一步离子交换-多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高钙生物样品的硼同位素组成

硼是生物样品(牙齿或骨骼)中重要的微量元素,其含量和同位素组成可以指示宿主的食物摄入、迁移和健康信息,因此生物样品中的硼同位素是重要的环境示踪剂。但生物样品中钙含量较高(90%),无法采用常规的硼特效树脂分离流程进行硼同位素的分离富集。本文采用醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液(pH=6.0)替代以往使用的氨水作为树脂再生溶液,将硼特效树脂吸附硼的pH值从8～9降至6.0,从而避免了富含钙的生物样品在碱性条件下(pH=8～9)容易生成沉淀的难题,只需一步离子交换就能富集生物样品中的硼。样品经分离后其中的硼同位素采用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)的"标准-样品-标准"交叉法进行测定。结果表明:采用一步离子交换法分离富集,MC-ICP-MS测定生物样品(牙齿)中硼同位素的测试精度小于0.42‰,达到与其他分离和测试方法相同的水平。该方法不仅适用于牙齿和骨骼等高钙生物样品的硼同位素示踪,且为高钙土壤和海洋沉积物样品的分析提供了借鉴。     

岩石中硼的提取分离及同位素组成的测定

介绍了一种用Ｎａ２ＣＯ３＋Ｋ２ＣＯ３混合熔剂对石样品进行分解,用硼特效树脂和阴、阳混合离子交换树脂相结合进行岩石样品中硼的纯化分离的方法。采用该方法从岩石样品中提取、分离出来的硼能满足硼同位素质谱法测定的需要,不产生硼同位素分馏,硼同位素测定精度大多优于０．０５％。     

直接熔融热电离质谱法测定硼酸盐矿物中的硼同位素组成

为简化一些硼同位素样品的前处理过程,本文用直接熔融法,即待测样品直接在电离带上进行熔融后测定其硼同位素值。本文测定了柱硼镁石、电气石、钠硼解石、碳化硼、硼化硅等几种含硼化合物中的硼同位素组成,并与传统的溶样方法进行了比较。结果表明,直接熔融法可以快速且高精度测定上述几种化合物中硼同位素组成,相对内精度小于0.05‰,为此类含硼化合物的硼同位素测定提供了一种新的测试方法。     

有孔虫中硼的分离及其同位素组成测定的初步研究

本文初步建立了一种用硼特效树脂和阴、阳混和离子交换树脂相结合进行有孔虫中硼的分离和同位素测定的方法。该方法适用低硼含量 (纳克级 )的微体古生物中的硼的分离和同位素测定 ,分离过程不产生同位素分馏 ,满足了正热电离质谱法测定硼同位素的要求。     

沥青铀矿的年龄测定方法改进

本文对核行业标准方法“沥青铀矿、晶质铀矿的年龄测定方法”进行了改进。主要采用同位素稀释高分辨等离子体质谱法（HR-ICP-MS)测定铀矿物中的铀含量，提高了测量的准确度，提高了分析速度。此外，改进了铀铅分离流程，降低了全流程本底，大大减小了样品用量，提高了TIMS法测定铅同位素组成的准确度。     

Sm-Nd同位素准确测定的影响因素分析

通过对Sm-Nd同位素测定的流程分析,探讨了对Sm-Nd同位素分析的影响因素。采用HF+HNO3+H3BO3溶解样品,可有效地消除氟化物对REE回收率的影响;样品容器和分离柱的本底是全流程本底的主要来源;根据同位素稀释法误差倍增曲线,合理加入稀释剂的量可有效提高147Sm/144 Nd测定的准确度;稀释剂加入量对稀释法同位素比值测定的影响主要来源于稀释剂同位素组成测定的不确定度,通过数学迭代法,可对稀释剂同位素组成测定的质量分馏效应进行有效校正,提高稀释剂同位素组成的准确性。     

利用MC-ICPMS对水样中硼同位素比值的测定

采用Amberlite IRA-743硼特效树脂进行水溶液中硼的分离,对洗脱液温度、体积以及树脂动态交换容量等进行了实验.它的动态交换容量为4.2 mg/g,在室温条件下,用5 mL 2%HNO3可定量从树脂柱上洗脱被吸附的硼.采用Neptune型MC-ICPMS进行硼同位素组成的测定,1 μg/g浓度的硼标准溶液获得放大的信号强度约为0.7V,硼的化学分离过程有效避免了质量歧视效应.实验结果表明,MC-ICPMS对硼存在严重的记忆效应,通过采用5%HNO3-(1%HNO3 0.1%HF)-H2O-20%NH3H2O-H2O的交替清洗方法,可在约1 h内消除硼的记忆效应.在最佳仪器条件下,对含有250 ng硼的水样,可以快速测定硼的同位素组成,占δ11B测定的绝对偏差为0.4‰-0.5‰(SD).     

