淮北地区寒武系/新元古界界线讨论

淮北地区寒武系与新元古界的界线 ,长期以来存在争议 ,主要有 5种划分意见 :猴家山组 /沟后组 ,沟后组 /金山寨组 ,沟后组上段 /沟后组下段 ,金山寨组 /望山组及猴家山组 /金山寨组之间。通过近年来的实地考察和室内研究 ,从叠层石、宏体碳质压膜化石及小壳动物化石组合综合考虑 ,认为该区新元古界最上面的岩组应是沟后组 ,而超覆于区内新元古界不同层位上的长期被描述为猴家山组“豹斑状”灰岩、白云岩 ,实为昌平组 ,属下寒武统     

广东省元古代岩石地层划分的建议

按2000年全国第三届地层会议精神,原“震旦系”分解为震旦系及南华系;广东地区原使用的“云开群”进一步划分为云开岩群及高州岩群：高州岩群自下而上划分为黄岭岩组、帅堂岩组、山美岩组,云开岩群自下而上划分为罗罅岩组、丰垌口岩组、兰坑岩组、沙湾坪岩组、清垌岩组,南华系包括大绀山组／鹰阳关组、活道组／丁屋岭组,乐昌峡群分为坝里组、老虎塘组。     

冀西北地区早、中侏罗世地层划分及其区域对比

冀西北早、中侏罗世地层尽管已有较长的研究历史,但在具体划分对比上与同处于燕山造山带的京西地区仍有所不同。前者划分为南大岭组、下花园组、九龙山组、髫髻山组和后城组,后者与下花园组相当的地层又分为窑坡组和龙门组。笔者通过研究认为,冀西北地区也发育有与京西相同层位的龙门组,只是以往将其或划归于下花园组,或分属到九龙山组;同时发现下花园组尚包含了部分南大岭组地层。重新划分后的地层层序为：侏罗系下统南大岭组,中统下花园组、龙门组、九龙山组、髫髻山组、后城组,完全可以与京西地区对比。本研究结论对于建立统一的燕山地区早、中侏罗世地层格架和地质构造演化过程的研究有重要意义。     

洞庭盆地第四纪地层格架初拟

洞庭盆地是长江流域的重要盆地之一,第四系发育完整,地层最大厚度300余米。早更新世洞庭盆地由澧县、临澧、常德—安乡、沅江—湘阴、广兴洲5个相对独立的次级凹陷盆地组成,早更世末湖盆全部连通。地层序列分覆盖区和露头区。覆盖区划分为:下更新统华田组、汨罗组,中更新统洞庭湖组,上更新统坡头组,全新统沅江组、团洲组、赤沙组。露头区划分为:下更新统华田组、汨罗组,中更新统新开铺组、白沙井组、马王堆组,上更新统白水江组,以及全新统冲、湖积层。下更新世华田组与汨罗组、汨罗组与中更新统洞庭湖组、洞庭湖组与上更新统坡头组、坡头组与全新统沉积界面清晰。早更新世次级盆地中心沉降幅度大,沉积物以湖相沉积为主,空间分异明显。中更新世沉降中心向河口迁移,沉积物以冲积、冲湖积为主。     

哈尔滨东宾县凹陷白垩纪地层层序及其与松辽盆地的对比

根据实测剖面并结合前人研究成果厘定了宾县凹陷白垩纪地层层序:下白垩统板子房组、宁远村组、淘淇河组、泉头组和上白垩统青山口组、姚家组。综合运用岩性地层、生物地层、地质事件和同位素年龄的方法将宾县凹陷白垩系与松辽盆地进行了对比。根据同位素年龄对比,板子房组相当于沙河子组上部和营城组下部,宁远村组相当于营城组中上部。根据植物化石组合分析,淘淇河组可与营城组顶部、登娄库组和泉头组底部对比。“鸟河组”下部红层作为区域性气候事件的产物可与泉头组下部对比;该组以Triangulicypristorsuosus和Triangulicypristorsuosusvar.nota繁盛为特征的介形类化石组合与青山口组相似,轮藻类化石Atopocharatrivolvis、Aclistocharasongliaoensis和Obtusocharaniaoheensis在泉头组至嫩江组均有发现;因此将“鸟河组”分解为泉头组、青山口组、姚家组和嫩江组。     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区奥陶系赛力克达坂组的划分和对比

