硅灰石制备二氧化硅材料过程中的多型转变

研究了1Tr型硅灰石酸解形成二氧化硅材料过程中的多型转变和浸蚀方向。结果表明：1Tr型硅灰石在2mol／LHCl溶液中的酸解浸蚀方向严格受晶体结构控制，酸解初期晶粒首先沿{100}面方向浸蚀，结果导致衍射面的衍射强度增大；随着酸解时间的延长，[SiO4]单四面体与[CaO6]八面体共棱连接方向成为主要浸蚀方向，在XRD图谱中表现为d=0．298nm衍射蜂一直保持较大的衍射强度。特征衍射峰的相对强度变化特征表明．1Tr型硅灰石酸解形成二氧化硅过程中晶体结构发生了由1Tr型向2M型的多型转变，且酸解60min后的XRD图中各衍射峰的相对强度更接近于2M型硅灰石的衍射强度范围，其标志是d=0．299nm衍射峰成为最强衍射蜂。推测d=0．298nm左右的衍射峰强度在40min前主要来自1Tr型硅灰石的衍射面，40min以后变为2M型硅灰石的衍射面，并对1Tr型硅灰石的JCPDS 29-372卡片数据进行了讨论。     

机械力化学改性硅灰石机理研究

天然硅灰石矿物具有特殊的针状结构,白色,无毒,是橡胶、塑料的理想填料。添加硅灰石填料,可降低橡胶制品的生产成本,提高橡胶的力学性能,赋以橡胶自身所没有的特殊功能。其作用大小取决于硅灰石／橡胶界面的结合状态。硅灰石系亲水性矿物,与橡胶相容性差。界面能否形成良好的粘结,硅灰石矿物表面性能是关键。经超细粉碎、表面改性可以提高硅灰石表面活性,增强与橡胶的粘结强度。但是,当硅灰石经超细粉碎,粒度为微米级或纳米级,粉体容重为０－１５ｇｃｍ３,以表面化学改性方法加入偶联剂,经高温高速搅拌,不但破坏硅灰石的长…     

硅灰石改性研究

主要介绍了硅灰石表面改性工艺及流程,通过疏水性、浸润角、吸油率和粘度等指标评价硅灰石的改性效果,优化出最佳的改性工艺条件为:硬脂酸加入量为1.0%~1.2%,搅拌速度为900 r/m in时的改性温度为80~120℃、改性时间为20~30 m in。探讨了硅灰石改性机理,在一定的温度和时间条件下,经过强烈的机械力的作用,硬脂酸首先解离形成羧酸根离子[R—COO]-,羧酸根离子再与硅灰石表面的活性点产生化学吸附和化学键合作用,使硅灰石表面实现改性。     

湖泊底泥改性固化的强度特性和微观结构

将灰渣胶凝材料作为改性剂应用于湖泊环境疏浚底泥的固化处理,研究了改性淤泥的强度特性,探讨灰渣胶凝材料对淤泥的改性机理。改性淤泥的抗压强度试验结果表明,当灰渣胶凝材料质量掺入比为5 %时,能够显著提高改性淤泥的各个龄期强度;当掺入质量比为12.5 %时,28天强度可以达到1.55 MPa。改性淤泥的早期强度较高,后期强度能持续增长,同时具有良好的耐水浸泡性能。SEM分析表明,灰渣胶凝材料能与底泥颗粒中的活性物质发生火山灰反应,形成高强难溶的胶结物,使改性淤泥中大孔隙数量减少,改善了淤泥土颗粒之间的胶结性能。这说明灰渣胶凝材料是一种性能优异的底泥改性材料。     

油页岩灰渣制备人造大理石及其性能

利用油页岩灰渣、不饱和聚酯树脂为主要原料,辅助加入固化剂和促进剂,室温固化合成一种新型人造大理石装饰材料。运用实验系统研究原料配比、固化剂和促进剂用量、固化时间、树脂类型与填料粒度等因素对材料性能的影响,并确定了大理石制备的最佳配方。基层最佳配方（质量分数）：不饱和树脂1号为20%～27%、引发剂0.5%～2.25%、促进剂0.5%～1.5%、油页岩灰渣50%～70%、碳酸钙粉5%～20%;表层最佳配方（质量分数）：不饱和树脂1号为25%～30%、引发剂0.5%～2.0%、促进剂0.5%～2.0%、氢氧化铝40%～50%、碳酸钙粉20%～30%。采用该方法制备的人造大理石外形平整美观,压缩强度为79 MPa,弯曲强度为7.4 MPa,放射性比活度I_Ra和I_r分别为0.67、0.45,质量符合国家标准。     

硅灰石表面改性实验研究

实验以湖北大冶硅灰石为原料，初步探讨了硅灰石表达改性的工艺条件。经沉降体积法、表面接触角、红外光谱等方法检测和填充橡胶试验证实，硅灰石得到了改性且其填充性能有明显的提高。     

硅灰石质白色颜料的研制

针对硅灰石作为白色颜料的主要不利因素，对其进行超细粉碎和表面化学改性处理，改进硅灰石粉体粒度、粉体表面组成和表面结构，提高粉体的白度和折射率，进而提高遮盖力。改性后的硅灰石超细粉体具有良好的高级白色颜料性能。     

硅灰石的表面改性与特性研究

利用湖北某矿生产的硅灰石粉，探讨了以兼价的表面活性剂ＡＳ对硅灰石进行表面改性的条件流程，改性后的硅灰石转变为生硅灰石，并对其特性进行了研究，已用于管带橡胶，ＰＶＣ电缆填料和涂料颜料的试验。     

赤泥改性黄土的基本工程性质研究

为探究赤泥改性黄土的基本工程特性,进行无侧限抗压试验、直剪试验及渗透试验,得出赤泥改性黄土的最佳配比,建立了抗剪强度、无侧限抗压强度与电阻率的经验公式。通过动三轴试验,分析了循环动荷载下改性黄土的累积塑性变形、动弹性模量及浸出毒性。结果表明,随赤泥含量增加,改性黄土无侧限抗压强度和黏聚力都先增大后减小,当赤泥含量为15%时其28 d无侧限抗压强度达到3.5 MPa,较不掺入赤泥时提高约34.7%;改性黄土的渗透系数随赤泥含量增加先快速降低,至赤泥含量5%后趋于稳定;改性黄土的抗剪强度、无侧限抗压强度与电阻率呈良好的线性关系;改性黄土在循环动荷载下的临界动应力达600 kPa,最大动弹性模量比未改性黄土高出6倍,且其浸出液不具有浸出毒性。     

泥水盾构隧道废弃泥浆改性固化及强度特性试验

泥水盾构隧道施工产生大量的废弃泥浆,可能带来环境污染、侵占土地等问题,影响城市的正常运转。本文以厦门市某隧道施工现场产生的废弃泥浆为研究对象,采用化学固化技术处置泥浆,测试不同影响因素（固化剂种类、固化剂掺入比、泥浆初始含水率）对改性固化后泥浆抗压强度、pH值、含水率等特性的影响,分析固化机理并解释相关现象,获取最优固化剂种类、掺入比、泥浆初始含水率。对比试验结果表明最优固化剂种类为CERSM泥浆固化剂Ⅱ,掺入比为10%,泥浆初始含水率为100%。在此基础上,本文进一步探讨改性固化后泥浆的强度特性,28 d后固化泥浆抗压强度可达1.5 MPa,是普通水泥固化泥浆强度的4倍,可用做建筑填料,解决环境污染问题,并实现废弃泥浆的资源化利用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with