渤海 ＣＦ油田古近系湖相碳酸盐岩储层特征

钻井揭示，渤海 ＣＦ油田古近系湖相碳酸盐岩储层具有较强的非均值性。根据岩心、薄片、测井、分析化验、三维地震等各项资料，研究了 ＣＦ油田古近系沙一段湖相碳酸盐岩的岩性、储集空间类型、物性、优质储层发育控制因素及分布特征。研究结果表明:ＣＦ油田沙一段湖相碳酸盐岩以生屑云岩为主，夹生屑灰岩、泥晶球团粒云岩等，纵向上可分为生屑云岩段和云质砾岩段；储集空间以孔隙为主，孔隙类型多为粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内孔，微裂缝发育，生屑云岩段多为中－高角度的构造－溶蚀缝，云质砾岩段多见压溶缝和收缩缝，云质砾岩段裂缝较生屑云岩段发育，裂缝被方解石充填严重；储层物性为中低孔低渗，渗透率大小与孔隙结构特征对应明显；优质储层主要为生屑云岩段，沉积作用、构造作用和溶蚀作用是控制储集层物性的关键因素；工区范围内发育断陷湖盆中央台地相，生屑滩、粒屑滩对应的生屑云岩段为优势沉积相带。在综合分析基础上开展的储层分类评价结果表明，古地貌相对高点及古地貌斜坡处为优质储层发育区，预测的优质储层平面厚度分布可以指导油田的高效开发。      

巴什托油气田石炭系巴楚组碳酸盐岩储层特征及控制因素

根据薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、压汞实验、物性参数测定,结合岩心、测井资料对储层进行精细描述,分析巴什托油气田石炭系巴楚组碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素。结果表明:巴楚组为碳酸盐台地沉积,主要发育局限台地和蒸发台地两种亚相,巴楚组上段生屑灰岩段为巴什托石炭系油藏主要储层,岩石类型以泥晶云岩、粉晶云岩等碳酸盐岩为主;储集空间类型主要有孔隙、孔洞、裂缝三大类,其中白云岩段为细喉、中孔—中渗孔隙型储层,灰岩段为微细喉、低孔—低渗裂缝型储层。储层发育受多种因素影响,沉积相是储层发育的物质基础,优质储集相带集中在白云岩段的局限台地云坪、灰云坪微相中;溶蚀作用、白云石化作用形成大量次生溶孔,改善白云岩段储层储集性能;构造作用产生的裂缝为溶蚀作用提供渗流通道,提高储层渗透性。研究结果为巴什托碳酸盐岩储层勘探提供指导。     

中东M油田Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储集层分类及主控因素

为揭示碳酸盐岩储层非均质性对开发生产的影响,以中东M油田白垩系Mishrif组生物碎屑灰岩为研究对象,基于岩心、铸体薄片、分析化验及生产测试等资料,通过地质成因—储层物性—生产动态相互标定,采用每米日产油和物性指标进行储层分类.结果表明:M油田白垩系Mishrif组储层划分为3类,Ⅰ类储层发育于高能浅滩,Ⅱ类储层发育于低能潟湖和高能浅滩,Ⅲ类储层主要发育于潟湖.储层特征受沉积作用和成岩作用综合控制,浅滩原始物性好,滩体顶部发生强溶蚀、弱胶结,储层孔渗同步提升,形成Ⅰ类储层;滩体下部以破坏性成岩作用为主,发生弱溶蚀、强胶结,降低储层物性,形成Ⅱ类储层.潟湖相岩石原始物性较低,沉积期生物扰动形成连通潜穴,为成岩流体提供运移通道,后期以建设性成岩作用为主,溶蚀作用和白云化作用在潜穴和基底形成大量铸模孔、晶间孔和生物体腔孔,有效改善岩石物性,形成Ⅱ类或Ⅲ类储层.该结果为中东厚层碳酸盐岩储层分类提供参考.     

