东海西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带烃源岩生排烃史研究

为了深化西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带油气成藏过程的研究，优化勘探目标选择，在烃源岩特征分析的基础上，应用动态数值模拟技术，定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的生排烃历史，研究表明，浙东中央背斜带主要发育4套烃源岩系，其中始新统平湖组泥岩与煤层为主力烃源岩，具较高的有机质丰度=生烃强度与排烃效率，烃类排出具阶段性、多期次幕式排烃的特点汉平湖组为源岩的油气系统应是本区油气勘探的主要目标。     

东海陆架盆地丽水—椒江凹陷月桂峰组烃源岩特征及生排烃史

丽水—椒江凹陷是东海陆架盆地油气勘探的一个重要领域,目前处于较低的油气勘探阶段。基于现有地质资料,在烃源岩发育特征及有机质丰度、类型和成熟度分析的基础上,采用含油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了研究区月桂峰组烃源岩的生排烃史。结果表明,月桂峰组烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型以Ⅱ1型和Ⅱ2型为主,具有油气兼生的能力,总体上处于成熟阶段和高成熟阶段;月桂峰组烃源岩具有较高的生排烃强度,总体上经历了2次生排烃过程,但在不同构造单元存在明显的差异性。总之,以月桂峰组烃源岩为油气来源的含油气系统是该区油气勘探的主要目标。     

南黄海古生界烃源特征及资源潜力评估

南黄海海域广泛分布了海相古生界,区域地质研究表明,南黄海海相古生界主要发育4套烃源岩层系,分别为下寒武统幕府山组泥质烃源岩,上奥陶统-下志留统五峰组-高家边组泥质烃源岩,下二叠统栖霞组灰质烃源岩和上二叠统龙潭-大隆组泥质烃源岩。通过对这4套烃源岩沉积特征及地球化学实验数据分析,开展了烃源岩地化特征和生烃潜力的评价。评价结果认为,下寒武统幕府山组、下二叠统栖霞组烃源岩有机质丰度高,类型好,生烃潜力高,为好-最好烃源岩;上二叠统龙潭组、大隆组烃源岩,其有机质丰度高,但有机质组成以陆源有机质为主,为较好烃源岩;奥陶-志留系为一般烃源岩,在此基础上,计算南黄海地区的天然气资源量为2.75万亿m~3。     

冀东油田南堡3号潜山烃源岩特征

通过综合运用有机地球化学方法,利用实测和收集到的烃源岩数据,对堡古2井的烃源岩进行分析,从有机质丰度、有机质成熟度、热解产率和排烃门限对区内烃源岩进行了评价,研究了该井的有机生烃特征,结果表明,南堡3号潜山发育丰富的烃源岩,有机碳含量高,有机质类型以Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2型为主,烃源岩已不同程度地进入成熟 高成熟阶段.综合分析表明,南堡3号潜山具备一定的生烃条件和油气勘探前景,可作为下一步的重要勘探和开发目标.     

东海丽水凹陷古新统非典型湖相烃源岩及油气特征

东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷主力烃源岩为古新统月桂峰组湖相泥岩,已发现油气以天然气为主,含少量凝析油,与以原油为主的中国东部典型断陷湖盆存在差异。对月桂峰组湖相泥岩进行了综合评价,发现其存在不能生烃的死碳,烃源岩的热演化成熟度与烃源岩形成石油的转化参数之间存在差异。月桂峰组有机质主要来源于陆源有机质,湖相水生生物来源的比例变化较大。烃源岩地球化学特征与典型湖相烃源岩存在差异。总结了湖盆类型对烃源岩的控制因素以及不同湖盆类型烃源岩形成油气的主要特征,并与月桂峰组湖相泥岩及已发现油气特征进行了对比,表明月桂峰组沉积期发育过补偿和平衡补偿湖盆。月桂峰组泥岩为非典型湖相烃源岩。     

中国近海断―坳转换期煤系烃源岩特征——以西湖凹陷平湖组烃源岩为例

西湖凹陷是东海陆架盆地最重要的含油气凹陷,古近系晚始新统平湖组烃源岩是西湖凹陷主力烃源岩,晚始新世平湖组沉积时期西湖凹陷处于断―坳转换时期,平湖组为一套海陆过渡相煤系地层,形成于半封闭海湾沉积环境。本文对断坳转换平湖组煤系烃源岩的分布、母质来源和生烃特征进行系统分析。结果表明:断—坳转换下的煤系烃源岩广覆式分布,平湖组煤系烃源岩富含反映干燥针叶类裸子植物来源的异海松烷和潮湿蕨类植物来源的β-扁植烷等二萜类化合物,从斜坡带向凹陷中央具有β-扁植烷增加的特征。从显微结构上表现为富含树脂体的煤系烃源岩,其具有"早期利于生油、晚期持续生气"的生烃模式。正是这种分布格局、母质来源和生烃特征决定了西湖凹陷油气藏具有"东气西油"的分布格局。     

