnkl3基因的开放阅读框长度为435 bp, 编码144个氨基酸残基, 其多肽序列Lcnkl3中包含Saposin B结构域及6个高度保守的半胱氨酸残基。系统进化分析表明Lcnkl3与大黄鱼Lcnkl2最为相似, 与其他鱼类NK-lysin多肽则差异较大。Lcnkl3基因在未受感染的大黄鱼各组织中具有不同的基础表达量, 表达水平最高的组织为心脏。在病原诱导的免疫应答过程中, Lcnkl3基因在各组织不同感染阶段的表达模式存在差异。源于Lcnkl3成熟肽序列的多肽片段对不同细菌的抑制和杀灭效果差异显著。以上结果表明Lcnkl3属于大黄鱼NK-lysin基因家族, 并参与了大黄鱼对抗病原感染的免疫过程。     

Ficolin在毛蚶抗弧菌感染中的作用

Ficolin是一类含FBG结构域的蛋白,在动物免疫防御中发挥重要作用。无脊椎动物中,Ficolin主要作为模式识别受体和免疫效应分子发挥免疫功能。本研究从毛蚶中克隆获得一条Ficolin基因(命名为SsFic1),该基因编码区序列长度为897 bp,编码298个氨基酸,推测的蛋白含有典型的FBG结构域和Coiled coil结构域,但未发现胶原样结构域。SsFic1的mRNA在毛蚶各组织中广泛分布,其中在肝胰腺和鳃中表达丰度较高,但SsFic1转录产物在卵细胞和四细胞期未检测到,说明该基因不是母源性免疫基因。副溶血弧菌和脂多糖、葡聚糖等免疫刺激物均可诱导SsFic1显著上调表达。利用RNAi技术抑制SsFic1基因表达,酚氧化酶激活因子PAF和补体相关基因(C1qDC、补体C3和Fic3)的表达量及CAT、SOD和PO的酶活力均显著下降,而TEP、C1q2和Fic2等基因的表达显著上调。敲降SsFic1表达后,感染副溶血弧菌后毛蚶血细胞数量和吞噬能力均显著低于对照组,这也是RNAi实验组毛蚶死亡率和血细胞凋亡率显著升高的原因。综上,SsFic1可能通过调控补体通路和酚氧化酶原激活通路参与毛蚶免疫防御反应,这对贝类免疫学研究及抗病新品系的选育具有重要意义。     

海蜇dmrta2基因的克隆及其在横裂生殖中的表达分析

Dmrt基因家族在后生动物性别决定与分化以及组织和器官的形成等发育过程中发挥着重要作用。为探究dmrt家族基因在海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)横裂生殖中的功能,本研究以海蜇转录组测序获得的dmrta2基因片段为基础,通过RACE技术获得了海蜇dmrta2基因的cDNA全长,并分析了其在横裂生殖不同时期的表达模式。结果显示海蜇dmrta2基因cDNA全长为1 804 bp,开放阅读框为1 011 bp,所编码蛋白质含336个氨基酸,分子质量为37.25 kDa,理论等电点为9.11。预测海蜇dmrta2编码蛋白为亲水性蛋白质,无跨膜区域,不含信号肽。在33至79位氨基酸之间具有dmrt基因家族保守的DM结构域,与珊瑚、果蝇等物种的同源基因相应区域高度一致。系统进化分析显示,海蜇DMRTA2与鹿角珊瑚DMRTA2和DMRT3以及海葵DMRTA2的亲缘关系最近。原位杂交显示dmrta2基因在海蜇横裂生殖后期主要表达于感觉缘叶原基位置,在初生碟状体中表达于感觉棍位置。研究结果表明,dmrta2基因参与海蜇横裂生殖过程,可能主要与感觉棍神经系统的分化发育相关,研究为进一步解析海蜇等钵水母横裂生殖的分子调控机制提供了基础数据。     