新疆库鲁克塔格地区赛力克达坂组的地层界线和定义应予以保留,赛力克达坂组上部不宜划归乌里格孜塔格组。赛力克达坂组之底对比Nemagraptusgracilis带底或Pygodusanserinus带之底,或庙坡组之底,而不是对比萨尔干组下部或Pterograptuselegans带,或达瑞威尔阶上部。赛力克达坂组上部对比坎岭组上部,前者之顶对比后者之顶,而不是对比坎岭组内部;乌里格孜塔格组之底对比其浪组之底。     

贵州省主要黑色页岩层页岩气成藏规律及找矿潜力

贵州发育多套黑色页岩层,其中最重要的页岩层为寒武系牛蹄塘组/渣拉沟组、奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组和石炭系打屋坝组/旧司组,前期实施了多口探井调查其页岩气资源条件,勘查结果显示不同的黑色页岩页岩气富集成藏特征有明显差异。牛蹄塘组/渣拉沟组页岩层在全省分布最广,有机质丰度最高,但热演化程度同样很高,页岩气含量偏低甚至局部地区以氮气为主,受构造破坏影响很大;五峰组—龙马溪组、打屋坝组/旧司组页岩层分布范围和有机质丰度不如牛蹄塘组/渣拉沟组,但生烃演化历程相对要短,热演化程度适中,受构造破坏影响相对较小,页岩气富集受有机质丰度、微观孔隙发育、矿物成分影响明显。三个主要页岩层中,五峰组—龙马溪组和打屋坝组/旧司组页岩气勘查显示较好,资源条件较佳,找矿潜力大,是下一步贵州页岩气勘查开发的重点层位。     

山东昌潍坳陷古近系孔店组划分与分布

孔店组为昌潍坳陷主要的烃源层 ,也是重要的储集层和盖层。由于钻穿孔店组的深井比较少 ,而且生物化石相对稀少 ,加之以前对岩心中的古生物分析不全面 ,因而制约了对研究区孔店组的认识。通过岩石、电性、生物、地震多方面对孔店组的系统研究 ,总结了孔店组的岩石、电性、古生物等方面的特征 ,进而确定孔店组内部界面 ,重新对孔店组进行分段 ,将孔店组的火山岩划归孔店组二段 ,划分出孔店组三段 ,为深层油气勘探提供准确的地层依据。鉴于孔店组划分的变化 ,结合地震剖面对孔店组的分布也做了相应的研究。     

辽西地区白垩纪张老公屯组火山岩的层位及时代

辽西地区白垩系义县组之上存在一期火山喷发活动已得到大多数学者的认可,但其所属层位仍有争议,主要有4种意见：位于孙家湾组之上;位于孙家湾组与阜新组之间;位于九佛堂组与阜新组之间,与沙海组层位相当;位于沙海组与九佛堂组之间.根据野外出露情况、区域分布特征及同位素年代资料等,认为该期火山岩位于孙家湾组之下,覆盖于义县组、九佛堂组、沙海组、阜新组等不同层位上,同位素年龄为97~106 Ma,属早白垩世晚期.     

哈尔滨东宾县凹陷白垩纪地层层序及其与松辽盆地的对比

根据实测剖面并结合前人研究成果厘定了宾县凹陷白垩纪地层层序:下白垩统板子房组、宁远村组、淘淇河组、泉头组和上白垩统青山口组、姚家组.综合运用岩性地层、生物地层、地质事件和同位素年龄的方法将宾县凹陷白垩系与松辽盆地进行了对比.根据同位素年龄对比,板子房组相当于沙河子组上部和营城组下部,宁远村组相当于营城组中上部.根据植物化石组合分析,淘淇河组可与营城组顶部、登娄库组和泉头组底部对比.“鸟河组“下部红层作为区域性气候事件的产物可与泉头组下部对比;该组以Triangulicypris torsuosus和Triangulicypris torsuosus var.nota繁盛为特征的介形类化石组合与青山口组相似,轮藻类化石Atopochara trivolvis、Aclistochara songliaoensis和Obtusochara niaoheensis在泉头组至嫩江组均有发现;因此将“鸟河组“分解为泉头组、青山口组、姚家组和嫩江组.     

