多层螺旋CT体部γ刀定位扫描技术的研究

目的研究应用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)进行体部γ刀定位的CT扫描技术.材料与方法应用美国GE公司生产的Light speed plus多层螺旋CT(4层)对306例胸部占位患者、141例腹部占位患者行γ刀定位增强扫描,对比剂的用量为1.2ml/kg,注射流率为2.5mL/s～2.8mL/s,通过CT扫描所得图像制定治疗计划.结果 CT增强扫描图像可以清晰显示病灶的大小、形态,标志点清楚,靶点确定均一次到位,组织对比度和空间分辨率较高.结论应用多层螺旋CT进行体部γ刀定位,采用合适的扫描方案及造影技术能获得较为满意的定位扫描图像,是一种安全有效的定位方法.     

超声造影与16层螺旋CT在肝脏肿瘤诊断中的对照研究

目的分析肝脏肿瘤超声造影后的组织血流特征与16层螺旋CT三个时期的强化特征,评价其临床诊断价值。方法:研究分析30例病例在超声造影与16层螺旋CT三个时期的各自不同的典型图像。采用经手背静脉注射“全氟显”超声造影剂,利用相干谐波成像技术分析三个时期表现,而16层螺旋CT采用高质量扫描模式,扫描参数:层厚7.5mm,通过拆分成1.25mm,螺距1.375:1,电压120KA,管电流280mA。增强三期扫描分别注射对比剂,动脉期16-25s,门脉期35-55s,延迟期是1min10s-3min。高压注射器单相注射,非离子型造影剂,注射速率2.5ml/s,剂量70-85ml,浓度300mg/ml,通过工作站的技术分析,明确肝肿瘤的强化特点。结果对30例肝脏肿瘤患者进行超声造影与16层螺旋CT检查,其中原发性小肝癌18例,5例小血管瘤,3例局灶性脂肪肝,3例转移性肝癌,1例退变结节。其中有2例超声造影未检测出肿瘤样特征性图像改变,而经CT检测出并诊断为小肝癌1例和退行性结节1例。所有病例均经手术、病理和穿刺证实。结论超声造影与16层螺旋CT对肝脏肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断均具有较高的临床应用价值。但对一些特殊肝脏肿瘤患者,联合检测可提高早期诊断的检出率。     

多层螺旋CT肝脏三期增强扫描质量评价的探讨

多层螺旋CT和高压注射器的应用，使全肝动态多期增强扫描成为可能，但具体应用中，要想获得满意的肝脏三期增强效果，技术因素和患者因素也不容忽视。本文从科室影像服务器中提取在线的肝脏三期增强影像资料26例进行主观评价和CT值测量分析，结果表明，所有病例影像显示均无不满意评价，其中门脉期和实质期显示满意率均为100％，但动脉期显示满意率为65．4％，由此看出肝脏三期增强扫描的技术难点在动脉扫描时机的把握上，能否正确设置造影剂注射后的扫描延迟时间至关重要，文中对能够影响扫描延迟时间的因素进行说明并提出相应操作对策。     

多层螺旋CT对急性结肠出血的临床应用价值

目的：研究多层螺旋CT对急性结肠出血的应用价值。方法：对临床可疑急性结肠出血9例患者行多层螺旋CT检查,采用动静脉双期增强扫描,并结合多层螺旋CT多平面重建、最大密度投影图像分析诊断,部分病例经手术或临床随访证实,部分与DSA对照。结果：9例临床拟诊急性结肠出血患者,多层螺旋CT明确诊断出血部位7例,出血显示率77.7...     

囊性肾癌多排螺旋CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:分析囊性肾癌的CT表现,探讨多层螺旋CT的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析11例囊性肾癌的临床表现、CT及病理资料。CT成像技术为采用64排螺旋CT平扫及三期增强扫描,并行冠状位、矢状位的多平面重建。结果:11例囊性肾癌均显示为囊性或囊实性肿块,规则或不规则,大小不一,均有囊壁增厚。其中壁结节占9例,瘤内分隔占4例,囊壁钙化占4例。囊壁及分隔厚薄不均,增强后可见囊壁、囊内分隔及壁结节的强化,主要呈"快进快出"的特征。多平面重建图像显示肿瘤细节及其与周围结构关系更加清晰。结论:囊性肾癌具有一些特征性的CT征象,多层螺旋CT多期增强扫描及多平面重建有助于明确诊断,但需与肾脏其他囊性病变相鉴别。     

