Re-Os同位素测年法在油气成藏年代学的研究进展

铼—锇(Re-Os)同位素应用于油气成藏年代学是近10年来的一个前沿领域,在国际上已取得了重要成果,目前国内对此方法的应用还较缺乏。利用Re-Os同位素测年法开展页岩或沥青等富有机质沉积岩的研究,可以精确厘定油气运移和充注时间,也可以有效示踪烃源岩。在阅读国内外大量文献的基础上,概述了Re-Os同位素定年原理,分析了海水—沉积物中Re和Os元素的富集过程,总结了Re-Os同位素测年的测试对象、样品准备和分析测试方法。指出初始187Os/188Os比值不仅可以限定油气生成和油气充注的年龄,还可以有效评价源—油关系;放射成因的187Os/188Os比值与烃源岩年龄呈正相关。认为烃类成熟度、生物降解作用和水洗作用不足以造成Re-Os等时线图中出现离散点,而初始187Os/188Os比值变化、沉积后Re和Os的流动性和硫酸盐热化学还原作用是引起Re-Os等时线图中出现离散点的3个主要原因。Re-Os年龄的重现性和准确性与样品颗粒的大小及取样量密切相关。相对于其他同位素测年法,Re-Os同位素测年法的最大优势在于对直接参与油气成藏的地质体进行研究,可以得到油气成藏期的直接证据。最后探讨了现阶段ReOs同位素体系研究中尚存在的问题,就未来研究热点和发展方向做出展望,以期能有效推动Re-Os同位素定年相关的理论和技术的深入发展。     

Re-Os同位素在沉积地层精确定年及古环境反演中的应用进展

Re-Os同位素亲有机质的性质,使得富有机质沉积岩在沉积的过程中能够吸附富集海水中的Re、Os,沉积岩的沉积压实过程也是其中Re-Os同位素体系封闭计时的过程,沉积岩Re-Os同位素等时线年龄代表地层沉积时代,Os同位素初始比值187Os/188Os反映沉积时海水的Os同位素比值。Re-Os同位素体系在富有机质沉积岩中的成功应用,能够直接确定地层沉积时代,从而对地层界线进行直接厘定,并且能够对一些沉积矿床形成时代、冰川事件发生时代进行厘定和限制。通过沉积岩Re-Os同位素特征,可以对古环境进行反演,有助于了解全球大气海洋的演化,气候的变化,对研究生物灭绝等重大地质事件发生的时限和机制以及金属矿床的成矿物质来源具有重要意义。文章阐述了Re-Os同位素在富有机质沉积岩中应用的原理,并列举了Re-Os同位素在沉积地层精确定年及古环境反演中应用实例,说明了富有机质沉积岩Re-Os同位素分析精度及其影响因素,以使Re-Os同位素体系作为一种强有力的工具,解决更多的沉积地层时代问题以及更好地对古环境进行反演。     

滇中昆阳磷矿成矿时代及沉积环境Re-Os同位素示踪研究

川滇黔地区下寒武地层中广泛分布一系列磷矿床,其中滇中昆阳磷矿是我国下寒武统梅树村期黑色页岩中规模最大的海相沉积型磷矿床,其成矿时代以及沉积环境对于矿床成因研究以及区域找矿具有重要意义。Re-Os同位素不仅能够对富有机质沉积岩地层进行直接定年,而且还能为物质来源及沉积环境示踪提供一种有效的技术手段。本文对昆阳磷矿中谊村段磷块岩和石岩头段黑色页岩开展热表面电离质谱法Re-Os同位素示踪及定年探索性研究,获得了石岩头段黑色页岩Re-Os等时线年龄为521.9±5.4Ma,直接限定了昆阳磷矿黑色页岩沉积时代。磷块岩187Os/188Os初始比值为0.6576~0.7671,黑色页岩187Os/188Os初始比值为0.887,另外磷块岩187Re/188Os值为2.582~240.5,而上覆黑色页岩187Re/188Os值为96.24~341.8,而且磷块岩、黑色页岩微量元素δEu和δCe值在垂向剖面上显示由低变高的变化特征,这些证据表明昆阳磷矿形成正处于大陆快速剥蚀时期,指示大量陆源碎屑汇入海洋参与成岩-成矿过程。综合前人研究,本文认为,在寒武纪,大气氧含量快速升高,加剧陆壳风化,大量高放射性陆源Os的输入造成该时期内187Os/188Os初始比值逐渐升高。另外由于全球海平面上升,导致滇中早寒武世梅树村组沉积期古海洋环境由浅水氧化向深水还原逐渐过渡,而昆阳磷矿形成于该阶段海进旋回沉积早期。     

