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碳酸盐岩作为一种化学岩类其物性受成岩作用的影响十分明显,溶解作用是否发育直接关系到碳酸盐岩储层质量的好坏。碳酸盐矿物在埋藏环境中的溶解度与地层水的化学成分、环境的温度、pH等有着密切的关系。利用地层水化学资料,根据化学热力学的理论,通过方解石及白云石与地层水作用的平衡反应,计算吉布斯自由能变化ΔG,以此来判断方解石及白云石的溶解趋势,并建立了封闭系统中这两种矿物与水作用的热力学模型。根据这个理论模型,对塔北地区159口井奥陶系及6口井的寒武系地层水进行了ΔG的计算,结果显示,塔北地区碳酸盐岩与地层水反应的ΔG基本为负值,表明该地区总体处于碳酸盐岩溶解的环境,寒武系白云岩反应的自由能小于奥陶系灰岩,即在这种深埋条件下白云岩比灰岩更易溶解,这一点在实际岩芯资料上及前人的实验模拟中均有显示。塔北于奇地区自由能的计算结果也为负值,说明该地区强烈的充填作用并非发生在现今条件下,于奇地区现今的埋藏环境是有利于碳酸盐矿物溶解的,这一结论也在该地区奥陶系及寒武系岩芯上得到了验证。 相似文献
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中华人民共和国成立以来,在中国共产党的领导下,曾几次派遣科学考察队到西藏地区进行考察。在无产阶级文化大革命期间,中国科学院组织了一支科学考察队,于1966-1968年在东起亚东西到吉隆我国喜马拉雅地区大约50,000平方公里的范围内进行了考察。在地质方面,根据地层发育、变质程度和构造变形的不同考察地区可以分成南、北两条东西向构造带。南带的地层层序非常完全,而北带则只有石炭-二迭纪和中生代地层出露。在南带发现了奥陶纪、志留纪和泥盆纪化石,对中生代和新生代沉积地层进行了较详细的划分,从而初步建立了珠穆朗玛峰(以下简称珠峰)地区比较完整的地层系统。 相似文献
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从钻井测温曲线看地下水流方向及油气储藏条件——以川东南地区丁山1井为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实测丁山1井测温曲线显示:温度向井底持续升高,井口温度25℃左右,井底温度107.5℃。温度曲线在1 000~3 000 m深度范围内出现"上凸"的扰动现象。现今平均地温梯度纵向上分段明显:三叠系及二叠系地层平均地温梯度为23.94℃/km;志留系和奥陶系地层平均地温梯度较大,为37.27℃/km;寒武系地层平均地温梯度较低,为16.65℃/100m。根据地温梯度分段性特征与地层热导率、地层岩性的相关性分析认为地下流体垂向上升运动造成了温度曲线扰动。进而推断出下奥陶统—中寒武统的地层具有较高的孔隙度和渗透率,而中奥陶统—志留系的地层则具有良好的封堵性,而这种上盖下储的地层组合,对油气成藏较为有利,反映了川东南地区下组合良好的油气储藏条件。 相似文献
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前言我国的海相侏罗系有两种类型。一种是特提斯(Tethys)型,属于这一类型的有西藏、青海南部、新疆、滇西等地区的海相侏罗系,这些地层的岩性和动物群性质或多或少都能与欧洲、印度西部、东非甚至东印度群岛的侏罗系相对比。另一种是环太平洋型,属于这一类型的包括湖南、广东、东北等地区的海相侏罗系。除东北拉丹哈达岭有侏罗纪的海相沉积外,其余地区仅含有海相里阿斯统的中下部。关于在中国以及中南半岛地区特提斯型与环太平洋型两种里阿斯时期海相地层的关系,至今仍然不清楚。滇西是我国海相中生代地层发育比较好的地区之一,过去虽然经过洛齐(L.vonLoczy,1893年)和布朗(Brown,Coggin J.,1916年)等人的调查,但对中生代地层,尤其是侏罗系缺乏详细研究。 相似文献
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西藏申扎地区奥陶系地层组的建立不是根据岩性特征,而是根据地层中的化石组合和多重地层划分的原则。笔者认为,申扎组应被废弃,德悟卡下组底界应作修订,并对该地区奥陶系岩石地层单位进行了简要的时代讨论和对比。 相似文献
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The Songqi region, SW Henan, is an important bauxite province in China. The bauxite ore deposits occur unconformably on the top of Middle Ordovician argillaceous carbonates. The bauxite ores from the Songqi region are characterized by unusually high boron contents. In this paper, we report the mineralogical and chemical compositions of selected bauxite ores from the region. These new data, together with existing geochemical data of soils in the region, are used to evaluate the origin of boron enrichment in the bauxite ores. The compositional characteristics of tourmaline in the bauxite ores suggests that this mineral was likely derived from a meta-sedimentary protolith. Mass balance calculation reveals that tourmaline only accounts for a small portion of boron in the bauxite ores; the majority of boron in the ores must occur in other forms, possibly by ion absorption on the surfaces of diaspore and clay minerals. In the Songqi region, the Precambrian meta-sedimentary rocks are known to contain abundant tourmalines whereas the Cambrian–Ordovician argillaceous carbonates and the Upper Proterozoic shales are all enriched in boron in free ion state. We suggest that these rocks provided tourmaline and boron ion to the bauxite deposits in the region. Most known bauxite deposits in the Songqi region occur at the margins of boron-rich soil domains, suggesting that boron in soils is a potential exploration indicator for unknown bauxite deposits in this region. 相似文献
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In western Tasmania, Precambrian sedimentary sequences form the basement for narrow trough accumulations of Eocambrian and younger sequences. The main trough, the meridional Dundas Trough, is flanked to the west by the Rocky Cape region of Precambrian rocks within which major, apparently stratiform, exhalative magnetite-pyrite deposits are intercalated with metabasaltic volcanics and ultramafic bodies.The Eocambrian-Cambrian troughs apparently developed during extension of Precambrian continental crust. Early shallow-water deposition includes thick dolomite units in some troughs. Deepening of the troughs was accompanied by turbidite sedimentation, with minor limestone, and submarine basaltic volcanism with associated minor disseminated native copper. Ultramafic and related igneous rocks were tectonically