川西坳陷雷四~3亚段储层控制因素及孔隙演化特征

根据岩心、薄片观察、扫描电镜、物性和地化分析等资料,研究四川盆地西部坳陷雷口坡组雷四3亚段白云岩储层控制因素及孔隙演化特征。结果表明:雷四3亚段白云岩分为晶粒白云岩、颗粒白云岩和藻纹层白云岩三种类型,储集空间分为晶间孔和晶间溶孔、藻间溶孔、窗格孔和溶洞四种类型;白云岩结构对储层物性影响不大;沉积环境决定储层呈薄层叠置形态;浅埋藏期白云岩化作用形成大量晶间孔,为储层发育奠定基础;准同生期和表生期溶蚀形成的孔隙后期易被胶结作用、去白云岩化作用和压实压溶作用破坏;埋藏期溶蚀作用能有效改善前期被破坏的孔隙,提高储层物性,是储层形成的关键。该研究成果为川西坳陷雷口坡组白云岩储层油气勘探提供地质依据。     

陆相页岩油勘探“进源找油”探索与思考——以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段为例

基于源岩油气理论和“进源找油”思想,创建提出了陆相页岩油“六定”思路(定背景、定源岩、定储层、定区带、定资源、定甜点)勘探流程,剖析其地质特征及与常规勘探流程的显著差异,并以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段为例进行了论述。按“六定”思路地质评价认为,歧口凹陷在古近纪湖盆扩张和咸化环境下,半深湖—深湖、滨浅湖—湖湾相区分布广泛,发育了多个斜坡构造带,页岩油形成和聚集背景有利。沙一下亚段暗色泥岩、油页岩、富有机质页岩发育,厚度大,分布广,主体处于成熟生油阶段,生烃条件好。受内、外物源共同控制,沙一下亚段形成大面积分布的多期重力流沉积粉—细砂岩和泥—微晶白云岩储层,平均厚度为12.7~70.0 m,叠置发育,连片分布,整体呈低孔、特低—超低渗。沙一下亚段源储一体,发育4类源储配置,源储叠合区主要分布在凹陷中心、宽缓斜坡的中—低斜坡区和中斜坡区,纵向上浊积席状砂岩油层与白云岩油层叠置分布,并与高斜坡及裂缝带砂岩常规油藏横向连片。两类页岩油地质资源量合计中值为5.86×108 t,剩余资源占比大于60%,埋深适中,勘探潜力较大。沙一下亚段已有多口探井钻获工业油流,页岩油富集受构造、微相、成岩共同控制,发育致密砂岩、白云岩2类甜点体和4个甜点段,歧北低斜坡、歧南斜坡、板桥斜坡、歧北中斜坡是歧口凹陷近期勘探的有利甜点区。基于“进源找油”思想提出:需高度重视碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃贡献和分布研究;应开拓一些“非常规思维”,探源岩(区)挖潜力、究储层找甜点、常规非常规结合立体综合勘探;要持续探索和重点攻关页岩油甜点区(段)识别和评价方法技术,解决选区评价面临的技术难题。     

冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡沙一下亚段地震沉积学

冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡因富含油气而备受关注,随着勘探程度的不断提高,岩性-地层油气藏成为蠡县斜坡增储上产的主要目标,明确砂体成因类型及其分布演化规律是油气高效勘探开发的关键。综合利用岩芯、测井和三维地震资料,开展了蠡县斜坡北段沙一下亚段地震沉积学研究。依据沙一下亚段顶、底界面T4和T42地震反射标志层以及内部T43地震反射标志层,将沙一下亚段划分为尾砂岩段和特殊岩性段。浅水三角洲成因的尾砂岩段可细分为浅水三角洲平原、浅水三角洲前缘(内前缘和外前缘)及前浅水三角洲等3种亚相类型;特殊岩性段以滩坝-湖泊沉积为特征,砂体类型主要为砂质碎屑岩滩坝,碳酸盐岩滩坝次之。尾砂岩段沉积时期,浅水三角洲体系在平面上表现出明显的分带性,浅水三角洲内前缘水下分流河道砂体分布范围广,最大推进距离达15km,是研究区的主力储层;从早到晚,伴随着湖平面逐步上升,西南部物源逐步占据主导地位,而北部物源影响范围减小。特殊岩性段沉积时期,湖平面迅速上升,浅水三角洲体系完全退出蠡县斜坡北段,沉积体系以滨浅湖—半深湖和滩坝沉积为特征,砂体类型主要为砂质碎屑岩滩坝,分布在研究区东部(面积约12km2),大多平行于湖岸线呈条带状展布。根据沉积学和地震沉积学研究,分别建立了研究区尾砂岩段和特殊岩性段时期的沉积模式,为下一步储层预测和油气勘探开发提供参考。     

巴麦地区石炭系小海子组储层特征及控制因素分析

在岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜资料分析的基础上,结合孔隙度、渗透率等物性资料,分析巴麦地区石炭系小海子组储层特征及控制因素.结果表明:该组的储集层岩石类型中,白云岩储层物性较灰岩好,而颗粒灰(云)岩物性也较非颗粒灰(云)岩好;储集空间类型以粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和晶间溶孔为主;沉积相带、成岩作用及构造作用等是影响研究区储层物性的重要条件,其中高能的台地滩相储集岩是有利储层的发育地带,大气淡水暴露溶蚀作用和白云岩化作用改善了储集空间,构造破裂作用所产生的裂缝使储层物性得到进一步改善.该研究对认识巴麦地区小海子组储层特征及主控因素有参考意义.     