黑色页岩与大洋缺氧事件的Re-Os同位素示踪与定年研究

地质历史中发育多次大规模的大洋缺氧事件并伴随有巨量的黑色页岩沉积, 对这些大洋缺氧事件发生时限及成因机制的研究已成为当前国际古海洋学研究的一个前沿领域。开展对大洋缺氧事件的研究,有助于了解古海洋演化、地球系统变化和地球其他圈层对生物圈的影响,以及金属成矿、油气形成及生烃环境。因此近年来人们从古海洋、古气候、古地理、古生物、大地构造和地质地球化学等学科,积极开展对大洋缺氧事件的研究。对大洋缺氧事件进行准确定年则是研究工作开展的首要任务之一;而如果用于定年的同位素体系能同时提供相关的环境变迁信息,则更加有利于我们对缺氧事件成因机制的认识。Re Os同位素作为近年来发展起来的一种新的同位素技术方法,恰好适用于对富有机质沉积岩和黑色页岩的定年,可以获得精确的地层沉积年龄,同时利用这些海洋沉积物的Os同位素比值还可获得古海水的Os同位素组成及随时间的演化规律。在中国华南地区新元古代—早古生代发育有多幕次的大洋缺氧事件和黑色页岩的巨厚沉积和广泛分布,利用Re Os同位素研究,不但可以精确厘定这些事件发生的时限,而且可以有效示踪当时的古海洋环境。     

华北地台东缘新元古代地层对比和宏体化石研究的进展和发展趋势

尽管利用多重地层学方法，对华北地台东缘新元古代地层的划分和对比研究取得了很大的进展，但仍然存在很多争议和问题。今后应在以下几方面展开研究：①寻找新元古代Rodinia超大陆热构造事件和冰川事件的地层学标志，厘定这些标志在地层柱中的位置及其与宏体化石演化阶段的对应关系；②结合碳酸盐岩中C、O和Sr同位素地层学研究，寻找和鉴别新元古代地层中的火山岩和火山碎屑岩，测定其中锆石的U-Pb年龄，解决与华南地区新元古代年代地层的对比问题；③划分“辽南生物群”和“淮南生物群”的不同生物组合，明确各组合的演化历程，深入探讨其谱系归属及与华南地区晚新元古代生物群的关系，完善华北地台东缘新元古代生物地层划分和对比的方案。     

富碳质地质样品Re-Os同位素体系研究进展

Re-Os同位素定年技术在富有机质沉积岩、低变质沉积岩、湖相沉积物、煤、油气藏样品等富碳质地质样品的尝试和成功应用,使其成为直接厘定地层沉积时代、重大地质事件发生时限和机制、古环境重建、油气藏直接定年、油气演化过程推演等研究的关键技术手段。然而,受到富碳质地质样品中极低的Re和Os丰度、采样方式以及地质作用等因素的影响,很多样品的Re-Os等时线年龄和初始Os同位素比值精度超过10%,不能有效地评价海水Os的真实来源和地质作用程度,影响了对不同沉积体系及油气演化过程中Re和Os的化学行为和Re-Os等时线年龄地质意义的理解。由此,本文从富碳质地质样品的Re-Os化学行为和地质应用进展出发,对富碳质地质样品Re-Os同位素分析过程中的采样和取样方式、溶样方法、分离富集方式和标准物质选择四方面进行了总结和完善。指出以沉积速率为采样间距参考,通过预处理方式提高样品的均匀性,使用流程空白更低、对同位素分馏影响更小的溶样方法和分离富集方式进行Re-Os同位素分析,以基质匹配的地质标样进行数据监控可进一步提高样品Re-Os同位素分析质量,有助于不同类型富碳质地质样品Re和Os赋存机制研究、Re-O...     

