基于GIS城镇土地利用防灾适宜性评价方法分析

城镇土地利用规划及城市建设应重视土地的防灾适宜性评价,由于地质灾害对人类的生命和财产造成了严重的危害,所以要从防灾的角度进行城镇土地利用适宜性评价。开发基于GIS城镇建设用地防灾适宜性评价方法,借助IDRISI软件,通过对比分析GIS-OWA与布尔决策和权重线性叠加（WLC）等多准则评价方法在决策策略上的区别,计算了唐山市地质灾害影响下的土地利用适宜度     

Integrated evaluation of urban development suitability based on remote sensing and GIS techniques: contribution from the analytic hierarchy process

Urban, industrial, and tourist developments are considered of high priority in Egypt. In the current research, the site suitability investigation for rating the different environmental, geological, and geotechnical conditions facing civil engineering projects were assessed using a geographic information system (GIS) multi-criteria approach. The study area is one of the most promising areas for urban and touristic as well as industrial developments in Egypt, which is located on the NW coast of the Gulf of Suez. This area may face several geo-environmental problems that will limit its suitability for civil projects. Weighted GIS model, which integrates different types of data sources, such as land use/cover, geological, geomorphological, geophysical, environmental, remote sensing, and field data, can be achieved to create a site suitability map. In this paper, an analytical hierarchy process approach has been used to develop the weighted model for different factors. As a result of this study, areas of potential geotechnical and geo-environmental hazards that could impact the design and construction of civil projects were identified. Therefore, changes can be made early in the design process before significant design efforts are being invested.     

长江经济带上游地区丘陵城市工程建设适宜性评价——以泸州市规划中心城区为例

以长江经济带上游地区泸州市规划中心城区为例,建立了包括多因素综合评价模型和多层次评价指标体系的工程建设适宜性评价方法,采用模糊赋权法和层次分析法相结合的组合赋权法计算评价指标的权重,利用GIS空间分析技术对泸州市规划中心城区工程建设适宜性进行了评价,并对评价方法的可靠性进行了分析。结果表明：泸州市规划中心城区工程建设适宜性整体较好,以适宜、较适宜为主,其中适宜区、较适宜区分别占研究区总面积的36.16%、28.81%,此外适宜性差区、不适宜区各占20.96%、8.07%;泸州市城市规划建设、重大工程建设选址应在适宜区和较适宜区范围内,尽量避免适宜性差和不适宜地区;在适宜性差和不适宜地区进行工程建设应注意不同区段现有和可能诱发的地质灾害、地基不均匀沉降、软土、坍岸等问题的防治。建立的评价方法在丘陵城市工程建设适宜性评价上适用性较好。     

Geo-environmental quality assessment in Jharia coalfield,India, using multivariate statistics and geographic information system

A study on geo-environmental quality assessment in Jharia coalfield, India, has been attempted using multivariate statistical analysis and geographic information system (GIS) modelling techniques. Water quality index, calculated for each sample network station in the study area to assess the suitability of water for human consumption, revealed very poor to poor quality surface water and mine water. Air quality indexing indicated that there is no sample station with clean air as per the Indian standards, which indicate the hazardous air quality. Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE), a potential GIS tool, has been applied to the delineation of various degrees of stressed villages in terms of quality of life (QoL). The role of various geo-environmental parameters such as quality of groundwater, surface water, mine water and air together with village population densities has been emphasized for delineation of the environmentally stressed villages in Jharia coalfield. The integrated cluster analysis and MCE approach provide an improved means to geo-environmental quality assessment in Jharia coalfield in terms of QoL. The assessment study is aimed to be used for future coal mining, ensuring ecologically sustainable industrial development, particularly in a coalfield.     

郑州市城区中层基坑工程地质环境适宜性评价

基坑工程是地下空间建设的主要开发形式。为了更加科学合理地开发城市地下空间,在对郑州市已有地质资料梳理的基础上,构建适用于中层基坑工程的地质环境适宜性评价指标体系,采用多目标线性加权函数法对郑州市中层基坑工程地质环境适宜性进行综合评价。研究结果表明：郑州市中层基坑工程地质环境适宜性评价指标可划分为5大类13个指标,其中基坑稳定性、潜水水位埋深、含水层富水性对评价结果的影响较大。综合评价结果中适宜性好区位于京广铁路以西,适宜性中等区分布在京广铁路以东、东风渠以南、京广高速铁路以西的区域,适宜性差区分布在龙湖附近及京广高速铁路以东的区域内,禁止建设区沿水库、南水北调工程、铁路、地下文物分布。评价结果表明郑州市中层基坑工程开发条件整体适宜性中等。郑州市中层基坑工程地质环境适宜性评价工作适用性较强,可为郑州市地下空间开发利用规划提供技术支撑,且评价指标体系可用于地质条件类似的城市的地下空间地质环境适宜性评价工作中。     

