硅灰石与盐酸快速反应规律及应用研究

在反应体系pH≤1．5时，硅灰石与盐酸快速反应，经40－100min反应后，体系分为固液两相，固相为水合 二氧化硅沉淀及少量酸不溶性杂质矿物，液相为以溶胶形式存在的二氧化硅和大量CaCl2；当反应pH值在0．3－0．6时，液相中以硅溶胶形式存在的二氧化硅量最大，占总量46％以上。快速反应中仍存在少量具有慢速反应特征的柱状颗粒，该颗粒中心CaSiO3很难反应完全。快速反应产物经表面积较大，若在酸反应前添加有机助剂聚乙二醇（PEG）,反应pH值在0．3－0．6。反应时间40－100min，反应后用KOH溶液中和到pH＝4，可制备高比表面积多孔SiO2，比表面积＞430m^2／g，孔径1－2nm。     

富镁和贫镁坡缕石及其酸浸蚀产物的红外吸收光谱研究

本文对两个富镁和贫镁坡缕石的红外吸收光谱高频区的拟合结果表明,富镁坡缕石(p0)和贫镁坡缕石(g0)的八面体离子的配置有区别,前者除出现Mg3OH振动外,MgM2口OH振动的比例比AlM2口OH振动的大,后者则反之。经酸短时间浸蚀的和未经浸蚀的坡缕石红外吸收光谱相比,除部分吸收峰(如3560cm^-1)的峰形发生明显变化外,其余各吸收峰的峰形相似、强度稍有变化,且Siu-O-SiD的不对称振动吸收峰向低波数方向偏移、对称吸收峰向高波数方向偏移;坡缕石中790cm^-1左右的吸收峰的归属是不明确的,据实验确认它是由Siu-O-SiD的对称吸收所致;由985cm^-1、1030cm^-1、1080cm^-1和1200cm^-1左右4个吸收峰组成Si-O骨架振动吸收带的峰形、强度和峰位移反映了酸浸蚀过程中坡缕石的结构改变。两个坡缕石经360h盐酸浓度为1mol／L和3mol／L浸蚀后,所得产物的粉末X射线衍射谱虽仍具有坡缕石的衍射线,但它们的红外吸收光谱却只有与表面OH振动、物理吸附水相关的OH振动和几个SiO振动吸收峰,而无代表八面体振动、硅氧骨干中的大部分SiO振动和晶格中的结晶水的振动,说明酸对坡缕石浸蚀的最后产物是以硅氧为主。     

氟铁云母的晶体结构分析

氟铁云母是三八面体云母类矿物新种,属铁云母的富氟类似物.利用电子探针、湿法和原子吸收分析等手段并结合穆斯堡尔谱分析的结果,按O+OH+F+Cl=12及四面体阳离子数之和为4计算的氟铁云母经验化学式为:(K0.92Na0.03Rb0.02Ba0.01)0.98(Fe1.822++Fe0.493++Al0.19Mg0.18Li0.18Ti0.08Mn0.05Zn0.02)2.99(Al1.17Si2.83)4.00O10(F1.03OH0.50O0.47)2.00.其理想化学式为:KFe32+AlSi3O10F2.使用粉晶XRD衍射仪,采用毛细管装样和超能探测器相结合收集衍射数据/图谱的微区衍射新方法收集氟铁云母的粉末衍射数据,通过构建晶体结构模型和Rietveld法晶体结构精修并收敛到Rp=2.51%,Rwp=3.19%,Rexp=2.85,X2=1.253完成晶体结构解析.矿物属于单斜晶系1M型,空间群C2/m;晶胞参数:a=0.537 05(4)nm,b=0.929 95(6)nm,c=1.017 35(6)nm;β=100.465(5)°,V=0.499 64(5)nm3;Z=2.     

湖南湘谭锰矿次生氧化带中天然锰钾矿晶胞参数的修正

应用Rietveld -DBW 941 1和Pirum程序对湘潭锰矿次生氧化带中天然锰钾矿的X射线粉晶衍射数据进行了晶胞参数的修正 ,首次给出其晶胞参数 :a0 =0 .9974nm ,b0 =0 .2 86 3nm ,c0 =0 .9693nm ,β =91 .467° ,V =2 76 .66× 1 0 - 3nm3,同时指出天然锰钾矿晶体结构精细化的难点在于其呈隐晶质集合体的特征导致衍射峰宽化、背底高和不对称     

pH值对湿陷性黄土物理力学性能及微观结构的影响

酸碱污染严重影响岩土工程长期稳定性。利用无侧限抗压强度、湿陷性试验、抗剪强度试验,研究不同pH值对黄土物理力学性能的影响,并采用XRD、SEM进一步探究不同pH值对黄土的影响机理。试验结果表明,与对照组相比（pH=7）,pH值降低导致矿物成分衍射峰强度明显下降,且pH=3与pH=5中孔与大孔分别占比93.3%、89.9%,进而使无侧限抗压强度、湿陷性、抗剪强度下降。随pH值增加,在碱性环境中会生成大量胶凝物质,矿物成分衍射峰强度提高,与pH=7相比,p H=9与pH=11微孔与小孔分别增加25.0%、59.96%,使黄土物理力学性能得到提升。酸污染会降低黄土物理力学性能,而碱污染可提高黄土物理力学性能,可为黄土地区酸碱污染防治提供参考依据。     