LA-MC-ICPMS电气石及白云母原位硼同位素测试方法及应用

多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICPMS)与激光剥蚀系统(laser ablation)的联用,为通过单矿物微米尺度的信息示踪地质过程提供了有利工具。作为非传统稳定同位素之一,硼同位素的应用受到地学界日益广泛的关注。本文利用LA-MC-ICPMS的分析优势建立了原位高精度分析高硼矿物电气石和低硼矿物白云母硼同位素的方法,分别使用电气石标准样品和玻璃标准样品对未知样品的测试结果进行了质量歧视校正,并对2个西南天山的实际地质样品进行了微区硼同位素测试应用。测试结果表明,仪器状态可以保持长期稳定,可以采用最小10μm的束斑对实际地质样品中电气石的硼同位素组成进行准确测定,也可对硼含量高于20×10-6的白云母进行原位硼同位素的准确测定;标定的实验室内部电气石标准样品T-PKU的推荐值为-13. 07‰±0. 42‰(2SD,n=66)。天山泥质片岩及脉体中的电气石和白云母的原位硼同位素特征为示踪与矿物平衡共生的流体来源提供了有效信息。     

用于多接收器等离子质谱Mg同位素测定的分离方法研究

利用多接收器等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)进行同位素组成的准确测定,必须首先对待测样品中元素进行分离纯化.目前,用于分离Mg的主要方法为阳离子树脂交换方法.然而,利用阳离子树脂不能有效除去Mg接收液中的Fe、Al,而溶液中Fe、Al会明显干扰样品中Mg同位素组成的测定.本研究结合离子交换法和共沉淀法,探讨了针对不同种类样品的Mg分离纯化方法,分离提取了实际样品中Mg并进行了同位素组成的测定.实验结果显示:①对于m(Fe)/m(Mg0.1、m(Al)/m(Mg)0.2、m(Na)/m(Mg)1的样品,经过AG50w-X12树脂一次交换分离,即可用于Mg同位素组成的测定;②对于m(Fe)/m(Mg)0.1、m(Al)/m(Mg)0.2、m(Na)/m(Mg)〉1的样品,利用AG50W-X12树脂二次交换分离,可以满足MG-ICP-MS对Mg同位素测定的要求;③对于含有m(Fe)/优(Mg)0.1、m(Al)/m(Mg)>0.2、m(Na)/m(Mg)1的样品,可先利用稀释50倍的稀氨水沉淀除去样品中的Fe、Al后,再经过AG50W-X12树脂一次交换分离,可以满足MC-ICP-MS对Mg同位素测定的要求;④对于含有m(Fe)/m(Mg)〉0.1、m(Al)/m(Mg)0.2、m(Na)/m(Mg)1的样品,可先利用稀释50倍的稀氨水滴定沉淀除去样品中的Fe、Al后,再经过AG50W-X12树脂二次交换分离,可以满足MC-ICP-MS对Mg同位素测定的要求;⑤运用所建立方法对海水和地幔样品进行了Mg的分离和同位素组成的测定,其中,青岛附近海水的同位素组成为:δ25MgDSM=-0.43‰.δ25MgDSD3=-0.84‰;葫芦岛附近海水的同位素组成为:δ25MgDSM3=-0.44‰,δ26MgDSM3=-0.85‰.     

硼同位素分析方法研究进展

硼具有两种稳定同位素10B和11B,其在自然界的丰度分别是19.90%和80.10%。自然界硼同位素组成变化很大, δ11B变化可达90‰以上(－30‰～＋60‰)。硼同位素的分析精度优于0.2‰,因此被广泛应用于多种地质过程的示踪研究。近年来,硼元素的提取、分离纯化和仪器测定技术均取得了可喜的进展,分析精度不断提高,为硼同位素地球化学研究奠定了良好的基础。本文从样品分解、化学分离和仪器测定等方面对硼同位素分析测试方法进行了归纳总结。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of