Applications of GIS to urban planning and management: Problems facing Japanese local governments

Japanese local governments consist of about 3,380 municipalities in 2000. The total survey undertaken in 1997 says that GIS was implemented in 455 (14.3%) out of 3,182 municipalities that answered to the survey. This paper considers GIS utilization, especially focusing on urban planning and management in Japanese local government. Typical GIS applications in the urban planning and management are divided into three businesses: inquiry on the content of urban plan decision, register management, and planning. The most successful GIS application in the local government is an inquiry system on the content of urban plan decision. ‘Mappy’, Urban Plan Information Inquiry System developed by Yokohama City, is introduced as an example. The register management treats the registers for urban planned road, urban park, and urban open space, and the receipt book for development permission application. GIS can systematize their management based on maps. District diagnosis system using GIS performed two analyses in Ichikawa City. One is the calculation of area and ratio for land-use. The other is the measurement of land-use purity. GIS can calculate the degree of purity (namely occupancy rate) of specified land-use in the land-use zoning system. Most of Japanese local governments implement GIS and obtain moderate results. However, it is reported that some municipalities that paid huge amount of budget to implement GIS hardly used them. The final section will consider various issues in the use of administrative GIS. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

影响黄山市中心城区工程建设的地质因素及工程建设适宜性评价

通过野外地质调查和室内综合分析,研究黄山市中心城区地形地貌、水文、工程地质、水文地质和地质灾害等可能影响工程建设的主要地质因素的发育特征,并运用多因子分级加权指数法进行工程建设适宜性评价。研究区可划分为工程建设适宜区、较适宜区和适宜性差区3个等级;黄山市中心城区地质环境总体较好,工程建设适宜区和较适宜区面积广且成片分布,与定性认识基本吻合。以上认识可为黄山市中心城区城市规划布局、建设、发展及工程选址提供基础资料和决策依据。     

城市建设用地与地质环境协调性评价的GIS方法及其应用

城市地质环境评价是城市规划和场地选址的基础 .以兰州市为例 ,以地理信息系统软件ARC/INFO为开发平台 ,建立了城市地质环境基础数据库 ,将城市用地类型分为高层建筑用地、多层建筑用地、低层建筑用地、垃圾填埋用地及自然保护用地 ,系统分析了各类用地与地质环境协调性评价的指标体系 ,采用层次分析法建立了评价模型 ,对不同的用地类型进行了评价 .结果表明GIS与评价模型的结合可以快捷、准确地进行城市建设用地与地质环境的协调性评价     

江苏沿海地区工程建设地质适宜性评价

建筑用地适宜性评价对城市规划和土地利用总体规划具有重要意义,是资源环境承载力评价的重要组成部分,但目前无统一的地质适宜性评价标准,尚处于研究探索阶段。江苏沿海地区沉积环境复杂,软土严重区软土厚度10 m,地面沉降严重区地面沉降速率10 mm/a。通过探讨基于层次分析法的建筑用地工程建设地质适宜性评价和基于地质环境问题的限制性因素评价方法,发现这2种方法相互结合、互为补充,可在城乡规划中发挥支撑规划编制和工程建设的双重作用。     

Gis-aided land evaluation and decision-making for regulating urban expansion: A South African case study

A computerised aid to the land use planning process is demonstrated on the urban edge of Cape Town, South Africa. Multi-criteria analysis is performed in the IDRISI GIS package to evaluate development suitability for four land use categories according to appropriately measured and weighted criteria. The four suitability images are then subjected to multi-objective land allocation to demarcate optimum locations for each land use type. The decision-making process entails execution of seven consecutive steps which are discussed in detail and applied in the case study. Technical decisions are rationalised and results displayed. The paper concludes with a call for the development of applications which can incorporate public participation in this type of decision-making process to ensure the wider acceptance of advanced GIS technology as appropriate technology.     