秦皇岛外海低氧区颗粒物吸收光谱特征

近年来, 渤海夏季低氧现象频发, 引起了人们的广泛关注。然而对该海域低氧形成的机制还未得到充分认识。研究基于在秦皇岛外海的现场观测, 分析了海水中颗粒物吸收光谱特征及其与不同粒径浮游植物叶绿素a (chl a)组成、环境因子的关系, 评估了夏季底层水体脱氧过程中有机物来源与特征。结果显示,夏季秦皇岛外海微型浮游植物chl a占总量的80%。表层水体中, 总颗粒物吸收光谱[a_p(l)]特征由浮游植物色素吸收光谱[a_ph(l)]主导, 在中、底层水体中则由碎屑颗粒物吸收光谱[a_d(l)]主导。垂向上, a_p(440)和a_d(440)均表现为表层<中层<底层。结果还表明, 浮游植物粒径主导秦皇岛外海chl a的光吸收效率, 即a^*_ph(440)。基于三粒级chl a含量, 可利用多元回归预测a_ph(440)。碎屑颗粒物的吸收光谱同样受浮游植物群落、有机质相对含量等的影响。研究结果表明初级生产产生的微型颗粒有机物是底层水体脱氧的主要底物。     

温度、盐度和pH对钝缀锦蛤耗氧率和排氨率的影响

为探究温度、盐度和pH对钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)耗氧率和排氨率的影响,作者采用室内实验生态学方法研究了不同温度、盐度和pH对钝缀锦蛤呼吸代谢的影响。实验设定了5个温度梯度(18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃、30℃)、5个盐度梯度(18、21、24、27、30)和5个pH梯度(5、6、7、8、9)。结果表明,温度对钝缀锦蛤的耗氧率影响显著(P<0.05),但对排氨率影响不显著(P>0.05),在温度18~30℃范围内,耗氧率随温度的升高而升高,而排氨率随温度的升高先降后升;盐度对该贝的耗氧率和排氨率影响极显著(P<0.01),耗氧率和排氨率随盐度升高先上升后下降,耗氧率和排氨率峰值分别出现在盐度为27和24;pH对钝缀锦蛤的耗氧率和排氨率影响不显著(P>0.05),pH为6~9时,钝缀锦蛤的耗氧率和排氨率变化幅度较小。在温度18~30℃,耗氧率与排氨率之比(O∶N)为5.56~45.4;在盐度18~30,O∶N为17.14~40.09;在pH5~9范围内,O∶N为27.59~40.41。研究结果为进一步研究钝缀锦蛤的生理生态奠定了一定基础。     

Piwi基因参与两性卤虫(Artemia franciscana)的生殖调控研究

Piwi（P-element induced wimpy testis）基因编码Piwi蛋白,在生殖干细胞的自我更新、减数分裂过程、RNA沉默和转录调控中起重要作用。为探究Piwi基因参与两性卤虫生殖发育的作用,从两性卤虫Artemia franciscana转录组中筛选获得Piwi基因开放阅读框,进行序列分析和结构域预测等生物信息学分析,采用qPCR技术研究该基因在A.franciscana生殖腺发育不同时期表达特征,并利用RNAi显微注射技术探究其功能。生物信息学分析表明,A.franciscana Piwi基因的开放阅读框长2 619 bp,编码872个氨基酸;Piwi基因编码的蛋白分子量为98.11 kDa,等电点为9.50,为碱性亲水性蛋白,无信号肽和跨膜结构;存在Piwi和PAZ结构域及ArgoL1结构域,二级结构以α-螺旋为主,三级结构与之对应;系统进化树显示A.franciscana与蚤状溞和大型溞的Piwi序列相似性最高。qPCR结果表明,Piwi基因在卵巢的卵黄发生晚期和晚期胚胎表达量最高,显著高于卵黄发生早期和早期胚胎（P<0.01）;Piwi基因在精巢的未成熟期表达量最高,显著高于成熟早期、成熟中期和成熟晚期（P<0.01）。RNAi结果显示,该方法能显著降低Piwi基因的表达水平（P<0.01）,并导致A.franciscana所产后代均为休眠卵,说明Piwi基因不但在A.franciscana生殖发育调控起重要作用,而且可能在其繁殖方式决定过程中起关键作用。研究结果为两性卤虫Piwi/piRNA功能和分子机制调控的研究提供了基础信息,将有助于揭示Piwi基因参与调控两性卤虫生殖发育机制。     

