多型航空重力仪同机测试及其数据分析

介绍了运8飞机加装4型5套航空重力仪开展同机测试的整体情况,对5套重力仪所获取的重复线和测网成果数据进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,俄罗斯GT-1A航空重力仪具有最佳的综合性能技术指标,平差前测量精度为±2.45mGal;美国TAGS航空重力仪为其次,平差前测量精度为±3.9mGal;SII型船载海空重力仪可改造升级为航空重力仪,并具有与TAGS同等的综合性能技术指标;国内自主研发的SGA-WZ01捷联航空重力仪具有最佳的重复线测量精度,测网精度接近于GT-1A航空重力仪水平,平差前测量精度为±2.96mGal,另一款自主研制的GDP-1重力仪首次成功实现了航空重力测量功能,平差前测量精度为±4.52mGal。     

SⅡ型海洋重力仪的特点及使用问题

最新引进LaCoste ＆ Romberg公司的SⅡ型海洋重力仪,是对S型海洋重力仪进行全自动化控制升级的新型产品,其操作使用模式已在很多方面不同于原有的S型海洋重力仪.在比较新老产品差异的基础上,探讨了SⅡ型海洋重力仪的相关使用问题。     

GT-2M型海洋重力仪数据处理若干问题的讨论

GT-2M型海洋重力仪是一种新型的重力测量仪器,其工作原理、输出的原始数据格式及质量均与KSS、LR等常用海洋重力仪有所不同,因此其数据预处理方法也需要调整。选择由GT-2M型海洋重力仪采集的得到的两个工区的原始数据,发现在正常场改正及厄特弗斯改正两个步骤区别于其他重力仪,另外不同的数据提取项也会对处理后的数据精度有一定程度的影响,针对这些问题进行分析研究,总结出适用于GT-2M型重力仪的数据处理流程,为相关人员的工作提供参考依据。     

《中国海军百科全书(第二版)》海洋测绘条目选登(9)

正haiyang Zhongliyi海洋重力仪(marine gravimeter)测定海洋重力加速度值的仪器。属相对重力仪。分海底重力仪和船载走航式海洋重力仪两类。海底重力仪用于浅海地区的重力定点静态测量;船载走航式海洋重力仪用于近海、远海和大洋的重力普查及重点海区的重力精密测量。海底重力仪由水下测量单元、电缆和甲板控制单元组成,水下测量单元包括重力传感器、平衡装     

基于DTU重力数据检查海洋重力测量成果的质量

在海上复杂的环境下进行重力测量,重力仪及技术人员的操作难免会出现各种各样的问题,导致测量的成果精度降低,甚至不符合规范要求。目前检查海洋重力测量成果质量的主要方法是内符合法,主要采用主测线、检测线交叉点的差值,或重复测线相邻点的差值来评估测量成果的质量。介绍了内符合法存在的弊端,比较了DTU重力数据与重力仪实测数据的精度,叙述了基于DTU重力数据检查海洋重力测量成果较大系统差的可行性,以模型数据为外符合数据源来检查实测成果的质量,作为内符合法的补充,是十分必要的。     

多型号海洋重力仪的海上比测结果分析

通过对GT-2M、KSS-31M和ZLS三种不同型号海洋重力仪开展同船环境下的同步系统测试工作,依据海洋地质调查规范要求对获得的测试结果进行预处理,在分析相同测量环境下各重力仪得到数据的空间变化特征和测线交点差的基础上,探讨其相应的技术性能和工作特点。可认为这三种不同类型重力仪的测试结果总体上差别不大,但在船只变速、转向和恶劣海况等因素影响下所表现出的技术特点有较大差异。     

A10/35绝对重力仪测试及性能分析

A10型绝对重力仪用于测量重力加速度(g),具有高精度、便携式和易操作等优点。介绍了A10的基本原理,并与FG5型重力仪进行了对比分析。基于A10/35绝对重力仪的室内和野外测量数据,分析了该仪器的稳定性和影响测量精度的主要因素。测试结果表明,不同环境下该仪器测量组间离散度均小于10×10-8ms-2,仪器性能稳定可靠。最后提出了实际使用的具体建议。     