子宫及子宫肌瘤多层螺旋CT灌注成像的初步研究

目的:探讨子宫多层螺旋CT灌注成像的方法及其在评价子宫肌瘤血流灌注状态中的应用.方法:对17例受检者先行盆腔常规平扫,然后对选定层面采用MultiScan序列进行多层螺旋CT灌注扫描,应用Perfusion CT软件包对灌注图像进行后处理,测量并记录子宫肌瘤(n＝18)及正常子宫肌层(n＝17)的血流量、血容量及达峰时间.结果:所有病例子宫多层螺旋CT灌注成像均获得成功;灌注成像显示子宫肌瘤灌注高于正常子宫肌层(t＝3.540,P＝0.001),子宫肌瘤的血流量、血容量及达峰时间分别为(54.87±19.09)ml·100g-1·min-1、(12.41±4.07)%和(18.61±5.31)s.正常子宫肌层的血流量、血容量及达峰时间分别为(32.82±17.68)ml·100g-1·min-1、(8.78±6.25)%和(20.64±5.71)s.结论:多层螺旋CT灌注成像为定量检测子宫及子宫肌瘤血流灌注状态提供了一种新的影像学方法.     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术对肺隔离症的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT后处理技术在肺隔离症诊断中的应用价值。方法:对13例经手术及病理证实的肺隔离症进行回顾性分析。所有检查采用64排螺旋CT扫描机,先行CT平扫,再行双期增强扫描,然后再行多平面重建(MPR),最大密度投影(MIP)及容积再现(VR)。结果:13例肺隔离症患者中,10例的病灶位于左下叶后基底段,3例的病灶位于右下叶后基底段,病灶CT平扫表现为分叶形3例,圆形或卵圆形3例,不规则形7例。增强及重建后13例均显示异常供血动脉。其中异常体动脉供血有9例来自胸主动脉,4例来自腹主动脉。结论:多层螺旋CT及图像后处理技术能准确显示异常动脉血供和引流静脉,在肺隔离症的诊断和术前评估中具有重大价值。      

在鼓室检查中应用高分辨CT与MPR-多平面重组技术

目的探讨鼓室的多角度CT显示技术.材料与方法应用GE Prospeed FⅡ双层螺旋CT机,对6例病人鼓室进行高分辨扫描,并以多平面重组技术重建冠状位、矢状位图像,将生成的图像质量与横断位像比较.结果重建图像清晰度良好,从不同角度显示了鼓室病变的形态及邻近解剖的关系, 直观性强, 可与横断面图像相媲美.结论鼓室结构精细,应用高分辨CT扫描模式,辅以多平面重组技术可获得令临床满意的多角度图像,有利于制定治疗方案.     

螺旋CT经下肢静脉注射造影剂增强检查参数的研究

目的:探讨患者螺旋CT经下肢静脉注射造影剂增强检查的最佳扫描参数,以便经下肢静脉注射造影剂达到经上肢静脉注射造影剂螺旋CT增强检查诊断图像效果。资料与方法:收集400例患者CT增强检查资料。其中实验组200例,由于长期上肢静脉注射造成静脉血管损伤严重的患者,在进行增强CT检查中,采取经下肢静脉(脚、踝部静脉血管为主)注射造影剂螺旋CT增强检查,注射速率以2.5～3.3mL/s,非离子型造影剂70～100mL,动脉期及静脉期根据组织器官均较上肢静脉注射造影剂延长延迟时间8～15s,螺旋CT扫描范围包括检查器官上下范围,病变区加扫薄层;对照组200例,经上肢肘静脉注射造影剂增强CT检查患者,依组织器官不同注射速率、非离子型造影剂量及螺旋CT扫描范围方法与实验组相同,动脉期及静脉期根据组织器官注射造影剂设定延迟时间。分析测量两组CT图像正常组织、血管及病变组织CT值和扫描曲线,进行统计学分析。结果:200例实验组经下肢静脉(脚、踝部静脉血管为主)注射造影剂螺旋CT增强检查病例与对照组200例经上肢肘静脉注射造影剂增强CT检查患者,增强检查图像质量经统计学分析相近。上肢动脉期CT值和下肢动脉期CT值配对比较,统计学分析t值为4.371,P=0.000,这两组存在显著性差异,具有统计学意义,即上肢动脉期CT值和下肢动脉期CT值存在差异。上肢静脉期CT值和下肢静脉期CT值配对比较,t值为-1.664,P=0.103>0.05,这两者的差异没有统计学意义,没有显著性差异,即上肢静脉期CT值和下肢静脉期CT值差异没有统计学意义,二者不存在差异性。结论:长期上肢静脉注射造成静脉血管损伤严重患者,经下肢静脉注射造影的增强扫描采取适当的增加延迟时间扫描完全可以达到上肢静脉注射造影剂螺旋CT增强扫描图像质量。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建对小肾癌的诊断及分型

目的：根据CT扫描图像及三维重建表现,探讨多层螺旋CT扫描对小肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断的价值,并对小肾癌进行分型。资料与方法：收集行多层螺旋CT扫描并经临床病理证实的43例小肾癌病例资料,就其CT表现进行分析并进行分型。结果：凸出型小肾癌23例,CT表现为肿瘤凸向肾轮廓之外或凸向肾盂、肾盏,增强扫描时,肿瘤内部造影剂呈明显...     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases