塔北与塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层成因对比研究

通过储层发育层段、储层类型、沉积演化、岩溶作用等方面的对比,发现塔北与塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层在发育层位、沉积演化及岩溶期次上既有相似性,也有差异性。在塔中地区的油气勘探中,应注意下奥陶统古风化壳岩溶发育与塔北地区的差异性,加强对上奥陶统礁滩储集体的勘探。     

松辽盆地梨树断陷营城组低渗透储层成因机制

松辽盆地梨树断陷营城组储层岩石类型以长石砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩为主,储层物性测试结果表明,该区储层物性较差,整体具有"低孔特低孔-特低渗超低渗"的特征。综合利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、图像分析及压汞测试等多种技术方法,对梨树断陷营城组低渗储层特征及物性控制因素进行分析,结果显示:储层主要的储集空间类型为原生孔隙、次生溶蚀孔隙及少量混合孔隙,发育压实作用、溶解作用、胶结作用及交代作用等成岩作用类型;成岩作用演化序列为压实作用→长石、岩屑溶解/石英加大→碳酸盐胶结→碳酸盐溶解;沉积作用和成岩作用之间的耦合关系决定了储层物性的好坏。在此基础上,采用反演回剥的方法进行成岩演化序列与孔隙结构约束下的储层地质历史时期物性演化史恢复。二者结合研究表明,研究区低渗储层成因机制主要为沉积作用主控、压实作用主导、胶结作用强化。     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区二叠系盒8下段致密砂岩储层特征

陇东地区是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气勘探的新区带,二叠系下石盒子组盒8_下段气层组是其主力产气层,该区沉积、储层和成藏等方面具有一定的复杂性,天然气勘探研究程度较低。结合测井资料、岩心观察、铸体薄片、物性等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地西南地区二叠系下石盒子组盒8_下段储层的岩石学特征、物性特征、孔隙结构特征进行研究,探讨了影响储层储集性能的主要控制因素。研究结果显示:盒8_下段储层砂岩类型以石英砂岩及岩屑石英砂岩为主,长石砂岩含量少,属于距离物源较远的高能环境产物。成岩作用过程中,砂岩储层经历强烈压实和压溶作用,碎屑颗粒和岩屑相互嵌合,伴有不同程度石英再生长,原生粒间孔隙大量消失,孔隙类型以粒内孔和岩屑溶孔为主,孔隙大小以微孔—中孔型为主。储层物性受沉积相和成岩作用共同控制。沉积相在根本上控制着储层物性条件,砂体结构对储层产生重要影响,切割型单砂体储层物性相对较好,拼接式砂体储层物性次之,孤立型单砂体物性较差。压实是造成储层物性致密化的主要原因,胶结作用中水云母是造成储层致密化的首要因素,储层溶蚀程度较低,对改善储层质量效果有限。该研究成果可对陇东地区盒8_下段的进一步勘探、开发提供可靠的地质基础和科学依据。     

Dolomitization of the Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks in the Geneva Basin,Switzerland and France

The Upper Jurassic carbonates represent important potential targeted reservoirs for geothermal energy in the Geneva Basin (Switzerland and France). Horizons affected by dolomitization, the focus of the present study, are of particular interest because they proved to be productive in time-equivalent deposits currently exploited in Southern Germany. The study is based on sub-surface samples and outcrops in the Geneva Basin. Petrographic analyses allowed to constrain the paragenesis of the Upper Jurassic units prior to discussing the cause(s) and effect(s) of dolomitization. Data reveal that the facies are affected by early and late diagenesis. All samples show at least two stages of burial blocky calcite cementation with the exception of those from the sub-surface, which display an incomplete burial blocky cementation preserving primary intercrystalline porosity. Dolomitization affected all units. The results point to an early dolomitization event, under the form of replacement dolomite. Dedolomitization, through calcitization and/or dissolution, is an important process, creating secondary pore space. Results of the present study favor a reflux model for dolomitization rather than the mixing-zone model suggested in earlier work. However, considering the geodynamic context, other dolomitization models cannot be excluded for the subsurface. The presence of secondary pore space might contribute to the connectivity of the porous network providing enhanced reservoir properties. These results are a first step towards a better understanding of the diagenetic history of the Upper Jurassic in the Geneva Basin. Moreover, it provides a reasonable framework for further geochemical analyses to constrain the nature and timing of fluid migration. The paragenesis and the dolomitization model hold the potential to help in ongoing exploration for geothermal energy beyond the Geneva Basin.     