南、北极海洋不同种类细菌分离株中DMSP-依赖型脱甲基酶基因dmdA的系统发育多样性

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) is mainly produced by marine phytoplankton as an osmolyte, antioxidant,predator deterrent, or cryoprotectant. DMSP is also an important carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria.Bacteria may metabolize DMSP via the demethylation pathway involving the DMSP demethylase gene(dmdA) or the cleavage pathway involving several different DMSP lyase genes. Most DMSP released into seawater is degraded by bacteria via demethylation. To test a hypothesis that the high gene frequency of dmdA among major marine taxa results in part from horizontal gene transfer(HGT) events, a total of thirty-one bacterial strains were isolated from Arctic Kongsfjorden seawater in this study. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that,except for strains BSw22118, BSw22131 and BSw22132 belonging to the genera Colwellia, Pseudomonas and Glaciecola, respectively, all bacteria fell into the genus Pseudoalteromonas. DmdA genes were detected in five distantly related bacterial strains, including four Arctic strains(Pseudoalteromonas sp. BSw22112, Colwellia sp.BSw22118, Pseudomonas sp. BSw22131 and Glaciecola sp. BSw22132) and one Antarctic strain(Roseicitreum antarcticum ZS2–28). Their dmdA genes showed significant similarities(97.7%–98.3%) to that of Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS–3, which was originally isolated from temperate coastal seawater. In addition, the sequence of the gene transfer agent(GTA) capsid protein gene(g5) detected in Antarctic strain ZS2–28 exhibited a genetically closely related to that of Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS–3. Among the five tested strains, only Pseudomonas sp. BSw22131 could grow using DMSP as the sole carbon source. The results of this study support the hypothesis of HGT for dmdA among taxonomically heterogeneous bacterioplankton, and suggest a wide distribution of functional gene(i.e., dmdA) in global marine environments.     

Influence of the Po River runoff on the bacterioplankton community along trophic and salinity gradients in the Northern Adriatic Sea

The Po River runoff strongly affects the oceanographic and ecological characteristics of the Northern Adriatic Sea. Catalysed reported deposition ‐ fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD‐FISH) analysis was employed to assess how the composition of the coastal bacterioplankton community is influenced by the river runoff in two different seasons (spring and autumn). Samples were collected from the water column along a coastal–offshore transect in the Northern Adriatic Sea at different depths. Four clone libraries were then constructed from coastal (0 m) and offshore waters (?65 m). Higher abundances of bacteria were recorded in coastal waters as compared with the offshore samples. This result was mainly due to the trophic state of the water column, and it was related to salinity. Particularly, Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were affected by the riverine inputs, whereas Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria showed only minor responses. This was particularly clear in the autumn sample, in which a clear difference between the coastal and the offshore samples was found due to a strong influence of the less saline river water with high nutrient concentrations. Analysis of 205 partial length 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated a high diversity with the dominance of Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria mainly affiliated to coastal and marine bacterioplankton clades. Actinobacteria were also detected and, together with Gammaproteobacteria, strongly follow the freshwater intrusion. Overall, our results indicate that the seasonal difference in the Po River discharge greatly affects the bacterioplankton community. In spring we observed a smooth transition from coastal to open‐sea conditions owing to the more superficial freshwater plume. In autumn the deeper freshwater intrusion in the coastal site and thermal stratification offshore resulted in a marked difference between the coastal and offshore microbial communities.     

Phylogenetic diversity of planktonic bacteria in the Chukchi Borderland region in summer

Planktonic bacteria are abundant in the Chukchi Borderland region. However, little is known about their diversity and the roles of various bacteria in the ocean. Seawater samples were collected from two stations K2S and K4S where sea ice was melting obviously. The analysis of water samples with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that DMSP-degrading bacteria accounted for 13% of the total bacteria at the station K2S. No aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria were detected in both samples. The bacterial communities were characterized by two 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Sequences fell into four major lineages of the domain Bacteria, including Proteobacteria (Alpha, Beta and Gamma subclasses), Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. No significant difference was found between the two clone libraries. SAR11 and Rhodobacteraceae clades of Alphaproteobacteria and Pseudoalteromonas of Gammapro-teobacteria constituted three dominant fractions in the clone libraries. A total of 191 heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated and 76% showed extracellular proteolytic activity. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the isolates fell into Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The most common genus in both the bacterial isolates and protease-producing bacteria was Pseudoalteromonas. UniFrac data showed suggestive differences in bacterial communities between the Chukchi Borderland and the northern Bering Sea.     