南华北地区二叠系烃源岩分布及地化特征

南华北地区二叠系烃源岩主要发育于太原组、山西组、下石盒子组和上石盒子组,以煤系烃源岩为主.通过对各类烃源岩丰度、类型和成熟度的分析认为,煤系泥岩为主要的有效烃源岩,太原组、山西组和下石盒子组有机质丰度较高;母质类型以Ⅲ型(腐殖型)为主,也有少量Ⅱ2型(腐泥腐殖型);二叠系下统有机质处于过成熟-成熟阶段,中上统处于低成熟...     

东海盆地H地区花港组烃源岩特征

随着东海盆地H地区油气勘探的发现,花港组烃源岩的勘探潜力也日益受到重视。通过烃源岩岩石热解分析、稳定碳同位素分析、镜质体反射率测定以及干酪根组分分析,对烃源岩特征进行研究。结果表明:氯仿沥青"A"组分中饱和烃和芳烃组分的碳同位素组成特征和碳同位素CV值显示研究区花港组泥岩烃源岩存在海陆相有机质;花港组烃源岩镜质体反射率Ro值为0.76%～1.11%,热解最高峰温主体介于440～465℃,已进入烃源岩热演化成熟阶段;泥岩烃源岩干酪根类型指数主体0,热解氢指数150 mg/g,花港组烃源岩发育Ⅲ型干酪根;泥岩烃源岩有机碳TOC主体0.5%,热解生烃潜量S_1+S_2主体1 mg/g,氯仿沥青"A"主体0.05%,为差泥岩烃源岩。研究区花港组烃源岩煤岩样品热解生烃潜量S_1+S_2主体100 mg/g,氯仿沥青"A"主体1.5%,氢指数HI主体275 mg/g,主体为好煤岩烃源岩。总之,研究区煤岩烃源岩品质优于泥岩烃源岩,泥岩烃源岩发育海陆相有机质,且陆相有机质丰度优于海相有机质。     

渤海海域庙西北洼烃源岩特征与勘探潜力

利用最新的三维地震、钻井、测井、烃源岩和原油分析化验等资料,对庙西北洼烃源岩地球化学指标、分布特征及成因环境进行了分析,借助盆地模拟和油源对比结果,明确了庙西北洼的主力烃源岩层系和勘探潜力。研究认为:庙西北洼发育东营组和沙一二段2套烃源岩,其中沙一二段烃源岩有机质类型好、丰度高、有机质成熟度高,为好—很好烃源岩,其排烃量占洼陷总排烃量的56%,是庙西北洼的主力烃源岩。油源对比结果表明,PL15-2亿吨级大油田的原油来自沙一二段烃源岩,进一步佐证了沙一二段为主力烃源岩,也预示了庙西北洼具有良好的勘探潜力。     

东海西湖凹陷油气成藏地质认识

以东海西湖凹陷勘深资料为背景，从盆地演化、地层层序、储集岩、盖层、烃源岩、圈闭等地质因素来深讨东海西湖凹陷油气成藏情况。西湖凹陷的烃源岩主要为泥岩和煤，储集岩主要为始新统平湖组和渐新统花港组的砂岩，基层的泥岩厚度大，连续性好，多种圈闭类型，配置好。总体看来西湖凹显的生、储、盖、圈等油气成藏地质条件好，是东海大陆架油气最丰富的地区。     

珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷油气差异分布特征

在烃源岩分布特征、有机质丰度、类型和成熟度分析的基础上,运用含油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了烃源岩热成熟演化史,探讨了油气差异分布特征。研究表明,文昌A凹陷各层系烃源岩分布广,厚度大,有机质丰度高;有机质类型文昌组偏Ⅱ1型,恩平组偏Ⅲ型,二者现今多处于高成熟—过成熟阶段。凹陷内烃源岩成熟时间早(文昌组约45.5Ma),现今成熟度高,以干气生成为主;凹陷边缘烃源岩成熟时间较晚(文昌组约30.0Ma),现今成熟度相对较低,以石油生成为主。凹陷现今油气差异分布的格局受制于有机质类型差异和热演化史不同,且下一步油气勘探方向,凹陷内以天然气为主,凹陷边缘以石油为主。     