同生-准同生期大气淡水溶蚀对微生物碳酸盐岩储层的控制作用:以塔里木盆地下寒武统为例

微生物碳酸盐岩是中国震旦—寒武纪古老地层的重要组成部分,勘探已经证实微生物碳酸盐岩可以形成储层,明确这类储层成因并进行有效预测对于古老碳酸盐岩勘探有重要意义。然而针对塔里木盆地寒武系微生物碳酸盐岩储层成因,尚未形成统一的认识,不同学者提出了诸如同生-准同生期溶蚀、埋藏/热液溶蚀或多种流体综合作用等成因解释。本次研究选择塔里木盆地西北缘什艾日克和肖尔布拉克剖面寒武系肖尔布拉克组为重点研究对象,通过露头和薄片观察、阴极发光和碳氧同位素分析等手段,研究了早成岩期大气淡水溶蚀作用对微生物碳酸盐岩储层形成的影响。结果表明:(1)研究区寒武系肖尔布拉克组识别出4种微生物碳酸盐岩岩石类型,分别是叠层石白云岩、凝块石白云岩、泡沫绵层白云岩和与蓝细菌相关的(含砾)颗粒白云岩;微生物碳酸盐岩建造具有复杂的孔隙系统,常见的孔隙类型包括晶间孔、溶孔、不同尺度的溶洞以及裂缝等,但是溶蚀孔洞是最主要的孔隙类型。(2)同生-准同生期大气淡水溶蚀是孔隙形成的主要原因,有三方面证据。一是微生物碳酸盐岩建造顶部发育小型溶蚀坑。二是新月形胶结物和胶结不整合现象表明经历了短期暴露。新月形胶结物通常被看作是渗流带成岩作用的产物。胶结物不整合是指在颗粒与埋藏期形成的粒状胶结物之间部分缺失了纤状等厚环边胶结物,这些缺失的纤状胶结物可能是准同生期被大气淡水溶解了。三是胶结物具有斑状中等亮度阴极发光特征,明显有别于表生岩溶与埋藏环境胶结物的阴极发光特征;此外大气淡水是导致微生物丘顶部样品氧同位素值较原岩负漂的原因。(3)储层具有非均质性,分布受微生物丘沉积结构和相对海平面变化控制。微生物丘可以分为丘基、丘核和丘盖三部分。其中丘基主要由凝块石白云岩组成,丘核以泡沫绵层白云岩为主,丘盖主体是含砾颗粒白云岩。储层物性丘核最好,其孔隙度平均为5.47%;丘盖次之,为4.27%;丘基较差,为2.01%。微生物建造岩石组成差异是造成储层非均质性的主要原因。     