Detection of Vibrio (Listonella) Anguillarum Porin Homologue Proteins and Their Source Bacteria from Coastal Seawater

The molecular distribution of dissolved proteins in seawater from coastal marine environments in Uranouchi Bay, Kochi Prefecture, is first reported in this article. Occurrence of bacteria-derived dissolved proteins and their source bacteria were examined using a probe of the antibody (anti-Omp35La) against a porin outer membrane protein (Omp35La) of the fish pathogenic bacterium Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum. The electrophoretograms of dissolved proteins from coastal seawater showed a large number of discrete and individual proteins overlapped each other over a wide range of molecular masses indicating active processes in coastal environments in transferring proteins from organisms to the inanimate dissolved protein pool. Among the dissolved proteins, 37 kDa- and 18 kDa-proteins reacted with the Omp35La. In order to isolate the source bacteria of such dissolved proteins, bacteria from seawater and diseased fish were screened by colony Western blotting with anti-Omp35La. The reactive strains were further examined in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)/Western blotting to verify the presence of Omp35La homologues among the outer membrane proteins of such strains. Outer membrane proteins reacting with anti-Omp35La were detected in only 4 strains of the 129 strains that were positive in the colony Western blotting. The level of possible source bacteria of 37 kDa- and 18 kDa-dissolved proteins was suggested to be 5–6 orders of magnitude lower than the total bacterial count. The present study leads us to hypothesize that a minor portion of the bacterial assemblage is responsible for the dissolved proteins in the coastal waters.     

南极红藻Iridaea cordata和Curdiea racovitzae转录组分析及其极端光环境适应相关基因的挖掘

南极红藻具有重要的生态学功能和开发利用价值。南极极端环境赋予了其独特的生理耐受机制，也是发现新基因和代谢途径的理想材料。我们测序分析了南极产胶红藻Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory和Curdiea racovitzae Hariot的转录组序列，并与其常温近缘种进行了比较，同时挖掘了其与光限制和强紫外线辐射等光环境适应相关的基因。I. cordata和C. racovitzae的转录组序列分别拼接成了14055条和12006条非冗余基因，平均长度分别为1473 bp和1448 bp。在I. cordata转录组中发现多条与绿藻基因同源的捕光复合物LHC基因Lhca2、Lhca6和Lhcb，并且在两种南极红藻中都各发现了1条编码结合岩藻黄质和Chl a/c蛋白的Lhcf基因，目前尚未在其他红藻中发现这类基因。光裂解酶修复紫外线诱导DNA损伤，在I. cordata的转录组序列中发现了6?4光裂解酶，光裂解酶CPD I和CPD II基因，而C. racovitzae转录组序列中仅找到了光裂解酶CPD II基因。尽管南极红藻中这些特有基因的功能有待进一步的验证，但是本文为后续研究红藻的南极极端光环境适应机制提供了方向。     

北极王湾冰海沉积物类型及沉积作用

王湾作为发育于现代冰盖边缘的开放性峡湾,具有典型的冰海沉积特征,使其成为研究冰海沉积作用的良好场所.对湾内54个表层沉积物进行了粒度分析,并计算了其粒度参数.表层沉积物与其他地区冰碛物、冰水沉积物及冰海沉积物的对比,验证了应用粒度参数散点图在区分冰川亚环境过程中的有效性.参照冰海沉积物划分方案,将王湾的冰海沉积物划分为...     

