喀喇昆仑岔路口地区麦美奇质岩石的发现及其构造意义:岩石学、矿物学和地球化学证据

岔路口地区超基性熔岩主要由玻基纯橄岩和玻基辉橄岩组成,呈夹层状断续分布于玄武岩、玄武质火山岩及硅质岩中,总体上构成了深海相火山-沉积建造。玻基纯橄岩和玻基辉橄岩中的橄榄石斑晶多呈自形-半自形晶,11件样品25个测点获得的SiO_2含量为38.68%～40.58%,MgO含量主要为44.43%～46.72%,Ni值主要为1 100×10-6～2 381×10-6,计算得出的Fo值为85.60～87.71。在岩石化学成分上,SiO_2含量为38.51%～42.86%,MgO含量为26.81%～31.28%,TFe O含量为12.17%～14.52%,TiO_2含量为1.00%～1.45%,Na_2O+K_2O含量为0.17%～0.67%,在岩石化学分类上属麦美奇岩。因玻基辉橄岩中存在较多辉石斑晶而与传统麦美奇岩存在明显区别,因此暂将研究区超基性熔岩称为"麦美奇质岩石"。选用橄榄石最高Fo值和其寄主岩石TFe O含量估算出上述麦美奇质岩石原生岩浆中的MgO含量≥18.18%,据此限定地幔熔融温度和压力下限分别为1 580℃和3.9 GPa。结合岔路口地区麦美奇质岩石具有洋岛玄武岩微量元素特征以及前人研究成果,认为该区麦美奇质岩石形成于晚二叠世—晚三叠世的伸展环境,其地球动力学背景与地幔柱有关。     

超基性砾岩特征和形成条件的探讨

青海北祁连山和陕西南秦岭的一些地方,有一种奇特的岩石,它具有超基性岩的成分和以砾状结构为主的碎屑结构。认为这种岩石是沉积岩的同志,称它为超基性砾岩,视为地层的组成部分。认为这种岩石是岩浆岩的同志,称它为角砾状蛇纹岩,或恢复原岩称为角砾状辉橄岩、角砾状橄榄岩等,怀疑它是金伯利岩     

滇西新生代碱性火山岩,富碱斑岩深源包体岩石学研究

首次发现滇西新生代碱性火山岩、富碱斑岩中存在深源的碱性超基性－基性岩,还有前人报道的常见超镁铁质岩,岩石类型有碱性辉石岩、碱性辉长岩、无辉斜长岩、正长斜长岩。系统研究了此两种岩类的产状、岩石学、岩石化学及成因机理,认为碱性岩和辉石岩是代表富集地幔顶部,由二辉橄缆岩部分熔融形成的碱性超基性－基性岩和钙碱性岩岩片和楔形体。     

喀喇昆仑岔路口地区发现科马提岩及找矿意义

通过对喀喇昆仑岔路口地区不同尺度地球化学数据的分析研究,发现Cr,Ni,Co等幔源元素异常富集,随着工作精度的提高,幔源元素含量显著增加,富集区形态更加清晰,由此推断区内普遍存在超基性岩或高Cr,Ni玄武岩。经野外查证,在团结峰东南发现众多超基性岩。主要岩性有橄榄岩、辉橄岩、玻基橄榄岩、玻基辉橄岩等,与之相关的火山岩有枕状玄武岩、块状玄武岩及火山碎屑岩。据野外产状和岩石地球化学特征,结合宏观、微观尺度鬣刺结构的存在,初步认定属科马提岩。除常规镍黄铁矿、紫硫镍矿、针镍矿和黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、钛铁矿等外,在科马提岩中还发育有以细小"硫化物碎屑"存在的、铜镍共存的硫化物和高镁钛铁矿,这种情况极为罕见。     

浙江龙游县虎头山是否存在"金伯利岩"

据1998年两报刊报道，浙江龙游虎头山发现一粒1／5米粒大小的金刚石，并确认含该金刚石的岩石为金伯利岩。笔者根据该岩体岩石性质、岩全产状、岩石化学成分、特征矿物组合等待征，初步推断该岩石为角砾状超基性岩，原岩恢复为橄辉云煌岩，而不是金伯利岩，也不是钾镁煌斑岩。     