沁水盆地武乡区块上古生界煤系页岩气储层孔隙特征和孔隙结构

储层孔隙特征和孔隙结构是影响页岩气赋存与储集的重要因素。为评价海陆过渡相高演化煤系页岩储层性质与页岩气储集性能,应用扫描电子显微镜、高压压汞、低温N₂和 CO₂气体吸附、微米CT扫描、核磁共振实验方法,对沁水盆地武乡区块上古生界煤系页岩气储层孔隙微观特征和孔隙结构进行了研究。结果表明,沁水盆地武乡区块上古生界煤系页岩样品中发育多种类型微观孔隙,常见粒间孔、粒内孔和微裂缝,有机质孔几乎不发育;武乡区块煤系页岩气储层样品孔隙总孔容分布在0.021 9~0.073 5 mL/g之间,平均值为0.039 9 mL/g,总比表面积主要分布在11.94~46.83 m²/g之间,平均为29.16 m²/g,其中介孔(2~50 nm)和微孔(<2 nm)是煤系页岩气储集的主要载体。煤系页岩中的高配位数孔隙数量越多,相应的孔容和孔比表面积越大,孔隙连通性越好;在孔隙数量和总孔容相差不大的前提下,山西组煤系页岩储层孔隙结构与连通性比太原组煤系页岩稍好。     

塔里木盆地塔东地区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层特征与勘探领域

塔里木盆地塔东地区下古生界碳酸盐岩勘探虽已获得突破,但储层类型和主控因素不清、有效储层分布规律不明一直是制约该区勘探领域评价和井位部署的瓶颈之一。基于露头、岩心、薄片、钻井、测试和地震等资料,综合地球化学分析数据,指出塔东地区发育5类储层,分别为奥陶系一间房组—鹰山组上段的灰岩礁滩溶蚀型储层、鹰山组下段—蓬莱坝组的溶蚀型白云石化储层、寒武系台缘丘滩白云岩储层、塔东低凸起上寒武统斜坡深水重力流型白云岩储层和上震旦统微生物丘滩白云岩储层。其中溶蚀型白云石化储层和台缘丘滩白云岩储层是塔东地区重要的储层类型,礁(丘)滩体和溶蚀作用是这两类储层发育的主控因素。在此基础上评价了两个现实勘探领域和三个风险勘探领域。     

苏盖特布拉克剖面肖尔布拉克组储层建模研究及其勘探意义

明确塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克组储层的品质、规模及分布规律对指导寒武系盐下领域的勘探具有重要意义。通过对柯坪地区苏盖特布拉克剖面的解剖,阐明了肖尔布拉克组主要发育与藻(蓝细菌)有关的微生物白云岩(层纹石白云岩、凝块石白云岩、叠层石白云岩和藻格架白云岩)、黏结藻屑白云岩、藻砂屑白云岩、泥—粉晶白云岩和含砂屑泥—粉晶白云岩,自下而上的岩相组合指示缓坡型台地沉积特征;孔隙类型主要为溶蚀孔洞,粒(晶)间溶孔和藻格架溶孔,总体具有中高孔—中低渗的特征,孔隙的发育与岩相具有明显的相关性,其中藻砂屑白云岩和具有格架结构的微生物白云岩储层物性最好;通过二维地质建模及基于数字露头的三维地质建模,揭示了肖尔布拉克组储层具有较好的层位性、相控性和规模性,古隆起围斜部位的中缓坡丘滩体是储层发育的有利相带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田长8_1储层不同成岩相类型可动流体赋存特征分析

针对鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田长8_1储层微观非均质性强、微观孔隙结构复杂、流体分布特征差异性明显等问题,利用核磁共振技术对不同成岩相类型储层可动流体进行定量评价,辅助以常规物性、图像孔隙、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞和恒速压汞等微观实验,分析不同类型的成岩相可动流体赋存特征差异性及其主控因素。研究结果表明,研究区主要分成四种成岩相,分别为绿泥石+伊利石胶结-粒间孔相、伊利石+高岭石胶结-粒间孔+溶蚀相、绿泥石+伊利石胶结-溶蚀相和碳酸盐胶结致密相。四种不同成岩相类型的微观孔隙结构有着明显的差异,微观孔隙结构差异是造成可动流体饱和度差异的主要因素。不同成岩相类型的储层渗透率与可动流体参数的相关性较强,储层物性越好,可动流体参数变化幅度越大;孔喉半径大小、孔喉半径比、分选系数、孔喉进汞饱和度以及粘土矿物的充填是影响不同成岩相类型可动流体赋存特征差异的主控因素。其中有效喉道半径、孔喉进汞饱和度、孔喉半径比是影响可动流体饱和度的主要因素,分选系数对可动流体饱和度影响较明显,储层物性对可动流体饱和度的影响较小。     