黑色页岩的 Re－Os 同位素定年

Re－Os 同位素是近年来发展起来的一种新的同位素技术，既可用于定年又能用于示踪。国际上如何对沉积岩进行精确定年一直是个难题。近年来的研究表示，Re－Os 同位素可以用于黑色页岩的精确定年，同时可用于示踪古海洋环境。笔者对华南下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩开展了 Re－Os 同位素定年研究，获得的等时线年龄为537±10Ma。     

沥青Re-Os同位素年龄地质意义解读

Re、Os亲有机质的特性使得Re-Os同位素在富有机质地质样品中得到了广泛应用;沥青由大量重组分有机质组成,对Re、Os具有较强的富集能力,并且沥青样品中Re-Os同位素封闭性较好,因此沥青Re-Os同位素已经成为当今国际上研究的一个热点。然而,沥青Re-Os同位素年龄究竟是代表烃源岩的沉积时代、油气成藏时代、还是油气藏破坏后油气运移时代,至今还没有明确的定论。本文对新疆乌尔禾沥青矿、四川矿山梁沥青矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素分析,结果显示,乌尔禾沥青矿Re-Os同位素年龄为269±9Ma,老于周围白垩系砂岩地层沉积时代,Os同位素初始比值¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os(Os_i)为0.367±0.028,小于二叠纪海水的Os_i同位素比值,表明得到的乌尔禾沥青Re-Os同位素年龄反映的是乌尔禾油气藏的成藏时代。矿山梁沥青矿Re-Os同位素年龄为537.3±5.2Ma,老于围岩(寒武系、奥陶系、志留系地层)沉积时代,Os同位素初始比值为0.716±0.028,与早寒武世海水的Os_i同位素比...     

略阳煎茶岭铜镍硫化物矿床Re—Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

采用矿石Re-Os同位素方法对陕西省煎茶岭硫化镍矿床矿石进行了成矿年代学研究,获得了878士27 Ma(1σ)的等时线年龄,首次厘定了该矿床成矿时代为新元古代,成岩成矿基本同时.通过对878 Ma硫化镍矿石初始Re-Os同位素体系的γOs计算和Re/Os值分析表明,其yOs和Re/Os值变化范围大,深部条带状矿石的Re/Os值仅为0.05,yOs为-6.70;块状矿石的Re/Os值范围为4.24～24.43,γOs为-15.37～+280.65,说明成矿过程中有壳源物质的混染;两件样品的γOs为负值(-15.37,-6.70),可能指示其超镁铁质岩浆来源于Re亏损地幔.煎茶岭超基性岩体年龄及其镍矿石的Re-Os等时线年龄与扬子克拉通北缘火山岩浆活动时间相对应,它们是扬子克拉通西北缘晋宁期构造岩浆成矿作用的产物.     

扬子克拉通峡东地区新元古代-寒武纪黑色岩系Os同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义

报道了扬子克拉通峡东地区新元古代至寒武纪含碳黑色泥质岩的Re-Os同位素和微量元素地球化学组成特征, 并对地层沉积环境的演化性质及其地质意义进行了讨论.研究表明: (1)峡东地区新元古代晚期-寒武纪早期细粒碎屑沉积岩Os同位素初始比值呈规律变化, 且具高Os同位素初始比值的层位与前人研究中发现的C同位素负漂移地层相对应; (2)南沱组冰碛岩具高放射成因Os同位素组成特征, 而其上覆盖帽碳酸盐岩为低放射成因Os同位素比值, 向上地层Os同位素初始比值表现为局部波动、总体增高的演化趋势; (3)微量元素U/Th比值与δU值指示莲沱组砂岩与南沱组冰碛岩具氧化环境的特征, 而陡山沱组、灯影组以及水井沱组底部黑色泥质岩则形成于相对还原环境; (4)Y/Ho比值和δCe值的负相关性特征指示部分地层沉积过程中有海底热液物质参与, 应为导致剖面上部分层位出现低放射性成因Os同位素组成的重要原因之一.高Os同位素比值和深海的脉冲式演化以及古生物群的产出之间很好的对应关系为探讨大陆风化与大气和海洋中氧气含量增加的联系提供了新的地球化学证据.南沱组冰碛岩Os同位素以及微量元素特征暗示其并非形成于完全冰封的地球表面环境, 而是存在较强的大陆岩石风化作用.      