喜马拉雅造山带中段深成相和超浅成相超镁铁岩的发现及意义

青藏高原众多的蛇绿岩带中出露大量的超镁铁岩 ,这与特提斯的形成和演化密切相关 .然而在长达2 0 0 0km的喜马拉雅造山带内部没有超镁铁岩的报道 ,也没有找到新生代的火山岩 .最近我们通过 1∶2 5万定结幅、陈塘区幅 (国内部分 )区域地质调查 ,首次在喜马拉雅造山带中段定结 -定日一带发现晚新生代不同类型的超镁铁岩 ,主要是深成相的尖晶石橄榄方辉岩、尖晶石橄榄二辉岩和超浅成相的苦橄玄武岩、玻基辉橄岩 ,常与高压基性麻粒岩伴生 .它们是喜马拉雅和青藏高原软流圈及岩石圈的结构和热状态、壳幔相互作用的一个窗口 .深成相和超浅成相的超…     

甘肃宕昌好梯碱性超基性火山岩:一种含上地幔包体和巨晶的钾质超镁铁煌斑岩

甘肃宕昌好梯含上地幔包体和巨晶的碱性超基性火山岩为新生代火山作用的产物。该火山岩的岩相学、矿物学、岩石化学和地球化学特征显示了从碱性基性岩(霞石碱玄岩-碧玄岩)-超基性岩(苦橄岩-玻基辉橄岩)-钾镁煌斑岩之过渡类型岩石的特征。表明好榜火山岩是一种煌斑岩。根据火山岩的岩相学、矿物学、岩石化学和地球化学特征,火山岩的镁铁指数>90,特别是岩石中含一定数量的金云母以及含白榴石、原生方解石、碱性角闪石和碱性辉石的球状分异物等特征,将该火山岩命名为钾质超镁铁煌斑岩。本文还提出该钾质超镁铁煌斑岩代表一种原生煌斑岩浆的标志。     

福建新生代碱性超基性火山岩地球化学特征及构造意义

为了解福建新生代地幔性质和大地构造背景,对柳城玻基辉橄岩进行系统的年代学和元素地球化学研究。岩石为碱性超基性岩,形成于12.6Ma,富Mg、Fe和贫碱性质,以富集LILE、HFSE、Nb与Ta正异常为特征,强烈富集LREE,相对亏损HREE,(La/Yb)N＝35.1~36.2,δEu＝0.98~1.00,微量元素特征与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)类似。微量元素地球化学特征表明,该岩石是地幔橄榄岩低度部分熔融的产物,成岩过程没有地壳混染;源区地幔具有HIMU性质,由软流圈地幔、脱水洋壳与残留岩石圈地幔混合组成,表现出富集的特征;柳城玻基辉橄岩形成于大陆裂谷环境。与新生代玄武岩进行对比研究表明,中国东南部地幔组成存在多个地幔端元成分。     

云南中甸峨眉山玄武岩中超基性－基性岩包体元素地球化学分析

峨眉山大火成岩省于滇西地区广泛发育有一系列的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,但对于其中地幔包体的报道还相对较少。本次研究在云南中甸地区峨眉山玄武岩中发现了岩性表现为由纯橄岩→辉橄岩→橄辉岩→苦橄岩→辉长岩→辉绿辉长岩→辉绿岩变化系列的超基性-基性岩包体。通过对包体岩石开展元素地球化学分析研究,结果表明:形成包体的原始超基性岩浆属于峨眉山地幔柱活动产物,且与主岩形成背景相似,其岩浆源区位于难熔的方辉橄榄岩区与石榴二辉橄榄岩区的过渡部位,受岩石圈地壳混染程度较低。结合丽江苦橄岩性质,认为滇西地区上地幔存在早阶段峨眉山地幔柱活动。     

湖北大洪山地区苦橄玢岩岩性特征

近年来,湖北省第八地质大队在大洪山地区普查找矿过程中,相继发现了一批苦橄玢岩,玻基纯橄岩等超基性火山岩岩体。现将本区的苦橄玢岩岩性特征概述如下。一、岩体地质简述出露在大洪山南麓的超基性火山杂岩带,目前已发现了近百个苦橄玢岩和玻基纯橄岩岩体。     