新疆西部乌依塔克组的时代

通过对新发现于新疆塔里木盆地西部上白垩统乌依塔克组有孔虫化石的时代分析，认为该组的时限为晚上伦期—赛诺期，综合分析各类化石的时代特征，本区土伦阶和赛诺阶的界线应划在Ｍｉｇｒｏｓ－Ａｍｍｏｂａｃｕｌｉｔｅｓ组合和Ｐａｒａｒｏｔａｌｉａ－Ｎｏｎｉｏｎｅｌｌａ组合之间。     

塔里木北部库车前陆盆地晚白垩世和古新世的钙质超微化石组合

库车前陆盆地是中国大型油气基地之一,盆地中的白垩系及古近系为盆地油气的主要储层。对本区白垩系的时代划分和沉积环境的精确确定直接关系到对油气田的规模、储量和分布范围的正确评价。本研究在前人划分为陆相下白垩统巴什基奇克组的顶部首次发现了由10属15种组成的晚白垩世海相钙质超微化石组合Arkangelskiellacymbiformis—Quadrumgartneri。此外,在由前人定为古新统—始新统的塔拉克组下段也发现了晚白垩世Arkangel skiellacymbiformis—Quadrumgartneri组合,在该组上段发现了古新世化石Biantholithussparsus。该成果既为准确确定这两个岩组的地质时代提供了可靠的古生物证据,又为本区存在晚白垩世地层和海相沉积提供了佐证,表明巴什基奇克组顶部存在晚白垩世的海相沉积,塔拉克组下段属于上白垩统,上段属于古新统。     

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Cenomanian – Turonian transition in the Tarfaya Basin, southern Morocco

An abundant and diverse nannoflora occurs across the Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary at Tazra in the Tarfaya Basin of southern Morocco. The nannoflora of this sequence permits recognition of three biozones (CC10-CC12), three subzones (CC10a, CC10b and CC10c), and thirteen important nannolith bioevents previously reported from this interval elsewhere. The floral record shows erratic species abundance fluctuations that clearly vary with lithology and reflect at least in part preservational bias and diagenetic processes. In general, four dissolution resistant taxa are dominant: Watznaueria barnesae, Eiffellithus turriseiffelii, Eprolithus floralis, and Zeugrhabdotus spp. The late Cenomanian Zone CC10 marks a rapid excursion in ∂¹³C and is characterized by the successive extinction of four taxa, which are widely recognized as reliable biomarkers: Corollithion kennedyi, Axopodorhabdus albianus, Lithraphidites acutus, and Helenea chiastia. This interval is also marked by high species richness and high abundance of the tropical species Watznaueria barnesae, suggesting warm tropical waters. The subsequent ∂¹³C plateau and organic carbon-rich black shale deposition of the oceanic anoxic event (OAE2) is characterized by low species richness, but high nannofossil abundance, and peak abundance of the cool water and high productivity indicator Zeugrhabdotus spp., followed by the first peak abundance of cool water Eprolithus floralis. This interval correlates with the planktic foraminiferal diversity minimum and the Heterohelix shift, which marks the expansion of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The C/T boundary is identified based on the FO of Quadrum gartneri, which is <1 m below the FO of the planktic foraminifer C/T marker Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica. In the early and middle Turonian, the two dominant species, tropical W. barnesae and cool water E. floralis, alternate in abundance and suggest fluctuating climatic conditions.     

Late Maastrichtian litho- and ecocycles from hemipelagic deposits of eastern Sinai, Egypt