Land suitability assessment for sugarcane cultivation in Bijnor district,India using geographic information system and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process

Land suitability evaluation is prerequisite for assessing the limitations for sustainable land use planning. We used ten site specific criteria (rainfall, texture, drainage, soil depth, slope, distance to major road, distance to nearest sugar mill, erosion hazard, risk of flooding and pH) and applied weighted multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique in a geographic information system (GIS) environment to evaluate land suitability for sugarcane cultivation in Bijnor district, India. The weightage of all the parameters was calculated through fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Sugarcane suitability map was prepared integrating various parameters through weighted overlay analysis. The map was categorized as highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and unsuitable (N). The analysis revealed that of the total cultivable land of the district, largest area (61%) was highly suitable followed by moderately suitable (24%), marginally suitable (7%) and unsuitable (8%) for sugarcane cultivation. Nagina, Najibabad and Bijnor sub-districts need attention of land managers and policy makers to remove the limitations and increase the suitability of sugarcane in such areas. Only 7% area was unsuitable for sugarcane cultivation. Slope, soil depth and erosion hazard were the major limiting factors making the land unsuitable for sugarcane cultivation. Therefore, these areas should be given priority for land and soil restoration efforts. The study showed effectiveness of integrated GIS and MCE approach for land suitability analysis of sugarcane.     

京张地区区域地壳稳定性评价

在野外调查和广泛收集资料的基础上,分析了控制和影响京张地区区域地壳稳定性的主要因素及内外动力地质的耦合作用。选取活动断裂、地震活动性和深部地球物理等因素,同时选取工程岩组、地形地貌与地表地质灾害等11个因素作为评价因子,并对评价因子进行了分类赋值。采用多因素加权叠加分析方法,建立了区域地壳稳定性评价模型,基于GIS平台对京张地区的区域地壳稳定性进行了定量化评价,将研究区划分为稳定区、次稳定区、次不稳定区和不稳定区4个等级。依据区域地壳稳定性评价结果,为京张高速铁路、云顶滑雪场、石京龙滑雪场的建设和运营提出相关建议,为京张地区国土规划提供了基础依据。      

苏州城市规划区地下空间开发适宜性评价

结合苏州城市规划区的地质环境特点,选取地形地貌、建筑场地类别、不良岩土体、水文条件、地质灾害等5个方面13个因子作为地下空间资源开发适宜性评价指标,运用层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标因子的权重,采用多目标线性加权函数建立评价数学模型,利用GIS叠加生成适宜性评价图。结果表明:西部基岩山区地质环境条件较好,适宜地下空间开发,东部平原区水系发育,软土层较厚,水文条件复杂,地下空间开发适宜性相对较差。     

山东省日照市蓝色经济区工程建设适宜性评价

本文以山东省日照市蓝色经济区为研究区, 通过野外地质调查和室内综合分析, 选取场地稳定性、工程地质条件、地下水条件, 地形排水条件、地质灾害及其他因素6个一级评价因子, 构造活动、场地土类型、建筑场地类别等13个二级评价因子, 利用专家-层次分析定权法进行区内工程建设适宜性评价, 得到了相应工程建设评价分区图。评价结果表明, 日照市场地工程建设适宜性总体较好, 大部分地区适宜进行高层建筑工程建设, 占84.50%; 地下空间开发利用条件优越, 全区多数地区属于城市地下空间建设适宜区, 适宜性差及不适宜区主要分布在付疃河两岸附近和海岸附近、大型高速公路和铁路沿线一带区域及城区; 轨道交通建设适宜性良好, 小部分不适宜区主要集中在付疃河下游夹仓和小古镇一带及其沿海地区。评价结果可有效地服务于该地区规划布局、建设发展和工程选址, 具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。     

Comprehensive suitability evaluation of urban geological environment in Zhengzhou-Kaifeng area

Suitability evaluation of urban geological environment is an important basic work in city planning and construction. With Zhengzhou-Kaifeng area as the research area, this paper discusses AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods to classify impact factors at different levels, makes a mixing evaluation of the basic factors and comprehensive factors so as to correct the uncertainty of the weight of the basic factors in the initial evaluation and establish the corresponding evaluation index system, and carries out urban geological environment suitability evaluation in study area. Furthermore, this paper partitions the suitability of the research area according to evaluation results into five zones. It puts forward opinions and suggestions for the construction of research area, which have certain practical significances.     