emplaced in some troughs during a mild compressional phase. They contain only minor platinoids, copper-nickel sulphides and asbestos, but are source rocks for Tertiary secondary deposits of platinoids, chromite and lateritic nickel.In the Dundas Trough, Eocambrian-Early Cambrian rocks are separated by an inferred erosional surface from structurally conformable overlying Middle to Late Cambrian fossiliferous turbidite sequences. The structural conformity continues through overlying Ordovician to Early Devonian terrestrial and shallow-marine stable shelf deposits.A considerable pile of probable Middle Cambrian felsic volcanics accumulated between the sedimentary deposits of the Dundas Trough and the Tyennan region of Precambrian rocks to the east. A lava-dominated belt within the volcanics hosts major volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits, including those of the exhalative type, which in the south are enriched in copper, gold and silver, whereas in the north they are rich in zine, lead, copper, gold and silver. Cambrian movements along faults near the margin of the Tyennan region resulted in erosion of the mineralized volcanics, locally exposing sub-volcanic granitoids. Above the local unconformities occur unmineralized volcaniclastic sequences that pass conformably into Ordovician to Early Devonian shelf deposits. Ordovician limestone locally hosts stratabound disseminated and veined base metal sulphide deposits.Pre-Middle Devonian rocks of western Tasmania differ, for most part, from those in the northeast where deeper marine turbidite quartz-wacke sequences were deposited during the Ordovician and Early Devonian.The Eocambrian to Early Devonian rocks of Tasmania were extensively deformed in the mid-Devonian. The Precambrian regions of western Tasmania behaved as relatively competent blocks controlling early fold patterns. In northeastern Tasmania, folding is of similar age but resulted from movements inconsistent with those affecting rocks of equivalent age in western Tasmania.The final metallogenic event is associated with high-level granitoid masses emplaced throughout Tasmania during the Middle to Late Devonian. In northeastern Tasmania, extensive I-type granodiorite and S-type granite, with alkali-feldspar granites, are associated with mainly endogranitic stanniferous grelsens and wolframite ± cassiterite vein deposits. In contrast, scheelite-bearing skarns and cassiterite stannite pyrrhotite carbonate replacement deposits are dominant in western Tasmania, associated mainly with S-type granites. Several argentiferous lead-zinc vein deposits occur in haloes around tin-tungsten deposits. A number of gold deposits are apparently associated with I-type granodiorite, but some have uncertain genesis.The contrasting regions of western and northeastern Tasmania have probably been brought together by lateral movement along an inferred fracture. Flat-lying, Late Carboniferous and younger deposits rest on the older rocks, and the only known post-Devonian primary mineralization is gold associated with Creta ceous syenite. 相似文献
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Palynomorphs extracted from glacigenic sediments in Northern Ethiopia are latest Carboniferous-Early Permian in age. These sediments were hitherto thought to be either of Upper Ordovician or of Late Carboniferous-Early Permian age. The predominantly glaciolacustrine and glaciofluviatile sediments were deposited in glacial troughs and valleys that were eroded into Precambrian basement rocks and into Early Palaeozoic deposits, possibly equivalents of Upper Ordovician sediments in Eritrea. In the latest Carboniferous-Early Permian, glaciated uplands to the north of Ethiopia must have existed in Eritrea and/or in southern or central Saudi Arabia. 相似文献
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“仑山灰岩”标准地点在江苏南部句容县的仑山。1933年,俞建章在研究“仑山灰岩”中的头足类动物群时,曾指出:“仑山灰岩”的时代应属于早、中奥陶世。1935年,李捷等在系统研究宁镇山脉地质时,对“仑山灰岩”重新进行划分,把上部含鞘角石(Vaginoceras)动物群的灰岩归入中奥陶统,称汤山灰岩。 相似文献
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风成沉积是干旱或半干旱气候下的一种典型产物,包括石漠戈壁滩,沙漠和风成黄土。世界上研究得较详细的古代沙漠沉积的地质时代是侏罗纪、二叠-三叠纪、泥盆纪、下寒武世和前寒武纪,尤其是二叠纪最佳。在我国,已经报道的古风成沉积时代不老于白垩纪。1963年张步春和王景钵首次报道在广东河源红色盆地地层中,发现了风成斜层理和风棱石。后来,笔者在湖南沅麻红色盆地的白垩系中也发现有风成砂。 相似文献