The Mineral Geochemical Discrimination of the Calcite Crystals in the Pores of Upper Ordovician Limestone and Its Environmental Significance: Take Tazhong Oilfield of Tarim Basin for Example

Based on the analysis of the morphology, order, cathodoluminescence and microelement of the calcite crystals in the pores of Upper Ordovician limestone in Tazhong oilfield of Tarim Basin, this paper suggest that the calcite crystals can divided 11 kinds of cements into three stages, and confirms their cementation sequence characteristics and formation environment. First stage of the cementation occurred on the bottom of the diagenetic environment, the product of which mainly are microcrystalline, fine shape, radiation fibrous, fasciculation, radiation axis shape calcites and a ball-like aragonite, whose filling pore is 0%–30%; the second one occurred in the atmospheric fresh water environment, with main cement types of crescent or pendulous shape, vadose silt, hyperplasia of coaxial, the filling pore of which is 5%–100%; the third one occurred in a burial environment, the crystals of which are bright and thick, mainly coarse sparry and poikilitic calcite, with filling pore of 5%–5%. In this paper, influence from each stage of cementation on porosity is analyzed, and pore evolution is established.     

塔里木盆地下奥陶统蓬莱坝组白云岩成因及储层主控因素分析——以巴楚大班塔格剖面为例

寒武系-下奥陶统白云岩是塔里木盆地非常重要的勘探接替领域,但由于白云岩埋藏深度大,勘探和研究程度低,目前的认识程度无法满足勘探的需求,尤其是白云岩储层成因和分布的认识。本文以巴楚地区大班塔格剖面蓬莱组白云岩的精细解剖为例,测制解剖剖面9条,采集样品195块,系统的开展了岩石薄片、物性及地球化学特征分析,取得了两个方面的新的认识。1)是塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组发育粉晶、细晶、中晶和粗晶四种白云岩,主要形成于早-中埋藏期与海源流体有关的白云石化作用中,局部受到热液改造,其晶粒大小与原岩结构的粗细及孔隙空间的大小有关,原岩结构粗,形成的白云石晶粒就粗,原岩孔隙空间大,白云石晶粒就大。2)是白云岩储层的分布具成层性和旋回性,孔隙发育段总体位于向上变浅旋回的顶部,与高频旋回的暴露面有关,其载体以细-粗晶白云岩为主,孔隙主体来自原岩孔隙的继承和再调整,少量来自埋藏(热液)溶蚀作用,而并不是传统观点所认为的白云石化作用建造孔隙,这一认识对塔里木盆地深层白云岩有效储层预测具重要的指导意义。     

Reservoir Quality and Porosity Preservation of Tertiary Sandstones in Tarim Basin

Tarimbasinhasbeenmoreattractingtotheoi1communi-tyallovertheworldsincerecentdiscoveries.Withanareaof56ooookm2,Tarimbasinisthelargestsedimentarybasin'inChinaandalsooneofthelargestintracratonicbasinsintheworld.ThebasinissurroundedbyTianshan,KunlunshanandArjinshanuplift.Theclimateisaridandwarm,andthesur-faceiscoveredbydesertandgopi.Despitetheharshphysicalconditionsinthisregion,recentexplorationhasshownthatthebasinpossessesmultiplehydrocarbonhorizonsandabun-danthydrocarbonreserves.Petroleumgeolo…     

Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Pore Structure of Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoirs: Evidence from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kelasu Thrust Belts,Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin of West China