广东南海蒙脱石铝柱撑前后高温热变化的差异

对广东南海蒙脱石铝柱撑进行加热发现其前后高温热变化有比较明显的差异：铝柱撑蒙脱石的结构可保持到700C，其001面特征峰仅由1．6898nm减小到1．5601nm；900C时蒙脱石特征峰消失，并有部分尖晶石和无定形相生成；1100C时生成莫来石、尖晶石和玻璃相，其显微结构为玻璃相覆盖的细晶结构。与之相应的原料蒙脱石700C煅烧后001面特征峰由1．5121nm减小为0．9704nm；900C煅烧后，蒙脱石层状结构破坏；1100C煅烧后，有明显的方石英的峰值出现，1200C热处理后，莫来石衍射峰出现。     

川西微晶白云母的X射线粉晶衍射分析

川西微晶白云母是一种新型的非金属矿物资源,采用X射线粉晶衍射分析对川西微晶白云母的进行了深入研究,发现该矿床存在白云母-多硅白云母矿物组合。该矿物组合中的微晶白云母和多硅白云母结晶度高,多型为2M1,其含量分别为80%和20%左右;二者都属二八面体型白云母类矿物,但d060和b值偏大,微晶白云母的d060=0.1502 nm,b=0.9012 nm,多硅白云母的d060=0.1505 nm,b=0.9030 nm;微晶白云母矿铝含量较低、铁镁含量较高,其原因是白云母晶体铝氧八面体中的Al离子被Fe、Mg等离子所取代,这一矿物组合是通过矿物类质同象作用所形成一种多硅白云母系列矿物。     

新矿物——汉江石

新矿物汉江石的理想分子式为Ba2CaV23＋[（Si3AlO10）（OH）2]F（CO3）2。矿物呈黄绿色、深绿色,显微镜下呈浅绿色、淡绿色;单斜晶系,空间群为C2,a=0.52050（12）nm,b=0.9033（2）nm,c=3.2077（8）nm,β=93.49（8）°,V=1.5054（8）nm3,Z=4;二轴晶,正延性,负光性,一组完全解理,干涉色为三级绿,多色性明显,浅绿色-黄绿-深绿色;折射率α=1.615,β=1.655,γ=1.700（589 nm）,2Vobs=114°～115°,2Vcalc=88.8°;显微硬度平均值203 kg/mm2,相当于莫氏硬度4;实测密度平均3.69 g/cm3,计算密度3.78 g/cm3。X射线粉晶衍射的强谱线有1.5866 nm（7）（002）、0.5340 nm（91）（006）、0.4010 nm（10）（ī14）、0.3209 nm（23）（027）、0.2676 nm（100）（ī110）、0.2294 nm（29）（ī37）和0.2008 nm（11）（228）。汉江石的晶体结构由硅酸盐结构单元TOT（二八面体型）和碳酸盐结构单元Ba2Ca（CO3）2F交替组成,可能有3个多型,即1M型,2M型和3T型。     

粘土矿物的X射线定量研究

Ｘ射线行射分析中，强度对比法是目前粘土矿物定量分析比较好的一种方法，其原理为矿物含量越高，它的衍射峰强度越强．但矿物衍射峰强度除与含量有关外，还与其他因素如结晶度、化学成分等有一定关系。因而，同种粘土矿物不同地区的样品，通常不具备同样的Ｘ射线衍射能力，如果用固定的比例系数进行定量分析，必然会影响其精度．本文作者用不同地区所产的粘土矿物进行定量试验，得出一系列强度比例系数（即权重系数），该系数与Ｂｌｉｓｃａｙｅ等人提出的固定比例系数相比，提高了定量分析精度．     

四川石棉县蛇纹石猫眼的红外吸收光谱研究

采用Fourier变换红外吸收光谱和X射线粉晶衍射技术对四川石棉县蛇纹石猫眼进行了研究。红外吸收光谱结果表明:四川蛇纹石猫眼可分为纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石两种类型,两者在(960-1100)cm-1和(3600-3690)cm-1的范围内由Si-O伸缩振动的E1类振动和OH伸缩振动表现出的红外谱带分裂强度及谱带特征存在明显的差异。在(960- 1100)cm-1间:纤蛇蚊石的红外光谱分裂成三个明显的谱带,而叶蛇纹石在此区间只有两条谱带。在570cm-1附近的红外谱带以肩状出现;OH伸缩振动区:纤蛇蚊石出现两条红外谱带,而叶蛇蚊石只出现一条红外谱带。X射线粉晶衍射结果表明:叶蛇蚊石具有d202=0．2522nm(I/I0=19)和d203=0．2430nm(I／I0=18)的特征谱线,而纤蛇纹石则具有d202、006=0．2446nm(I／I0=29)的特征谱线,d020>0．245nm近0．249 nm的特征谱线缺失。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of