民和盆地侏罗系生烃潜力与油气勘探方向

从有机碳含量、可溶有机质含量及其转化率、热解参数、饱和烃的生物表示化合物特征、有机岩石学特征几个方面分析了民和盆地侏罗系烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型和成熟度,并进行了地球化学特征分析和生烃潜力评价。分析认为盆地发育湖相泥岩和煤系两大类烃源岩,有机质以较富含低等水生生物原始母质的腐泥腐殖型为主,主要分布于中侏罗统。通过对盆地石油地质条件的评价,结合各区带落实认识程度和资料品质条件认为：武家鼻隆构造带是最有利的勘探区带,万泉堡鼻状构造带具有良好勘探潜力,大庄构造带是寻找浅层次生油气藏的有利区带。永登凹陷面积大,资源丰富,勘探认识程度低,具有良好勘探前景。     

Basin modeling of the Late Miocene Zeit source rock in the Sudanese portion of Red Sea Basin: Implication for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history

The Late Miocene Zeit Formation is exposed in the Red Sea Basin of Sudan and represents an important oil-source rock. In this study, five (5) exploratory wells along Red Sea Basin of Sudan are used to model the petroleum generation and expulsion history of the Zeit Formation. Burial/thermal models illustrate that the Red Sea is an extensional rift basin and initially developed during the Late Eocene to Oligocene. Heat flow models show that the present-day heat flow values in the area are between 60 and 109 mW/m². The variation in values of the heat flow can be linked to the raise in the geothermal gradient from margins of the basin towards offshore basin. The offshore basin is an axial area with thick burial depth, which is the principal heat flow source.The paleo-heat flow values of the basin are approximately from 95 to 260 mW/m², increased from Oligocene to Early Pliocene and then decreased exponentially prior to Late Pliocene. This high paleo-heat flow had a considerable effect on the source rock maturation and cooking of the organic matter. The maturity history models indicate that the Zeit Formation source rock passed the late oil-window and converted the oil generated to gas during the Late Miocene.The basin models also indicate that the petroleum was expelled from the Zeit source rock during the Late Miocene (>7 Ma) and it continues to present-day, with transformation ratio of more than 50%. Therefore, the Zeit Formation acts as an effective source rock where significant amounts of petroleum are expected to be generated in the Red Sea Basin.     

Petroleum retention in the Mandal Formation,Central Graben,Norway

Upper Jurassic organic matter-rich, marine shales of the Mandal Formation have charged major petroleum accumulations in the North Sea Central Graben including the giant Ekofisk field which straddles the graben axis. Recent exploration of marginal basin positions such as the Mandal High area or the Søgne Basin has been less successful, raising the question as to whether charging is an issue, possibly related to high thermal stability of the source organic matter or delayed expulsion from source to carrier.The Mandal Formation is in part a very prolific source rock containing mainly Type II organic matter with <12 wt.-% TOC and HI < 645 mg HC/g TOC but Type III-influenced organofacies are also present. The formation is therefore to varying degrees heterogeneous. Here we show, using geochemical mass balance modelling, that the petroleum expulsion efficiency of the Mandal Formation is relatively low as compared to the Upper Jurassic Draupne Formation, the major source rock in the Viking Graben system. Using maturity series of different initial source quality from structurally distinct regions and encompassing depositional environments from proximal to distal facies, we have examined the relationship between free hydrocarbon retention and organic matter structure. The aromaticity of the original and matured petroleum precursors in the Mandal source rock plays a major role in its gas retention capacity as cross-linked monoaromatic rings act on the outer surface of kerogen as sorptive sites. However, oil retention is a function of both kerogen and involatile bitumen compositions. Slight variations in total petroleum retention capacities within the same kerogen yields suggest that texture of organic matter (e.g. organic porosity) could play a role as well.     

华北中新元古界海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价

Marine carbonate rocks are widespread and their sedimentary layers are huge and thick.Many oil seepages outcrops are found in the Middle-Upper Proterozoic of North China. Combined with previous data, the paper discusses the evaluation criteria of marine carbonate source rocks.Many factors,such as organic matter types of source rocks,thermal maturity,mineral and chemical composition,paleotemperature and source-reservioir relationship etc. Should be considered. Therefore,the abundance cutoff criteria of organic matters in North China especially in the Southern area,needs further.In this paper,North China is divided into the north area dn the south area,and the organic matter type,organic matter abundance and degree of thermal evolution of organic matter in the two areas in overall and both of them are high thermal evaluation level.Furthermore,the majority of the organic matters of the source rock have been in highly over matured phase.Source rock mature period of Liulaobei Formation and Xuhuai Group in the southern area ids equal to that of the lower Xiamalin Formation in the northern area,the hydrocarbon generation capacity of Chuanlinggou Formation,and different organic matter types obtained with different methods on source rock research in the south area of North China are also put forward.     