Potential suitability for urban planning and industry development using natural hazard maps and geological–geomorphological parameters

During the planning of an urban environment, usually only economic and social parameters are taken into account. As a result, urban areas are susceptible to natural disasters, which cause extensive damages in them, because the cities or towns have been repeatedly located in vulnerable areas. In this study, for the protection of human environment, is proposed a unique approach of urban planning and sustainable development. The study area is Trikala Prefecture (Western Thessaly, Central Greece). An integrated evaluation of the suitable areas for urban growth and light industry development is proposed by using mainly natural hazards as well as geological–geomorphological–geographical characteristics of the study area. The used parameters were correlated by using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method and incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS) in order to produce the corresponding suitability maps. The study area is classified in five categories of very high, high, moderate, low, and very low suitability for urban growth and industrial development. Moreover, the spatio-temporal changes of the urban limits are studied since 1885 for the three major towns (Trikala, Kalambaka and Pyli) of the study area. These changes sketch out the urban growth trend. The comparison between the urban growth trend with the potential suitability for urban growth and industrial development of these towns lead to discrepancies. These can be attributed mainly to the fact that in the majority of cases, only geographical, social, and economical factors were used for urban development, whereas in our study, natural hazards, geomorphological, and geographical parameters were quantified and taken into account.     

城市地理信息系统应用

针对近年来国内外城市地理信息系统的应用成果,从城市规划、城市环境、城市灾害、城市土地利用等方面加以总结。同时提出,当前一个国家和地区城市化的发展规划决策中必须应用地理信息系统,作为一项系统工程,只有结合城市遥感、多元信息复合等相关学科,才能发挥其优势,为政论及有关部门决策提供有力的依据。     

Volcanic Risk Assessment and Mapping in the Vesuvian Area Using GIS

This paper assesses the risk to people and property from lava flow hazard in the Vesuvian area of Italy using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The intense urbanisation and dense population near Mt. Vesuvius make the area very hazardous. Due to the large amount of available data, GIS is an essential tool to facilitate risk evaluation and constant monitoring of the zone. This analysis is based mainly on a lava flow hazard map of Mt. Vesuvius, determined from volcanic activity between 1631 and 1944. A land-use zonation map of the area was created in order to show areal distribution of the resources, built-up centres and population. For each of the 17 municipalities in the area, demographic and urban data were entered into the GIS database and linked to each appropriate geographic unit in order to create a set of reference maps at the 1:50 000 scale. The lava flow hazard map was overlain on the land use map, and spatial and numerical information of risk were extracted from the resulting maps.     

GIS-based land suitability analysis integrating multi-criteria evaluation for the allocation of potential pollution sources

The geological environment has been heavily polluted by chemical substances over the past few decades. Pollution sources located on the earth’s surface or underground have affected the quality of the environment. A significant amount of impact could be reduced if the allocation of potential pollution sources was based on an evaluation of environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to develop a methodology for the allocation of potential pollution sources by employing GIS and multi-criteria evaluation techniques. This methodology was applied to a study area located in the eastern part of Lithuania. A GIS-based land suitability analysis was performed after identifying 16 factors concerning the geological and socio-economic environment, which were important for environmental protection, land use and spatial planning. The environmental and socio-economic factors were divided into eliminating and limiting criteria. Criteria maps based on the selected factors were compiled. Areas delineated by eliminating criteria were identified as unsuitable for development (according to national legislation). Limiting criteria were evaluated according to the suitability level, which were determined in this study considering the principles of sustainable development. The relative importance of each criterion was assessed utilising the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). A land suitability index (LSI) was calculated and the final result of the land suitability analysis was summarized in three suitability maps (environmental, socio-economic and composite). Four suitability classes (unsuitable, least, moderately and most suitable) for the allocation of potential pollution sources in the study area were used, and the nine most suitable candidate sites were selected according to the proposed methodology.     

Application of geo-environmental capacity of ground buildings in urban planning

The restrictions of the geo-environment are often ignored in urban planning, thereby directly causing a variety of geological hazards, including large areas of land subsidence in soft soil area. Based on the control objective of land subsidence, the geo-environmental capacity of ground buildings (GECGB) is defined. The relationship between floor area ratio (FAR) and land subsidence in Shanghai, China is analyzed. The results illustrate that land subsidence increases as FAR increases, and that the engineering environmental effect of the high-rise building group is the main factor affecting land subsidence in Shanghai, China. Hayashi’s Quantification Theory type I is selected to evaluate the GECGB of four typical areas in Shanghai. The prediction model is established based on existing background materials and the GECGB expressed by allowable FAR of the four typical areas are calculated. The evaluation approach promoted in this paper can be applied in urban planning to control the land subsidence induced by dense high-rise buildings.