纯化油田湖相滩坝薄储层含油性差异及控制因素

纯化油田滩坝储层岩性复杂,泥岩、砂岩和碳酸盐岩呈薄层状频繁互层,不同储层的物性差异明显。综合运用岩心、测井、扫描电镜、物性实验和生产动态等资料,对储层含油性差异及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明:研究区发育坝、砂质滩、颗粒滩、泥晶滩及浅湖泥5种微相,物源、成岩作用、沉积微相和储层厚度均对储层含油性有控制作用。优质储层在垂向上有分层性,纯上砂层组砂岩储层优于纯下砂层组碳酸盐岩储层,其中成岩作用改造作用明显,钙质胶结使砂岩物性变差,溶蚀作用使鲕粒灰岩孔渗性优于泥晶灰岩;平面上有分区性,与沉积微相密切相关,坝、砂质滩最好,颗粒滩次之,泥晶滩最差;同一相带内又受储层厚度影响,厚度越大产油越好。     

川中磨溪地区龙王庙组晶粒白云岩储集性能及成因机制

以岩心观察和薄片鉴定为基础，结合沉积学、储层地质学等相关理论为指导，针对磨溪地区下寒武统龙王庙组晶粒白云岩开展了较精细的储层特征及成因研究。研 究 结 果 表 明，川中地区龙王庙组晶粒白云岩储层储集性能良好，其主要的储集岩类型为粉晶白云岩及具残余颗粒结构的粉晶白云岩；储集空间包括晶间孔、晶间溶孔、溶洞与裂缝，总体上表现为“中低孔低渗”的孔隙型 和 孔 隙－裂 缝 型 储 层。研究区晶粒白云岩储层的发育及演化受到沉积作用和成岩作用的共同控制:位于古地貌高地的台坪相及颗粒滩相为储层的形成奠定了物质基础；白云岩化和重结晶作用是形成现今粉晶白云岩及具残余颗粒结构粉晶白云岩的最直接原因；而多期溶蚀改造是研究区晶粒白云岩储层次生孔隙和溶洞形成的关键。综合以上研究认识建立了龙王庙组粉晶白云岩储层成因演化模式，并将其演化划分为同生沉积成岩阶段、埋藏阶段及构造破裂阶段。      

伦坡拉盆地始新统牛堡组湖相白云岩储层特征及主控因素

西藏伦坡拉盆地中北部始新统牛堡组发现湖相白云岩,具有良好的油气勘探潜力,但勘探程度相对较低,白云岩储层特征研究薄弱。基于野外剖面和岩心观察、普通薄片和铸体薄片鉴定,采用物性及X线衍射等测试方法,分析伦坡拉盆地始新统牛堡组湖相白云岩储层特征和主控因素,结合沉积相展布进行白云岩储层分布预测。结果表明:研究区牛堡组白云岩中白云石质量分数差异明显,整体不纯,岩石类型包括凝灰质白云岩、含铁质泥晶白云岩、泥质白云岩、白云质泥岩和含陆源碎屑白云岩等;储集空间类型主要为晶间孔、溶蚀孔和裂缝等;储层以低孔低渗(孔隙度为10.00%～15.00%,渗透率为(0.1～1.564 6)×10~(-3)μm~2)和特低孔特低渗(孔隙度为0.73%～10.00%,渗透率为(0.001 9～0.1)×10~(-3)μm~2)为主,少量中孔低渗(孔隙度为15.00%～16.72%,渗透率为(0.1～1.564 6)×10~(-3)μm~2)。白云岩储层受岩性和沉积微相控制明显,白云石质量分数越高,储层物性越好,中低能云质滩和泥云坪物性较好。研究区白云岩储层主要发育于牛二段中亚段和牛三段上亚段,盆地隆起和东部为湖相白云岩储层的主要发育区。该结果为拓展研究区的油气勘探提供参考。     