中国沿海不同地区泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的遗传多样性分析

以采自海南海口、广西防城港、广西北海、广东湛江、福建漳州、山东荣成、山东威海7个地理群体62个泥蚶个体为材料,获取592bp线粒体COI基因片段序列,并进行遗传多样性及分化分析。多态性遗传参数统计显示:62个个体共检测出103个多态性位点,定义了26个单倍型;总群体单倍型多样性指数为0.834,核苷酸多样性指数为0.01665,平均核苷酸差异数为9.85772。7个群体均显示出较丰富的遗传多样性,群体内遗传距离及群体内遗传多样性参数显示中国沿海泥蚶遗传多样性由北向南呈升高趋势,而群体内遗传分化系数也呈现升高的趋势。基于26个单倍型COI序列构建的NJ树和UPGMA树以及基于群体间遗传距离构建的UPGMA树显示,荣成群体和威海群体亲缘关系较近,聚成一小支,而后与漳州群体相聚,然而南方类群并没有聚为独立的一支。     

Contrasts in genetic structure and historical demography of marine and riverine populations of Atherina at similar geographical scales

In this paper, we compare the genetic structure and the historical demography of two populations of the sand smelt Atherina boyeri from the rivers Tagus and Mondego (Portugal) with two groups of samples of the closely related marine Atherina presbyter collected on the shore at comparable latitudes. A. presbyter is a pelagic marine inshore fish, while A. boyeri is typically found in coastal lagoons, estuaries and freshwaters bodies. Analysis of mtDNA control region sequences showed that the marine A. presbyter did not display signs of genetic differentiation between sites some hundreds of kilometers apart. On the contrary, A. boyeri showed clear differences between populations. The populations of A. boyeri showed a much lower genetic diversity and younger coalescence times when compared with A. presbyter. We suggest that these differences reflect the interplay between differences in ecology between the two species and the historical impact of the glaciations. While A. presbyter likely moved to the south evading the cold periods, A. boyeri probably went extinct and its populations in Western Europe are recent recolonizations from western Mediterranean refugia.     

近海沉积物与水体中天然大分子聚合物降解菌的原位富集与多样性分析

本研究选取5种海洋动植物大分子高聚物或其天然组织，包括虾壳、鱼鳞、海带叶片、几丁质和壳聚糖，分别在海水表层和沉积物环境中进行富集，定期取样，通过高通量测序分析菌群多样性。结果发现，不同有机物原位富集的细菌多样性存在较大的差异，而且同种底物在海水表层与沉积物中的降解菌菌群差异较大。从物种多样性看，在海水表层环境中富集的鱼鳞样品种群最丰富，而沉积物环境中富集的海带叶片样品菌群多样性最低，除其优势菌群为热袍菌门外，其他所有富集物中优势菌均为变形菌门。其中脱硫杆菌科、黄杆菌科、脱硫弧菌科和弧菌科占有较大比例，脱硫杆菌科在所有样品中优势较大，黄杆菌科在海水表层环境样品中为优势菌群，弧菌科在沉积物样品几丁质和壳聚糖样品中占比较高。本研究通过对同种海洋环境中不同富集样品之间以及同种底物不同环境中富集菌群之间的比较，分析结果得到了原位条件下参与大分子聚合物降解的菌群种类，但有待于在更多不同的海域富集物中进行验证。     

中国近海外来囊藻(Colpomenia peregrina)种群遗传多样性研究

外来囊藻(Colpomeniaperegrina)是一种在潮间带分布广泛的褐藻,它能附着在牡蛎壳上进行跨海区扩散,因而是研究生物多样性变动和生物地理格局形成的良好模型。外来囊藻在中国沿海虽有分布,但关于其种群遗传多样性和分化研究的报道尚为空白。本研究采集了中国近海13个外来囊藻种群样本。通过扩增301条线粒体cox3序列,发现了26个单倍型;通过重建单倍型网络图和基于最大似然法与贝叶斯法重建系统进化树,发现外来囊藻种内遗传多样性较高, 13个种群划分为3个遗传世系,其中浙江南麂列岛的7个种群组成遗传世系A,辽宁和山东的样本则分化为遗传世系B和C。中国近海外来囊藻的这种种群遗传结构可能源于更新世末次盛冰期黄渤海、东海边缘海的环境变化和海平面的大幅下降。遗传世系A具有的较高单倍型多样性,其原因可能是南麂列岛独特的地理位置和潮间带环境的共同作用。