海洋重力仪的现状和发展

重力资料的质量高低及其应用范围在很大程度上取决于所使用的重力测量仪器设备。目前广泛使用的重力仪大都为相对重力仪，自３０年代第一台海洋重力仪诞生以来，已有７０ａ历史，特别是近２０ａ来随着金属材料技术、电子技术、传感技术和计算机技术的高速发展，对重力仪的集成化、数字化、自动化方面有了重大的改进和发展，使它在轻型化、自动化方面有了很大的发展，更容易操作，更快速地取得测量资料。 本文根据最新的文献资料和对当前国际市场上海洋重力仪的发展情况进行介绍，并且介绍ＬＡ－ＣＯＳＴＥ＆ＲＯＭＢＥＲＧ公司生产的航空－…     

SII型海洋重力仪稳定平台颤动故障与排除方法

S型海洋重力仪是目前海洋重力测量中较为常用的一种仪器，其产品性能也逐步得到提高。介绍了进行全自动化控制升级后，最新引进的SⅡ型海洋重力仪使用中出现的稳定平台颤动故障现象及排除办法。     

KSS31M型海洋重力仪阻尼延迟时间修正后对重力测网精度的影响

对KSS31M型海洋重力仪阻尼延迟时间进行了修正,分别用修正前的110s阻尼延迟时间和修正后的60s阻尼延迟时间对南海某工区的重力数据进行了校正和处理,结果表明:用110s阻尼延迟时间对数据进行校正后得到的测量精度在平差前为1.6mGal,平差后为1.0mGal,用60s阻尼延迟时间对数据进行校正后得到的测量精度在平差前为1.4mGal,平差后为0.8mGal,平差前和平差后的测量精度均提高了0.2mGal。此结果证明了利用船只机动转向确定海洋重力仪在测量过程中的实际阻尼延迟时间方法的必要性和实际应用价值。     

港口内靠码头系泊船运动的计算

本文以英国南海岸处Ｓｈｏｒｅｈａｍ港内系泊船为例，研究了港口内靠码头系泊船运动的数值计算问题。该船的实船实验和模型实验已经完成，为验证本文计算结果提供了依据。运动方程在时域内求解。在计算船体脉冲响应函数时，引入了船体阻尼系数在频率很低时的渐近表达式和一迭代算法。分析了港内共振波浪和其对船体的作用力。讨论了靠码头系泊船运动的非线性特征。计算结果与实验结果符合很好。     

一种多层神经网络的学习算法

提出一种基于序贯预测误差方法（ＳＰＥ）的多层神经网络（ＭＮＮ）的学习算法。经模拟计算，它比传统的基于最陡下降方法的误差反传（ＳＤＢＥＰ）算法具有更好的收敛性能。并对这两种算法进行了模拟计算的比较．     

Mixing of A Non-Circular Jet into A Counterflow

An elliptic jet and a square jet flowing into a counterflow with different jet-to-current velocity ratios are investigated by using realizable k–ε model. Some computed mean velocity and scalar features agree reasonably well with experimental measurements, and more features are obtained by analyzing the computed results. After fluid issues from a nozzle, it entrains ambient fluid, and its velocity and concentration on the centerline decay with the distance downstream from the potential core (l0). The decay ratio increases with the decreasing jet-to-current velocity ratio α. For an elliptic jet, the evolution of the excess velocity half-width b and the concentration half-width bc merely remains constant near the jet exit on major-axis plane while they increase linearly on the minor-axis plane. However, the half-widths on the major-axis and minor-axis plane become proportional to the axial distance downstream after equaling each other. For a square jet, b and bc increase linearly with the distance downstream from the jet exit, but the spread ratio is larger on the middle plane than that on the diagonal plane before they equal each other. The radial extent of the dividing streamline rs or the mixing boundary rsc increases linearly downstream, and decreases exponentially after reaching a peak at xb. The ratio on the minor-axis plane is larger than that on the major-axis plane for an elliptic jet. The characteristics are the same for the square jet. b, bc, rs, and rsc on two corresponding planes become equal to each other more rapidly for the square jet than for the elliptic jet, because the sharp corner of the square nozzle induces secondary structures that are more intense. The distributions of the excess axial velocity and scalar concentration exhibit self-similarity for either the elliptic jet or square jet in the region of l0 < x < xb. On the cross section, four counter-rotating pairs of vortices, which enhance the entrainment between the jet and counterflow, form at the four corners of the square jet or at the two ends of the major-axis plane of the elliptic jet. The recirculation pattern formed by these axial vortices is more complex for the square jet than that for the elliptic jet. The turbulent kinetic energy k have large value in the region near the jet exit and stagnation point. The maximum value of k for the square jet is larger than that of the elliptic jet near the jet exit. This results in the square jet mixing more strongly than the elliptic jet.     