粤东北基底变质岩的组成和形成时代

基底变质岩的成分和形成时代对揭示地壳演化至关重要.利用锆石U-Pb-Hf研究和全岩成分分析, 发现粤东北及邻区的许多基底变质岩是晚新元古代形成的沉积岩, 它们具有高的SiO₂、Rb、Zr、Y和过渡金属元素含量以及相对低的Al₂O₃、CaO、Na₂O、Sr、Nb含量.它们沉积于活动大陆边缘环境.盆地的形成与Rodinia超大陆裂解时的张性背景相关.粤东北龙川地区新元古代沉积岩主要由新太古代和中元古代碎屑物质组成, 并含少量中太古代和新元古代物质, 明显不同于闽西南和粤北地区新元占代沉积岩.粤东北这些变质岩没有受到加里东运动的强烈影响, 而是在印支期发生变质-重熔作用.      

Geological characteristics and prospecting predictions of No.50 kimberlite pipe in Wafangdian diamond deposit of Liaoning Province

Taking No.50 kimberlite pipe of Wafangdian diamond deposit in Liaoning Province as an example, the authors systematically analyzed its geological characteristics. Based on the petrogeochemical analysis of porphyry phlogopite kimberlite, breccia porphyry kimberlite with surrounding rocks and kimberlite tuff breccia, it is found that there are less ultrabasic components in carbonated kimberlite tuff breccia and more ultrabasic components in kimberlite tuff breccia mixed with steatitization, serpentinization and carbonation. The content of Cr, Ni and Ti is relatively lower in kimberlite tuff breccia, slightly higher in breccia porphyrg phlogopite kimberlite with surrounding rocks and the highest in porphyry phlogopite kimberlite and porphyry kimberlite. This deposit is mainly composed of breccia porphyry kimberlite with surrounding rocks and porphyry phlogopite kimberlite, followed by kimberlite tuff breccia, breccia porphyry phlogopite kimberlite with surrounding rocks and kimberlite breccia. Chromite bearing pyrope, chromite and moissanite are associated minerals of the diamond deposit. The kimberlite ore-bearing grade is high in the western part and low in the eastern part in the horizontal direction, while the kimberlite ore-bearing grade changes little in the vertical direction. Through the three-dimensional modeling, it is inferred that instead of the root phase, No.50 kimberlite pipe is the fault dislocation caused by the EW nappe structural force with the No.50-1 kimberlite body at the depth of 600 m in the eastern pipe.     

辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿床50号岩管地质特征及找矿预测

以辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿床50号岩管为例,系统分析了该矿床的地质特征。通过对斑状富金云母金伯利岩、含围岩角砾斑状金伯利岩和金伯利凝灰角砾岩进行岩石地球化学分析发现: 碳酸盐化金伯利凝灰角砾岩超基性成分较少,滑石化、蛇纹石化及碳酸盐化混合金伯利凝灰角砾岩超基性成分较多; 铬、镍、钛在金伯利凝灰角砾岩中的含量较低,在含围岩角砾斑状金云母金伯利岩中的含量略高,在斑状富金云母金伯利岩和斑状金伯利岩中的含量最高。该矿床主要为含围岩角砾斑状金伯利岩和斑状富金云母金伯利岩,其次为金伯利凝灰角砾岩、含围岩角砾斑状金云母金伯利岩和含金伯利物质角砾岩。含铬镁铝榴石、铬铁矿和碳硅石是金刚石的伴生矿物。水平方向上,金伯利岩含矿品位西部较富,东部较贫; 垂直方向上,金伯利岩含矿品位变化较小。通过三维建模,推测50号岩管不是根部相,而是受EW向推覆构造作用影响发生的断层错位,在其东侧600 m深处存在50-1号金伯利岩体。     