Deeply buried Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike sandstones are important gas exploration targets in the Kelasu thrust belt, Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin in China. The sandstones are characterized by low porosity, low permeability and strong microscopic heterogeneity due to diagenesis during their geologic history. Mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical analyses combined with high‐pressure mercury injection analysis have been used to investigate the diagenesis, diagenetic minerals, and their impact on reservoir quality. This article addresses the controls exerted by depositional parameters and diagenetic modifications on pore‐network characteristics (porosity, pore types, sizes, shapes, and distribution), with the aim to unravel the formation mechanisms of this complex pore structures, and to improve the characterization and classification evaluation for the Bashijiqike sandstone reservoirs. The Bashijiqike sandstones are dominated by lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenite. The pore system consists of intergranular macropores, intergranular micropores, and intragranular pores. Framework grains are generally heavily compacted. Authigenic quartz, authigenic feldspar, clay minerals and carbonates are the major pore‐filling constituents. The pore structure is characterized by small pore radius and poor interconnectivity. Entry pressure reflects the microscopic pore network and macroscopic reservoir property characteristics. Pore structure characteristics are linked to the depositional parameters, type and degree of diagenesis. Clays do not control reservoir pore networks alone, and pores and pore throats are wider in coarser grained sandstones. Entry pressure decreases with the content of the rigid quartz. Compaction and cementation continue to decrease the pore‐throat size, while dissolution enlarges pores and pore‐throats radius. Considerable amounts of microporosity associated with clay minerals and altered grains contribute to the high entry pressure. Comprehensive Coefficient of Diagenesis (CCD), which considers the integrative effect of diagenesis, shows strong statistical correlations with entry pressure. CCD is an integrative modulus of diagenesis and physical property, and generally the higher the values are, the better the pore structure. It is suitable for quantitatively characterizing pore structure in tight gas sandstones. The results of this work can help assess pore‐network characteristics like the Bashijiqike sandstones which had experienced strong diagenetic modifications during their geological history.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界层序格架内的成岩作用

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界主要发育石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩、杂砂岩、“牛毛毡砂岩”、黑色石英砂岩等五种砂岩类型。这些砂岩具有成份成熟度较高、结构成熟度中—低、以正粒序为主、粒级普遍为中粗粒、储层填隙物类型多、含量变化大的特点。经历了三个重要成岩阶段:早成岩压实期—原生孔隙大量破坏损失期，中成岩A期—有机酸溶蚀—次生孔隙发育期，中成岩B期—埋藏压溶再胶结成岩期。在SQ8主要发育压溶、高岭石溶蚀、石英次生加大等成岩作用。SQ11主要发育硅质胶结、碳酸盐胶结成岩作用。成岩相可分为三级五类，即Ⅰ强压溶—石英加大相；Ⅱ压溶—碳酸盐溶蚀—高岭石交代相及溶蚀—弱杂基充填—高岭石交代相；Ⅲ强压实—粘土胶结相及强压实—碳酸盐胶结、交代相。区内储层整体为低孔低渗的致密砂岩储层，以发育次生孔隙为主，包括粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和高岭石晶间孔，原生孔隙较少保留。通过对沉积砂体展布、储层成岩相类型及储集性能的综合分析，对有利的储层分布区带进行了预测。     

塔里木盆地西北地区震旦系苏盖特布拉克组潮坪相碎屑岩成岩作用与成岩演化研究

塔里木盆地西北地区苏盖特布拉克组发育一套潮坪相沉积,是该层系油气勘探的主要目标。基于什艾日克剖面、奇格布拉克剖面、肖尔布拉克剖面的地质测量,采用薄片鉴定、阴极发光、扫描电镜、流体包裹体测温及黏土矿物X衍射等分析手段开展海相碎屑岩成岩作用和成岩演化研究,为塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克组进一步开展油气勘探部署和甜点储层预测提供地质依据。结果表明：（1）研究区苏盖特布拉克组发育潮坪沉积环境的砂体,砂岩类型以岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩为主,偶见长石岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度中等;（2）苏盖特布拉克组砂岩经历了压实（溶）作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用及交代作用等成岩作用,压实作用是造成储层致密的直接原因,钙质胶结和硅质胶结是储层致密化的根本因素;（3）苏盖特布拉克组砂岩的成岩演化阶段已达到中成岩B期,成岩演化序列为：压实作用/自生黏土矿物（绿泥石）环边—第一期长石、岩屑溶蚀作用—第一期硅质胶结—第一期泥微晶方解石胶结/压溶作用/黏土矿物的伊利化—第二次硅质胶结/第二期铁方解石胶结—钙质胶结物溶蚀。据此建立的成岩演化模式为塔里木盆地超深层致密砂岩中甜点储层预测提供可靠的地质依据。     