A biostratigraphical and palaeoecological survey employing calcareous nannofossils and planktonic and benthonic foraminifera has been carried out in four sections of hemipelagic marls and chalks of the Late Maastrichtian Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone of eastern Sinai, in order to evaluate the mechanisms controlling the composition of the well preserved microfauna and nannoflora.The Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone in eastern Sinai can be easily identified by the wide occurrence of the index fossil A. mayaroensis and can be further subdivided by the first occurrences of Plummerita reicheli (ex. P. hantkeninoides) and Micula prinsii. Microfossil abundances and lithologies are characterised by pronounced repetitive distribution patterns. These include low and high frequency fluctuations of the planktonic/benthonic (P/B) foraminiferal ratio, repetitive changes in the abundance of calcareous nannofossils and benthonic foraminifera, as well as the development of chalk-marl couplets and thinning upward chalk packets. both microfossil distribution patterns and the occurrence of rhythmites are attributed to changes in primary palaeoproductivity. Semiquantitative investigations of calcareous nannofossils and a few selected benthonic foraminifera yield evidence of the presence of high (HP) and low (LP) productivity assemblages.The interpreted HP assemblage is dominated by Glaukolithus diplogrammus, Manvitella pemmatoidea, Microrhabdulus decoratus and Micula murus and the benthonic foraminifera Neoflabellina jarvisi; the LP assemblage is characterised by Lithraphidites quadratus and Bolivinoides draco. However, further quantitative studies are necessary to reconstruct the exact composition of these assemblages and to explain deviatory developments. The chalk-marl couplets, thinning-upward chalk packets and the high frequency P/B patterns are interpreted to reflect productivity changes related to orbital forcing. These hemipelagites were deposited during the latest phase of the southern Tethyan upwelling system, which was active from the Santonian to the Late Maastrichtian with a peak in the Campanian. Termination of upwelling just before the K/T boundary also provides a good explanation for the change towards a palaeobathymetric control on foraminiferal distribution, as observed for the Palaeocene of central east Sinai.     

西藏申扎地区晚石炭世牙形石Neognathodus动物群的特征及其意义

藏北申扎地区永珠组中上部发现了Neognathodus牙形石动物群,自下而上划分为Neognathodus cf.symmetricus-N.cf.asymmetricus组合、Neognathodus medadultimus-N.medexultimus-N.roundyi组合、Rhachistognathus sp.A-Neognathodus ultimussp.nov.组合。上述牙形石动物群指示永珠组中上部的时代为晚石炭世巴什基尔阶中期—莫斯科阶晚期。该牙形石动物群与俄罗斯地台区、北美地区和华南地区比较,显示出低分异度和低丰度的特点,表明该地区当时的生态环境并不十分利于牙形石生长,可能是当时该地区处于南半球中高纬度附近、水体温度偏冷所致。     

Analyses of Sequence Stratigraphy and Environments across Permian—Triassic Boundary in Liaotian, Northwestern Jiangxi Province

Based on the study of lithology, sedimentology and paleontology at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Liaotian, Northwestern Jiangxi Province, the sequence stratigraphy and depositional environments across the boundary are reconstructed. The top part of the Upper Permian Changxing Formation is composed of very thick-bedded ligh-colored dolomitic limestone formed in high deposition rate on carbonate ramp,which indacates a transgression systems tract (TST). The Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation shows continuous deposition with the underlying Upper Permian. The lower member of Qinglong Formation consists of calcareous shale, shelly limestome and dolomitic limestone with abundant bivalves (Claraia sp.) and trace fossills (Chondrites). The calcareous shale at the bottom of Lower Triassic indicates a calm deep water environment to form the condensed section (CS). The shelly limestome and dolomitic limeston with shell fossils, intraclast, algal ooide show clean but turbulent environment of carbonate ramp, which produce the deposition of highstand systems tract (TST).     

长江源各拉丹冬地区晚二叠世乌丽群类生物组合

长江源各拉丹冬地区二叠系乌丽群中的晚二叠世类化石 ,可分为两个组合 ,产于乌丽群下部那益雄组的Palaeofusulina parafusiformis- N anlingella simplex组合 ,产于乌丽群上部拉卜查日组的 Gallowayinella meitienen-sis- Palaeofusulina sinensis组合 ,这两个类化石组合属种分异度低 ,丰度高。该生物群属于特提斯动物群 ,在羌塘盆地及华南地区具有广泛的区域对比性。各拉丹冬及其邻近地区的二叠纪类生物群均为暖温型 ,属华夏特提斯区的分子     