西湖凹陷中-下始新统宝石组油气地质与勘探潜力

西湖凹陷是东海陆架盆地油气勘探潜力最好的凹陷之一。通过西湖凹陷宝石一井中下始新统宝石组井震资料,厘定了影响油气资源计算结果较大的关键参数,如烃源岩厚度、有机质油气产率、排聚系数等;建立了构造、沉积、孔隙度与油气生、运、聚模型,编绘了西湖凹陷宝石组生油岩厚度图、有机碳、Ro、生油气强度等值线图;采用BASIMS 4．5盆地综合模拟系统重现了西湖凹陷宝石组的地史、热史、生烃史、排烃史和运聚史,分析了宝石组空间展布特征与生、储、盖、圈、运、保等地质条件,提出并建立了宝石组合油气系统。利用多种方法定量计算的宝石组生烃量和资源量与西湖凹陷已证实的主力烃源岩系平湖组相似,认为宝石组是西湖凹陷又一重要烃源岩及油气勘探目的层系,拥有巨大的油气勘探潜力。     

New perspective of Miocene marine hydrocarbon source rocks in deep-water area in Qiongdongnan Basin of northern South China Sea

Drilling wells reveal that the organic matter abundance of Miocene marine source rocks in shallow water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin is relatively low with poor hydrocarbon generation poten- tial. However, in some drilling wells of deep water area close to the central depression belt, Miocene marine source rocks with better organic matter abundance and hydrocarbon generation have been found, which have achieved better source rock standard based on the analysis of geochemical charac- teristics. Although there are no exploratory wells in deep water area of the research region, through the comparative analysis of geochemical data of several typical exploratory wells respectively from shallow water area in the basin, central depression belt margin in deep-water area of the basin and Site 1148 of deep sea drilling in the South China Sea Basin, it reveals that the tendency of the quality of source rocks becomes positive gradually from delta to bathyal environment, which then becomes negative as in deep oceanic environment. Owing to the lack of terrestrial organic matter input, the important controlling factors of Miocene marine source rocks in the Qiongdongnan Basin are ocean productivity and preservation conditions of organic matter. The element geochemistry data indicate that the tendency of the paleoproductivity and the preservation conditions of organic matter become positive as water depth increase from shallow area to bathyal area close to central depression belt. So it is speculated that there must exist high quality source rocks in the central depression area where the preservation conditions of organic matter are much better. Besides, in theory, in oxygen-poor zone of oceanic environment at the water depth 400-1 000 m, the preservation conditions of organic matter are well thus forming high-quality marine source rocks. The result- ing speculation, it is reasonable to consider that there are high hydrocarbon generation potential source rocks in bathyal environment of the Qiongdongnan Basin, especially at the water depth 400- 1 000 m.     

构造生烃

生烃是岩石中所含的有机质产生流体有机化合物的化学反应。岩石有机质化学反应存在两种系统：封闭系统和开放系统，随着埋深加大，烃源岩越来越致密，岩石的化学反应逐渐由开放系统转变为封闭系统。目前的生烃理论仅仅是开放系统下烃源岩成熟与生烃理论，烃源岩成熟与生烃是不匹配的。封闭系统下烃源岩成熟与生烃是不匹配的，烃源岩成熟但不生烃，而是形成另外一种成熟的固体有机质。大多数情况是烃源岩为半封闭系统，烃源岩处于欠生烃状态。构造运动形成的断层和裂隙将烃源岩与疏导层沟通，烃源岩迅速由封闭、半封闭系统转变为开放系统。这种生烃系统的转变形成短时间内过量生烃，笔者将这种生烃作用命名为构造生烃，意味着构造运动期即为主生烃期，伴随着多次构造运动可以形成多个幕式生烃高峰。构造生烃理论开拓两个极其重要的勘探领域：第一，新构造勘探。以往认为已经过了生、排烃期的构造得以解放，如渤海湾郯庐断裂带第四纪圈闭不是过了主生烃期，而是正处于构造生烃的过生烃高峰期。以PL19-3为代表的油气运聚强度只有构造生烃能够解释；第二，超深勘探，特别是天然气勘探。深层勘探的下限将大大延伸，生烃门限，特别是生气门限将大大加深，仅生烃而言万米都不是天然气勘探的极限。