塔北埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组多类型共生鲕粒特征及其成因探讨*

碳酸盐岩中的鲕粒是古沉积环境重建的重要载体之一。塔里木盆地北部露头剖面、星火1井区埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组潟湖相及浅滩相沉积中发现了多种类型鲕粒及其共生现象。文中通过剖面详勘、岩心观察以及薄铸片、阴极发光、环境扫描电镜等研究方法,阐明了不同类型鲕粒的基本特征及分布,探讨了鲕粒成核、生长的特殊沉积环境和成岩改造等过程。按显微结构、特殊形态、组合以及成岩改造,依次将研究区奇格布拉克组鲕粒划分出12种类型,其中大气淡水、快速拟晶白云岩化、重结晶、交代白云岩化等成岩作用主要发现于中等水动力条件形成的同心(圈)鲕、同心—放射状鲕等。近源风暴引起的底流和涡流产生的撕裂、磨损及搬运作用为泥晶(大)鲕、薄皮鲕、放射状泥晶(正常或大)鲕、脑状鲕以及部分球(或细菌)鲕、复鲕的成核和微生物作用提供了基本条件,而文石—白云石海中低能环境下的黏性软底质中广泛发育的文石—高镁方解石胶结促进鲕粒的形成; 前者发育于潮道或浅滩环境,后者发育于潮坪—潟湖环境,短暂风暴潮或底流是两者共生的可能原因。 微生物参与泥晶成核、一定水动力条件下台阶状生长、差异性成岩改造是前寒武纪多种类型鲕粒发育的主控因素。鲕模孔、粒间(内)溶孔、晶间孔、有机微孔等孔隙具有一定储集意义。对奇格布拉克组鲕粒的研究,有助于深化对前寒武纪古海洋和大气组分、黏性软底质中成核与生长中的水动力及微生物作用、早期成岩改造及孔隙形成与保存机理等的认识。     

微生物碳酸盐岩孔隙研究进展

微生物碳酸盐岩不仅是研究古环境、古气候和地质历史事件的重要沉积记录,也是油气资源重要的储层类型之一。不同微生物群落的生理活动特性影响了原生孔隙的形成及保存,微生物沉积形成的不同尺度的沉积组构影响了孔隙的孔径大小及空间分布。微生物碳酸盐岩微相及共生岩性的微相组合型式对孔隙有效性及规模有重要影响,所处沉积地貌及相带使得微生物碳酸盐岩受海水-大气水成岩环境的胶结-溶蚀作用次序及程度不同,导致孔隙的非均质性。微生物相关的白云石化、胶结及岩溶等不同成岩作用,因其所处成岩阶段不同,而分别可能起到形成原生孔隙、保护残余孔隙及形成次生孔隙等不同效果,因而对孔隙形成及保存具有积极意义。微生物碳酸盐岩孔隙具有从纳米-亚微米级微孔隙到厘米甚至米级宏观孔隙等多个尺度,且与多尺度沉积结构构造有一定的耦合关系。因此,需要合理配置不同尺度样品的空间分布,运用多种方法技术表征不同尺度的孔隙,并增强各类数据的融合。此外,加强地质学科与地球物理学科的结合,是推动微生物碳酸盐岩油气储集层地质研究和勘探开发工作的重要途径。     