四川盆地珍珠冲组植物群特点及侏罗系与三叠系界线的厘定

归纳总结了四川盆地珍珠冲组植物化石7类50属128种,须家河组植物化石10类71属267种,并将珍珠冲组植物群划分为上、下两个组合.通过分析两组植物群的发育特点及演化规律,结合区域有关资料,对侏罗系与三叠系界线进行了厘定.在四川盆地北部大巴山前缘地区,依据珍珠冲组(白田坝组)的岩性特征和所含植物化石特征,将侏罗系与三叠系的界线置于含Coniopteris植物化石的珍珠冲组(白田坝组)底部石英质砾岩或石英砂岩之下的假整合面或剥蚀面上;在四川盆地东北部的云阳、奉节及长江以南万县地区,侏罗系与三叠系的界线划在云阳南溪剖面上含Coniopteris murrayana植物化石8.3 m之下的珍珠冲组黄绿色泥质粉砂岩夹粉砂质泥岩地层之底.     

Numerical study of the seasonal salinity budget of the upper ocean in the Bay of Bengal in 2014

Impact factors on the salinity budget,especially the eddy salt fluxes and smaller-scale diffusive salt fluxes for the upper 50 m of the Bay of Bengal(BoB) in 2014 are investigated using a box model based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS) daily outputs.The model results reproduce that the precipitation and river runoffs are the dominant factors modulating the sharp salinity decrease during the summer monsoon season.The analysis shows that the salinity increase after the summer monsoon is mostly due to the meridional advective and diffusive salt fluxes.The vertical advective salt flux,which is sensitive to the different signals of the wind stress curl,plays an important role in balancing the salinity change induced by the meridional advective salt flux during both the summer and winter monsoon seasons.Distinctive spatial mesosc ale structures are presented in the eddy salt flux throughout the year,and their contributions are sizeable(over 30% in the meridional direction and about 10%-30% in the vertical direction).The meridional eddy salt flux is larger in the monsoon seasons than that in the inter-monsoon seasons,and in a positive pattern near the western boundary during the winter monsoon and autumn inter-monsoon.The vertical eddy salt flux makes an important contribution to the salinity budget,especially along the coastal area and around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.The vertical eddy salt flux becomes large when a tropical cyclone passes the area.     

分形异常筛选法在桐柏山-大别山地区钼矿调查中的应用

应用分形法对桐柏山-大别山地区进行了钼元素地球化学异常筛选与靶区预测,以期实现该地区的找矿新突破。研究
最终在桐柏-大别地区圈定出25个有利钼异常区及5个靶区,分别是枣扒靶区、吴山靶区、墨斗关靶区、两路口靶区、烈马咀靶
区。其中,重点对两路口靶区进行了勘查工作,并且在该地区新发现了小型钨矿体。综合说明,分形法对桐柏山-大别山地区的
异常筛选工作优于传统方法,本次研究的成果对桐柏山-大别山地区寻找钼、钨矿床具有较强的指导意义。      

Changes in the network of tourist trails in the border zones of the Czech Republic after entering the Schengen area

Among the factors influencing tourist trail network development are political issues, including the presence of state borders, the possibility of crossing them and the accessibility of border zones. In the article, it was decided to look at changes in the offer of tourist trails(hiking and cycling) along the entire border of the Czech Republic after the extension of the Schengen area(within this area, crossing the border is possible anywhere, and not only at official border crossings). It should be emphasized here that the borders of the Czech Republic over most of their length run through mountainous areas and, apart from political factors, natural features should have a major impact on the development of tourist routes. In order to determine the coherence of the current network of trails on both sides of the Czech Republic state border, modern tourist maps have been analyzed, determining the number of places where it is possible to cross the state border with the help of a marked tourist trail. Based on that, two indicators were introduced to determine the degree of openness with all neighboring countries as regards the opportunity to cross on a tourist trail. Changes in the historical situation, a comparison of the accessibility of the border area before entering the Schengen area and 2019, were analyzed for two study areas using archival maps. Over a decade after the extension of the Schengen area, the number of places where tourist trails of neighboring countries approach the border has clearly increased. Crossing is more often made possible using hiking trails than cycling routes(trails of the first type cross the border every 7.91 km, while the latter every 13.3 km), but considering the speed of movement, it can be assessed that the openness for cyclists is higher than for hikers. Moreover, in many places there is still significant potential for further integration of tourist trail networks as trails created in one country often do not have a continuation on the other side of the border.     