贵州正安县奥陶系—志留系界线碳质泥岩Re-Os同位素精确厘定及其古环境反演

我国上扬子地台地区在奥陶系—志留系之交广泛发育蕴含丰富页岩气资源的五峰组—龙马溪组富有机质沉积岩。采用Re-Os同位素体系对该套沉积地层进行研究,不仅能得到精确的地层沉积年龄,同时根据Re、Os元素的富集机制,对该时期沉积环境进行有效反演,可以为这一阶段发生的地球历史上第二大规模的生物绝灭事件的触发机制提供更合理的解释。本文在贵州正安县班竹1井岩心采集11件碳质泥岩样品,岩心样品连续且完整跨越奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组界线地层,通过对该样品开展高精度Re-Os同位素研究,获得了奥陶系—志留系地层界线Re-Os同位素年龄为443.68±6.24Ma[2σ,n=7,(~(187)Os/~(188)Os)_i=0.699±0.019,MSWD=0.55],其结果与国际地层委员会发布的年龄(443.7±1.5Ma)高度一致,为奥陶系—志留系界线年龄提供了直接、准确的年龄依据。Os同位素特征反映了大量陆源碎屑参与成岩过程、多期火山活动的发生及冰期向间冰期的转换。连续沉积地层Re-Os同位素特征的变化反映了研究区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组沉积环境经历富氧—缺氧—富氧的变化,指示赫南特期冰川事件和火山喷发共同造成了生物大绝灭并促进了有机质的富集,为五峰组—龙马溪组富有机质沉积岩提供了生烃潜力。     

Advances in Re-Os Isotopic Dating in Geochronology of Hydrocarbon Accumulation

Rhenium-Osmium (Re-Os) isotopic dating applied to the geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation has been the forefront of international research in the last 10 years and has achieved significant achievements. However, our current researches are lacking in Re-Os isotopic chronology on the geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation. The successful application of the Re-Os geochronology has enabled the determination of accurate and precise depositional ages for Organic-Rich Sedimentary rocks (ORS), the establishment of timing constraints of oil generation or migration, and the fingerprinting of the source of oil. On the basis of literatures study both at home and abroad, this article mainly dealt with the principle of Re-Os isotopic dating and analyzed the accumulation processes of Re and Os in a seawater-sediment system. Meanwhile, the test samples, sample preparation and analytical methodology of Re-Os isotopic dating were summarized. The results revealed that the initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio could constrain the age of oil generation or migration, and effectively evaluated the relationship between source rock and oil. The radiogenic ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio showed a positively correlated relationship with source rock age. This article proposed that hydrocarbon mature, biodegradation and water washing had minimal or no effect on data scatter about Re-Os isochron. However, the effects of postdepositional mobility of Re and Os, variations in the initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio, and thermochemical sulfate reduction could result in data scatter. The reproducibility and accuracy of Re-Os age was also closely related to the sample particle size and sample amount. Compared with other isotopic dating, the biggest advantage of Re-Os isotopic dating is to study geological body related to accumulation process, and to obtain direct evidence of hydrocarbon accumulation period. From what was discussed above, the article discussed the existing problems and put forward the future hot research and development direction of Re-Os isotope system, so as to promote the deep development of relative theory and technology of Re-Os isotopic dating.     

Re-Os同位素定年对岩浆型Cu-Ni硫化物矿床成矿时代的制约

Re-Os同位素体系被认为是岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床直接定年的有力工具。通过研究世界级典型岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床的Re-Os等时线表面年龄,发现有时能得到成矿年龄,有时得到与成矿年龄不一致的表面年龄或根本得不到Re-Os等时线,还有时同一矿床的不同类型矿石给出不同的Re-Os等时线表面年龄。文章介绍了能够解释上述现象的理论模型。模型预测对与基性-超基性岩共生的Cu-Ni硫化物矿床,除一些特殊情况外,块状矿石可得到有地质意义的Re-Os等时线年龄,浸染状矿石常得到没有地质意义的假等时线;而浸染状矿石常得到有地质意义的Os同位素初始比值,而块状矿石给出的"Os同位素表面初始比值"往往没有地质意义。因此,建议在应用Re-Os同位素体系定年时要结合矿床类型、矿石类型以及成矿过程等因素综合考虑;对Re-Os数据的科学合理解释同样需要从矿床学和同位素地球化学的基本原理出发,结合矿床的实际情况,进行深入分析研究。     

湖南鲁塘石墨矿Re-Os同位素研究

石墨具有较高的Re、Os含量,可望成为理想的Re-Os同位素测年对象,但迄今国内外研究较少,尤其在煤层经变质作用形成石墨过程中,其中Re-Os同位素体系的变化还有待研究。湖南鲁塘石墨矿是我国典型的隐晶质石墨矿床之一,矿体产于二叠系龙潭组煤系地层中。本文采用Carius管逆王水溶解样品,直接蒸馏、微蒸馏分离纯化Os,丙酮萃取法分离富集Re,热表面电离质谱法对鲁塘矿区石墨样品以及外围原煤进行了Re-Os同位素分析。结果表明:鲁塘石墨的Re含量为0.901~9.794 ng/g,Os含量为7.3~189.5 pg/g,Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为155.6±3.6 Ma,该年龄与鲁塘石墨矿东侧骑田岭岩体第二阶段中粒黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄153~157 Ma一致,表明了龙潭组煤层受到骑田岭岩体"烘烤"作用,发生热接触变质作用,使得靠近骑田岭岩体原煤变质为石墨,形成石墨矿床。通过对比石墨、原煤和骑田岭岩体Re、Os含量及比值,发现石墨中的Re、Os主要来源于原煤,并根据石墨Re-Os等时线初始(187Os/188Os)i值(0.686±0.032),推测骑田岭岩体在侵入煤系地层过程中,有少量具有较低187Os/188Os值的Os被碳质吸附。     