湘东北构造活化期花岗岩形成构造环境及成因

华南大陆从印支期进入陆内活化阶段,形成一系列沿断裂分布的印支期花岗岩。该期花岗岩代表陆内活化期的开始,在岩石地球化学和形成构造环境上以及岩石的形成方式上都与该期以后的花岗质岩石存在一定的差异。表明华南中生代陆内活化构造环境的复杂性和多阶段性。本文以湘东北印支期花岗质侵入岩为例,分析其成岩构造环境,用以反映该区陆内开始活化时的构造环境和活化方式。湘东北印支期花岗质岩石以花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩岩石系列为主,以相对较低的SiO2、K2O和较高的TiO2、P2O5及负铕异常不明显区别于中生代其它侵入期次岩石,具有陆壳重熔型花岗岩特征,其形成为陆内俯冲导致陆壳物质在俯冲前缘重熔的结果,表明陆内俯冲作用是导致湘东北陆内开始活化的主要方式之一,其构造环境以逆冲式推覆挤压为主。     

湘东北早中生代花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

湘东北早中生代花岗闪长岩 (约 16 5Ma)SiO2 =6 5 .4 %～ 6 9.6 5 % ,K2 O +Na2 O =6 .0 %～ 7.17% ,K2 O≈Na2 O ,A/NKC =0 .96～ 1.13,为弱过铝质钙碱性岩石。该花岗闪长岩 (La/Yb) CN=12 .75～ 37.5 0 ,(Gd/Yb) CN =1.2 8～ 2 .90 ,Eu/Eu =0 .6 2～ 0 .90 ,以富集LILE和亏损Nb Ta、Ti、P为特征。初始87Sr/ 86Sr =0 .7114 5 8～ 0 .7174 6 1,εNd=- 9.0～ - 12 .3,其同位素组成明显有别于被认为其成因与地幔派生岩浆有关的湘东南高钾花岗闪长质岩石。暗示湘东北早中生代花岗闪长岩可能是在华南早中生代伸展构造背景下中 /下地壳物质深熔作用的产物。湘东北早中生代代表性花岗闪长质岩石不能与湘东南同期花岗闪长质岩石一起构成一条连续的高εNd、低TDM钾质岩石带。     

Cretaceous Volcanic Events in Southeastern Jilin Province, China: Evidence from Single Zircon U-Pb Ages

Mesozoic volcanic rocks in southeastern Jilin Province are an important component of the huge Mesozoic volcanic belt in the northeastern area.Study of the age of their formation is of great significance to recognize Mesozoic volcanic rule in northeastern China.Along with the research of rare Mesozoic biota and extensive Mesozoic mineralization in western Liaoning,a number of researchers have focused on Mesozoic volcanic events.The authors studied the ages of the Cretaceous volcanic rocks in southeastern Jilin Province using single Zircon U-Pb.The result shows that the Sankeyushu Formation volcanic rocks in the Tonghua area are 119.2 Ma in age,the Yingcheng Formation in the Jiutai area 113.4±3.1 Ma,the Jinjiatun Formation in Pinggang Town of Liaoyuan City and the Wufeng volcanic rocks in the Yanji area 103.2±4.7 Ma and 103.6±1 Ma,respectively. Combined with the data of recent publication on volcanic rocks ages;the Cretaceous volcanic events in southeastern Jilin Province can be tentatively subdivided into three eruption periods:119 Ma,113 Ma and 103 Ma.The result not only provides important chronology data for subdividing Mesozoic strata in southeastern Jilin Province,establishing Mesozoic volcanic event sequence,discussing geological tectonic background,and surveying the relation between noble metals to the Cretaceous volcanic rocks,but also offers important information of Mesozoic volcanism in northeastern China.     

Cretaceous Volcanic Events in Southeastern Jilin Province, China: Evidence from Single Zircon U-Pb Ages