松辽盆地深层侏罗系-下白垩统生物组合和沉积环境

本文描述了松辽盆地探井揭露的深层地层序列及其所产的5个牛物门类化石组合特征.9个孢粉组合是Monosulcites-Cyathidites组合、Pinaceae-Cyathidites-Osmundaeidites组合、Classopollis-Piceites组合、Lophotriletes-Cicatricosisporites组合、Paleoconiferus-Lygodiumsporites组合、Cyathidites-Leiotriletes-Clavatipollenites组合、Cicatricosisporites-Leiotriletes-Polyporopollenites组合、Leiotriletes-Schizaeoisporites-Classopollis组合和Trilobosporites-Cyathidites-Tricolpollenites组合.3个藻类组合是Vesperopsis-Australisphaera组合、Balmula granorugosa组合和Vesperopsis zhaodongensis组合.2个介形类组合是Cypridea unicostata-Limnocypridesadscondida组合和Mongolocypris limpida-Paracandona planiuscula组合.4个植物组合是Elatocladus submanchurica-Ginkgoites orientalis组合、Acanthopteris gothani-Pterophyllum组合、Sphenopteris johnstrupii-Coniopteris nympharum组合和Platanus septentrionalis-Protophyllum undulaturn组合.3个大孢子组合是Minerisporites sp.组合、Ricinospora leavigata-Galamospora sp.组合和Arcellites组合.还介绍了叶肢介、轮藻、双壳类和鱼类化石的产出情况.结合同位素资料认为：大庆群时代为中侏罗世,火石岭组可能为贝里阿斯期,沙河子组为凡兰吟期-欧特里夫期,营城组为欧特里夫期-巴列姆期,登娄库组为巴列姆期-阿普第期早期,泉头组一-二段为阿普第-阿尔卑期,并对各组沉积环境进行了初步分析.     

Biostratigraphy,microfacies and depositional environments of upper Viséan limestones from the Burren region,County Clare,Ireland

The Burren region in western Ireland contains an almost continuous record of Viséan (Middle Mississippian) carbonate deposition extending from Chadian to Brigantian times, represented by three formations: the Chadian to Holkerian Tubber Formation, the Asbian Burren Formation and the Brigantian Slievenaglasha Formation. The upper Viséan (Holkerian–Brigantian) platform carbonate succession of the Burren can be subdivided into six distinct depositional units outlined below. (1) An Holkerian to lower Asbian unit of skeletal peloidal and bryozoan bedded limestone. (2) Lower Asbian unit of massive light grey Koninckopora‐rich limestone, representing a shallower marine facies. (3) Upper Asbian terraced limestone unit with minor shallowing‐upward cycles of poorly bedded Kamaenella‐rich limestone with shell bands and palaeokarst features. This unit is very similar to other cyclic sequences of late Asbian age in southern Ireland and western Europe, suggesting a glacio‐eustatic origin for this fourth‐order cyclicity. (4) Lower Brigantian unit with cyclic alternations of crinoidal/bryozoan limestone and peloidal limestone with coral thickets. These cycles lack evidence of subaerial exposure. (5) Lower Brigantian bedded cherty dark grey limestone unit, deposited during the maximum transgressive phase of the Brigantian. (6) Lower to upper Brigantian unit mostly comprising cyclic bryozoan/crinoidal cherty limestone. In most areas this youngest unit is truncated and unconformably overlain by Serpukhovian siliciclastic rocks. Deepening enhanced by platform‐wide subsidence strongly influenced later Brigantian cycle development in Ireland, but localized rapid shallowing led to emergence at the end of the Brigantian. A Cf5 Zone (Holkerian) assemblage of microfossils is recorded from the Tubber Formation at Black Head, but in the Ballard Bridge section the top of the formation has Cf6 Zone (Asbian) foraminiferans. A typical upper Asbian Rugose Coral Assemblage G near the top of the Burren Formation is replaced by a lower Brigantian Rugose Coral Assemblage H in the Slievenaglasha Formation. A similar change in the foraminiferans and calcareous algae at this Asbian–Brigantian formation boundary is recognized by the presence of upper Asbian Cf6γ Subzone taxa in the Burren Formation including Cribrostomum lecomptei, Koskinobigenerina sp., Bradyina rotula and Howchinia bradyana, and in the Slievenaglasha Formation abundant Asteroarchaediscus spp., Neoarchaediscus spp. and Fasciella crustosa of the Brigantian Cf6δ Subzone. The uppermost beds of the Slievenaglasha Formation contain a rare and unusual foraminiferal assemblage containing evolved archaediscids close to tenuis stage indicating a late Brigantian age. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弗拉斯晚期桂林组上段旋回性和双孔层孔虫堆积的关系

桂林地区泥盆纪弗拉斯晚期的沉积物以含有大量细枝状的双孔层孔虫为特征,并表现出明显的旋回性。本文研究认为,双孔层孔虫最适宜在潮下带弱动荡环境中生长。完全闭塞,滞静的泻湖不利于双孔层孔虫的生长,只能是其堆积的场所。