贵州铜仁新元古界大塘坡组黄铁矿Re-Os同位素组成及意义

从贵州铜仁西溪堡矿区新元古界大塘坡组第一段“含锰岩系”中选取8件黄铁矿样品,对其进行了Re-Os同位素分析。结果表明其等时限年龄为(459±16)Ma,明显晚于间冰期大塘坡组的沉积时代（670～635 Ma）,表明该地区受加里东晚期的构造热事件影响。此次所分析的所有样品均具有高Re、低Os含量、高Re/Os比值及高187Os/188Os同位素比值,且187Os/188Os初始值为1.02±0.41,明显大于地幔特征值（0.12～0.13）,指示成矿物质来源于壳源。     

Concordant ages for the giant Kipushi base metal deposit (DR Congo) from direct Rb–Sr and Re–Os dating of sulfides

We report concordant ages of 451.1 ± 6.0 and 450.5 ± 3.4 Ma from direct Rb–Sr and Re–Os isochron dating, respectively, of ore-stage Zn–Cu–Ge sulfides, including sphalerite for the giant carbonate-hosted Kipushi base metal (+Ge) deposit in the Neoproterozoic Lufilian Arc, DR Congo. This is the first example of a world-class sulfide deposit being directly dated by two independent isotopic methods. The 451 Ma age for Kipushi suggests that the ore-forming solutions did not evolve from metamorphogenic fluids mobilized syntectonically during the Pan-African-Lufilian orogeny but rather were generated in a Late Ordovician postorogenic, extensional setting. The homogeneous Pb isotopic composition of the sulfides indicates that both Cu–Ge- and Zn-rich orebodies of the Kipushi deposit formed contemporaneously from the same fluid system. The sulfide Pb isotope signatures in combination with initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios defined by the isochrons point to metal sources located in the (upper) crust. The concordant Re–Os and Rb–Sr ages obtained in this study provide independent proof of the geological significance of direct Rb–Sr dating of sphalerite.     

石灰岩铼-锇同位素分析方法研究及应用初探

针对石灰岩样品Re-Os同位素分析,在选样和溶样方法上进行了改进,在Carius管封闭前加入HCl与石灰岩反应释放出大量CO2,然后加入氧化剂和稀释剂封闭Carius管溶解样品,大大增加了样品取样量。利用改进的方法对采自青海玉树地区二叠世九十道班组底部的灰黑色微细晶灰岩的Re-Os同位素体系进行了分析测定,得到了精确的沉积年龄(283.1±7.1)Ma(MSWD=0.61,Model1,n=7)。187Os/188Os同位素初始值为0.56±0.12,与二叠纪时海水的187Os/188Os值相一致,反映了石灰岩沉积时海水的187Os/188Os比值。所得石灰岩年龄与其中的生物化石年龄相吻合,并且与区域上岩浆岩锆石年龄相互印证,表明Re-Os同位素体系在该石灰岩中的封闭性较好。通过石灰岩中有机碳含量以及其中Re、Os含量关系研究,得出了Re、Os在灰岩中主要赋存于有机质中的结论。从原理上解释了Re-Os同位素体系在灰岩中的应用具有十分广泛的前景。     

Re–Os systematics of the Raobazhai peridotite massifs from the Dabie orogenic zone, eastern China