Mesozoic volcanic rocks in southeastern Jilin Province are an important component of the huge Mesozoic volcanic belt in the northeastern area. Study of the age of their formation is of great significance to recognize Mesozoic volcanic rule in northeastern China. Along with the research of rare Mesozoic biota and extensive Mesozoic mineralization in western Liaoning, a number of researchers have focused on Mesozoic volcanic events. The authors studied the ages of the Cretaceous volcanic rocks in southeastern Jilin Province using single Zircon U-Pb. The result shows that the Sankeyushu Formation volcanic rocks in the Tonghua area are 119.2 Ma in age, the Yingcheng Formation in the Jiutai area 113.4±3.1 Ma, the Jinjiatun Formation in Pinggang Town of Liaoyuan City and the Wufeng volcanic rocks in the Yanji area 103.2±4.7 Ma and 103.6±1 Ma, respectively. Combined with the data of recent publication on volcanic rocks ages; the Cretaceous volcanic events in southeastern Jilin Province can be tentatively subdivided into three eruption periods： 119 Ma, 113 Ma and 103 Ma. The result not only provides important chronology data for subdividing Mesozoic strata in southeastern Jilin Province, establishing Mesozoic volcanic event sequence, discussing geological tectonic background, and surveying the relation between noble metals to the Cretaceous volcanic rocks, but also offers important information of Mesozoic volcanism in northeastern China.     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EARLY MESOZOIC GRANODIORITES AND THEIR TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

The early Mesozoic granodiorites (ca. 165 Ma) in the northeastern Hunan Province (NEH) have SiO2=65.4-69.65%, K2O/Na2O=0.95-1.38 and K2O Na2O＞6%, A/CNK=0.96-1.13 and belong to metaluminous high-K calc-alkaline series. They are characterized by LREE and LILEs enrichment, and HFSE depletion with slightly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.62-0.90). The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios are in range from 0.711458 to0.717461, and εNd values vary from -9.4 to -12.3, distinct from those of the contemporaneous granodiorites mantle-derived from the Southeastern Hunan Province (SEH) (87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.707962～0.710396, εNd(t)=-6.98～-2.30).By contrast, such signatures are roughly similar to those of the neighboring other Mesozoic granitic plutons (Eu/Eu*=0.30-0.70; 87Sr/86Sr ＞0.710; εNd = -12 to -16) in South China Block (SCB), which have been interpreted as the remelting products of Precambrian basement. The Proterozoic lower-middle crust is an important contributor to the petrogenesis of these early Mesozoic granodiorites in the NEH. An intracontinental extension setting is present in the northeastern Hunan Province at that time due to the demand of enough thermal transfer.     

西垄玄武质岩石中的橄榄岩类包体、捕虏晶以及巨晶的矿物化学研究

浙江衢县西垄和金华龙游一带分布有许多第三纪的霞石玄武岩、玻基橄辉岩、橄辉玢岩和超基性火山角砾岩岩体和岩脉。它们富含橄榄岩类包体和来源于破碎的橄榄岩包体的各种捕虏晶(橄榄石、斜方辉石、透辉石和石榴石)。此外,还常含有富铝普通辉石、石榴石和钛铁矿巨晶。本文试图在大量的单矿物分析数据基础上,讨论橄榄岩类包体、捕虏晶以及巨晶的矿物化学及其形成条件。关于橄榄岩包体的主要元素和微量元素地球化学以及成因岩石学的研究,笔者已在另一篇论文中专门论述(从柏林和张儒瑗,1983),这里不再重复。     

一种新的岩浆岩分类定量方法

目前,岩浆岩的超基性、基性、中性、酸性的分类均根据SiO2的含量,但这种单一含量判别标准并不严谨,含量经常与分类不完全对应。使用TraceElem 1.0软件对各种岩浆岩进行逐步判别分析、聚类分析和对应分析研究,据此认为超基性岩由MgO和FeO组成的因子确定,基性岩则由P2O5、Fe2O3、TiO2、CaO、MnO组成的因子确定,中性岩由Na2O和Al2O3组成的因子确定,酸性岩由K2O和SiO2组成的因子确定。岩浆岩的分类宜以SiO2为主、以MgO和CaO为辅,尤其要引入MgO。在SiO2含量相同的情况下,MgO、CaO含量越高,基性程度越强。基于这一分析结果,提出一种新的酸度指数（ADI)计算方法,即ADI=w(SiO2)-0.75w(MgO)-0.23w(CaO),ADI<38.0%为超基性岩,在38.0%～52.0%之间为基性岩,在52.0%～62.5%之间为中性岩,>62.5%为酸性岩。