Basin modeling of the Late Miocene Zeit source rock in the Sudanese portion of Red Sea Basin: Implication for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history |
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| Institution: | 1. Oil Exploration and Production Authority (OEPA), Ministry of Petroleum, HQ, Khartoum, Sudan;2. Geology Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, 6803 Taiz, Yemen;3. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States;2. Chevron Energy Technology Company, Houston, TX, United States;1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Research Institute of Experiment and Testing, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China;4. School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;5. Dongguan Environmental Monitoring Centre Station, Dongguan 523000, China;1. Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary, Canada;2. Geological Survey of Canada, Quebec, Canada;3. Canada-Nunavut Geoscience Office, Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada;4. Ontario Geological Survey, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada;1. Petroleum Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Street, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran;2. Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Blvd. Azadi Sport Complex, Tehran, 14665-37, Iran;1. School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran;2. Geoscience Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran;3. APA Corporation, TX, USA |
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| Abstract: | The Late Miocene Zeit Formation is exposed in the Red Sea Basin of Sudan and represents an important oil-source rock. In this study, five (5) exploratory wells along Red Sea Basin of Sudan are used to model the petroleum generation and expulsion history of the Zeit Formation. Burial/thermal models illustrate that the Red Sea is an extensional rift basin and initially developed during the Late Eocene to Oligocene. Heat flow models show that the present-day heat flow values in the area are between 60 and 109 mW/m2. The variation in values of the heat flow can be linked to the raise in the geothermal gradient from margins of the basin towards offshore basin. The offshore basin is an axial area with thick burial depth, which is the principal heat flow source.The paleo-heat flow values of the basin are approximately from 95 to 260 mW/m2, increased from Oligocene to Early Pliocene and then decreased exponentially prior to Late Pliocene. This high paleo-heat flow had a considerable effect on the source rock maturation and cooking of the organic matter. The maturity history models indicate that the Zeit Formation source rock passed the late oil-window and converted the oil generated to gas during the Late Miocene.The basin models also indicate that the petroleum was expelled from the Zeit source rock during the Late Miocene (>7 Ma) and it continues to present-day, with transformation ratio of more than 50%. Therefore, the Zeit Formation acts as an effective source rock where significant amounts of petroleum are expected to be generated in the Red Sea Basin. |
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| Keywords: | Basin modeling Generation/expulsion history Zeit source rock Red Sea Sudan |
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