The Raobazhai ultramafic massif of the ultrahigh pressure Sulu–Dabie orogenic belt, central China, is thought to be a segment of subcontinental lithospheric mantle that was subducted and exhumed during the Triassic collision of the North China and Yangtze cratons. We performed a Re–Os isotopic study of peridotites from the massif, associated with major and trace element analysis and textural examination. Os (1.02 to 6.28 ppb) and Re (0.004 to 0.376 ppb) concentrations are typical of orogenic lherzolite values, and ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios (0.1157 to 0.1283) are all similar to or lower than the proposed primitive upper mantle value. ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os is roughly correlated with ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os, and strongly correlated with Al₂O₃. These correlations can be explained by radiogenic ingrowth of ¹⁸⁷Os since an ancient partial melting event. T_MA model ages (1.7 to 2.0 Ga) of refractory peridotites from the lower massif are consistent with the model age (1.8 Ga) obtained from the ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os vs. Al₂O₃ correlation at ~1% Al₂O₃. This age cannot distinguish the cratonic provenance of the Raobazhai massif, since similar Re–Os model ages have been obtained from both the North China and the Yangtze cratons. The poor quality of the ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os vs. ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os correlation indicates that the Re/Os ratios were disturbed, perhaps during Triassic subduction. The mainly lherzolitic samples of the upper massif, which were most strongly affected by this process, have porphyroclastic textures with fine-grained olivine, pyroxene and amphibole neoblasts, suggesting Re mobility during recrystallization in the presence of fluids.Previous studies of ultramafic xenoliths from arc volcanics demonstrate that slab-derived melts or fluids can both scavenge mantle Os and add substantial amounts of radiogenic Os to the suprasubduction mantle. In Raobazhai, both trace element patterns and the abundance of hydrous phases provide evidence for extensive interaction with fluids during subduction and/or exhumation. Nevertheless, the strong correlation between ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os and Al₂O₃, and the high Os concentrations of these rocks indicate that Os isotopic ratios, and probably even Os concentrations, were essentially unaffected by this process. Assuming that the arguments favoring a suprasubduction setting for the Raobazhai massif are valid, these data provide evidence that Os systematics are sometimes surprisingly robust, even above subduction zones.     

Further evaluation of the Re-Os geochronometer in organic-rich sedimentary rocks: a test of hydrocarbon maturation effects in the Exshaw Formation, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin

Re-Os isotopic analyses of a single organic-rich sedimentary rock unit (ORS) of known depositional age, and at three levels of regional hydrocarbon maturity, show that hydrocarbon maturation does not affect the ability the ¹⁸⁷Re-¹⁸⁷Os chronometer to yield a depositional age for such rocks. We present Re-Os isotope analyses from the Late Devonian Exshaw Formation in the subsurface of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Alberta, and obtain a Re-Os isochron age of 358 ± 10 Ma (2σ, Model 3, λ = 1.666 × 10⁻¹¹.a⁻¹) for samples ranging from hydrocarbon immature to overmature. This age is within uncertainty of the established absolute age for the Exshaw Formation. Hydrocarbon immature, and mature plus overmature samples show no significant age differences if regressed individually, indicating that hydrocarbon maturation did not greatly disturb the Re-Os isotope system in the Exshaw Formation. As such, we propose that the Re-Os geochronometer may be used as a reliable tool for measuring the depositional ages of ORS regardless of their level of hydrocarbon maturity. We find that minimizing natural variation in the initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio is more important than avoiding hydrocarbon maturation in obtaining precise Re-Os ages. In particular, the Exshaw Formation appears to contain a nonhydrogenous component of unradiogenic Os, in addition to the hydrogenous Os load. A subset of Exshaw Formation samples with >5% total organic carbon (TOC), which should best reflect the hydrogenous Os load alone, yields a very well-fitted isochron having a depositional age of 358 ± 9 Ma (2σ, λ = 1.666 × 10⁻¹¹.a⁻¹) with an initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio of 0.59 ± 0.05 (Model 3, Mean Square of Weighted Deviates (MSWD) = 1.8). The initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio of this regression may provide an estimate of the Os isotopic composition of local seawater at the time of deposition.     

含有普通锇的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年研究

通过大量数据统计,表明较高比例的辉钼矿中存在普通锇。普通锇可能以类质同像形式存在于辉钼矿样品中,理论上辉钼矿中可能含有较高含量普通锇。辉钼矿样品含有较高含量普通锇可能对Re-Os定年结果产生很大影响,从原理上并结合实例证实了普通锇含量对辉钼矿Re-Os年龄影响程度。对于一般辉钼矿样品来讲,如果187Os总量(放射成因187Os与非放射成因187Os之和)与普通锇比值小于20,需要考虑普通锇对Re-Os模式年龄的影响,并提出了对于含有普通锇辉钼矿模式年龄的计算方法。先做出187Os/188Os-187Re/188Os等时线,求得初始187Os/188Os值,再根据初始187Os/188Os值和单个样品的普Os含量求得非放射成因的普Os中187Os的量。最后根据Re含量以及放射成因187Os含量得到模式年龄。