A STUDY OF MOISTURE BUDGET OF A TYPHOON

This paper deals with the study of moisture budget of the typhoon No. 7507. The results show that the mass convergence produced by divergent wind has made the maximum contribution to precipitation, especially at the lower level, accounting for about 70% of the total precipitation, and that the advection term of water vapor is very small. The vertical flux term is to transport water vapor from the lower level to the middle and upper levels, resulting in the increase of water vapor accumulation at these levels. Evaporation term also plays an important role in precipitation, accounting for about 13% of the total precipitation and 23% of the horizontal moisture convergence. The moisture of the typhoon comes mainly from its southern boundary and the secondary inflow of moisture is from its western or eastern boundary. All the inflow layers of these three boundaries are very deep, reaching up to 300 hPa, while the strongest inflow occurs below 700 hPa. In the northern boundary of the typhoon, we obtained that     

中国隆头鱼之一新属新种——尖尾新丝隆头鱼

在过去几年的西沙群岛鱼类区系调查中,我们曾在西沙群岛的东岛和永兴岛附近水域,先后三次采到5尾前所未曾见过的隆头鱼类标本,经过比较研究后,认为是一新属、新种,定名为“尖尾新丝隆头鱼”,(Neocirrhilabrus oxyurus gen. et sp. nov.)现描述如下:     

A Time-Domain Coupled Model for Nonlinear Wave Forces on A Fixed Box-Shaped Ship in A Harbor

A 2-D time-domain numerical coupled model is developed to obtain an efficient method for nonlinear wave forces on a fixed box-shaped ship in a harbor.The domain is divided into an inner domain and an outer domain.The inner domain is the area beneath the ship and the flow is described by the simplified Euler equations.The other area is the outer domain and the flow is defined by the higher-order Boussinesq equations in order to consider the nonlinearity of the wave motions.Along the interface boundaries between the inner domain and the outer domain,the volume flux is assumed to be continuous and the wave pressures are equal.Relevant physical experiment is conducted to validate the present model.It is shown that the numerical results agree with the experimental data.Compared with the coupled model with the flow in the inner domain governed by the Laplace equation,the present coupled model is more efficient and its solution procedure is more simple,which is particularly useful for the study on the effect of the nonlinear wave forces on a fixed box-shaped ship in a large harbor.     

一类种群竞争模式的定性分析

本文对J.Maynard Smith提出的物种竞争模式: x=x(a-bx-cy-kxy) y=y(e-fx-gy-lxy)作了定性分析,并给出两物种共存或其中任一物种死亡,而另一物种趋于确定值的条件。     

A STUDY OF THE WAVE FORCE UPON A VERTICAL BREAKWATER

Field measurement of waves and wave pressure in a given harbour were carried out in the years 1973 and 1977 and then the statistical analysis was made. Based on this analysis and the linear wave theory some problems concerning the total pressure spectrum and the total pressure crest value and trough value are discussed, and the method of calculating these quantities is given.     

A Numerical Model for Edge Waves on A Compound Slope

An edge wave is a kind of surface gravity wave basically travelling along a shoaling beach. Based on the periodic assumption in the longshore direction, a second order ordinary differential equation is obtained for numerical simulation of the cross-shore surface elevation. Given parameters at the shoreline, a cross-shore elevation profile is obtained through integration with fourth-order Runge-Kutta technique. For a compound slope, a longshore wavenumber is obtained by following a geometrical approach and solving a transcendental equation with an asymptotic method. Numerical results on uniform and compound sloping beaches with different wave periods, slope angles, modes and turning point positions are presented. Some special scenarios, which cannot be predicted by analytical models are also discussed.