Characteristics of the transition Layer in the South China Sea in 1998

CTD data on standard levels coolected during July and December in 1998 and the cubic spline interpolating method were used to study the characteristics of the transition layer temperature and salinity.The thermocline undergoes remarkable seasonal variation in the South China Sea (SCS),and especially in the region of the north shelf where the thermocline disappears in december.The thermocline is stronger and thicker in July than in December,There is no obvious seasonal variation in the halocline.Due to the upper Ekman transport caused by monsoon over the SCS,the thermocline slopes upward in July and downward in december from east to west in the northern SCS.The characteristics of the thermocline and halocline are influenced by local eddies in the SCS.The Zhujiang diluted flow influences significantly the SCS shelf‘s halocline.     

严格执法监督 大力推进国土资源管理依法行政

介绍了泰州市在推进国土资源管理走上法制化轨道的过程中采取的一系列措施.从健全规章制度,规范执法行为,实行责任追究制度,制约行政权力到严格考核奖惩,确保各项措施落到实处,便民服务,公开接受社会监督等,取得了明显的成效.     

Assessment of Habitat Suitability in the Upper Reaches of the Min River in China

Habitat richness influences and even determines biological diversity. Plant habitat suitability assessment can provide technical guidance and information support for ecological restoration. Thirteen factors in three categories of terrain, meteorology and soil were chosen to build a habitat suitability assessment index framework in the Upper Reaches of the Min River, based on the local natural environment and the actual influencing factors of vegetative growth. Combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and entropy method, which were used to calculate weights of indexes, habitat suitability was studied by using a multi-objective linear weighting model and geographic information systems(GIS) spatial analysis techniques. The assessment results are as follows: Altitude, soil stability, aspect and slope have more important effects on plant habitat suitability in the Upper Reaches of the Min River, and their weights are 0.311, 0.260, 0.198 and 0.125, respectively. Suitable and sub-suitable habitats cover 4431.80 km2 and 6171.12 km2, respectively; most of which are distributed along both sides of rivers and have higher suitability. Unsuitable habitats cover the largest area(6679.76 km2), accounting for 29.83% of the whole area; and the worst unsuitable habitats are 5107.23 km2(22.81%); they account for more than half of the studyarea. These results indicate that the plant habitat in the Upper Reaches of the Min River is poor and ecological restoration is both urgent and difficult. Therefore, based on the principle of taking measures suitable to the habitat in ecological restoration projects, ecological and engineering measures should be combined to have better effects, while increasing the strength of ecological protection.     

鱼虾混养池中蓝藻群落结构及其微囊藻毒素含量变化

对广东省中山市三角镇的低盐度鱼虾混养池进行连续采样分析,结果表明,混养池中的蓝藻主要有螺旋藻(Spirulina sp.),鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.),颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)等,其中盐泽螺旋藻的优势度为0.52~0.73。蓝藻是水体中的优势微藻种群,蓝藻细胞数量占微藻细胞数量的88%~99%,蓝藻细胞数为0.99×10~9~5.89×l0~9 cell/L。混养池微藻多样性指数(H’)为1.16~2.49,养殖水体处于中度污染状态。溶解性无机氮的质量浓度为0.13~2.30 mg/L,正磷酸盐质量浓度为0.25~2.39 mg/L,化学需氧量的质量浓度为1.94~13.79 mg/L。微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)在水中质量浓度为0.18~0.79μg/L。蓝藻细胞数量与化学需氧量之间呈显著的正相关关系,表明蓝藻的生长情况与养殖池中的有机污染程度有密切联系,低盐度的富营养化的水体能促进蓝藻的生长,成为微藻群落中的优势种群。MC-LR的质量浓度与蓝藻细胞数量之间无显著相关。     

Contrast between the climatic states of the warm pool in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific Ocean

Based on the analysis of Levitus data, the climatic states of the warm pool in the Indian Ocean (WPIO) and in the Pacific Ocean (WPPO) are studied. it is found that WPIO has a relatively smaller area, a shallower bottom and a slightly lower seawater temperature than those of WPPO. The horizontal area at different depths, volumes, central positions, and bottom depths of both WPIO and WPPO show quite apparent signals of seasonal variation. The maximum amplitude of WPIO surface area’s seasonal variation is 58% larger over the annual mean value. WPIO’s maximum volume variation amplitude is 66% larger over the annual mean value. The maximum variation amplitudes of the surface area and volume of WPPO are 20.9% and 20.6% larger over the annual mean value respectively. WPIO and WPPO show different temporal and spatial characteristics mainly due to the different wind fields and restriction of ocean basin geometry. For instance, seasonal northern displacement of WPIO is, to some extent, constrained by the basin of the Indian Ocean, while WPPO moves relatively freely in the longitudinal direction. The influence of WPIO and WPPO over the atmospheric motion must be quite different.