Tight Carbonate Microstructure and its Controls: A Case Study of Lower Jurassic Da'anzhai Member,Central Sichuan Basin

Cast thin section observation, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) were used to examine the microstructure of tight carbonate reservoirs in the Lower Jurassic Da’anzhai Member, the central Sichuan Basin. The pore space in the Da’anzhai Member is classified into 2 types and 17 subtypes, with nano-scale pore throats of ‘O’, ‘S’, ‘Z’, and ‘I’ shapes. Poorly sorted pore throats vary greatly in diameter;thus, it is difficult for fluid flow to pass through these pore throats. There are three classes of pore throats in carbonate reservoirs, i.e. isolated pores, pores coexisting with fractures, and large pores and fractures. Isolated pores may provide some pore space, but the permeability is low. Pores and fractures coexisting in the reservoir may have a great impact on porosity and permeability;they are the major pore space in the reservoir. Large pores and fractures have a great impact on reservoir properties, but they only account for a limited proportion of total pore space. The microstructure of Da’anzhai reservoirs, which dominates fluid mobility, is dependent on sedimentary environment, diagenesis, and tectonic process. Pore structure is related to sedimentary environment. The occurrence of microfractures, which may improve reservoir properties, is dependent on tectonic process. Diageneses are of utmost importance to pore evolution, cementation and growth of minerals have played an important role in destroying reservoir microstructure.     

塔里木盆地柯坪地区肖尔布拉克组优质微生物碳酸盐岩储层成因

微生物碳酸盐岩储层是油气地质学研究的重要领域,针对古老深埋的塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克组微生物碳酸盐岩存在的优质储层争议和储层成因问题,通过野外观察、剖面测量、密集取样、物性测试、薄片分析和CT扫描等手段,对柯坪野外露头区的肖尔布拉克组微生物碳酸盐岩储层进行了系统调查与分析。结果表明,肖尔布拉克组的优质微生物碳酸盐岩储层为具有亮晶凝块结构的层状凝块石建造,其储层孔隙度最大值为9.35%,孔隙度介于2.69%~9.35%之间的比例为70.3%,平均值为5.07%,且其储层孔隙度和平行渗透率具有极好的线性正相关性。这些优质储层的储集空间类型包括粒间孔、晶间孔、粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔、扩溶孔和溶洞6类。潮下带上部高能原始沉积环境中形成的亮晶凝块结构为优质储层的形成提供了微生物沉积作用上的先决条件;热液溶蚀作用形成大量大孔径的组构非选择性扩溶孔和溶洞则是优质储层形成过程中至关重要的成岩作用过程,极大地提高了层状凝块石建造的孔隙度。这将进一步深化对肖尔布拉克组优质微生物碳酸盐岩储层类型和成因的认识。     

砂砾岩储集层的成岩作用及孔隙演化——以准噶尔盆地红车拐地区三叠系百口泉组为例

准噶尔盆地三叠系百口泉组油气勘探潜力巨大,但储集砂体物性较差,非均质性较强,优质储层形成原因尚未明确,成岩相关特征认识模糊,限制了该区油气的勘探开发。基于三叠系百口泉组岩芯观察,结合薄片分析、扫描电镜以及物性分析等资料,分段分岩性对储层成岩作用以及孔隙演化进行了详细分析。结果表明,研究区百口泉组岩石类型以砂砾岩为主,储层按岩性可划分为砂砾共同支撑储层和砂质颗粒支撑储层,储集空间整体以原生粒间孔为主,储层物性较差,属于低孔低渗型。储集层的成岩阶段为中成岩B期。基于定量分析,发现压实作用和胶结作用对储集层物性破坏较大,溶蚀作用增孔能力受控于岩石支撑类型,对砂砾共同支撑的储集层岩石增孔影响较大,对砂质颗粒支撑的储集层岩石增孔影响较差。