羌塘盆地第一口油气科学钻探井油气地质成果及勘探意义

羌塘盆地位于青藏高原腹地,是我国陆上面积最大、勘探程度最低的油气勘探新区,长期以来,由于缺乏油气科学钻探井的验证,对盆地油气地质条件认识不清。最近,中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心在北羌塘中北部的半岛湖地区组织实施了第一口深达4696.18米的油气科学钻探井—羌科1井,本文对该科探井的油气地质成果进行了报道。钻遇了从上侏罗统至上三叠统的连续地层,其中下-中侏罗统雀莫错组与下伏上三叠统那底岗日组地层为整合接触,沉积环境为三角洲-局限台地环境。羌科1井在雀莫错组中首次钻遇了烃源岩,并发现13层气测异常,其中,3层为重要含气层,此外还识别出两套重要的区域性盖层和一套直接封盖层。这些成果表明半岛湖地区油气保存条件较好,是盆地油气勘探的有利地区。     

羌塘盆地与特提斯域油气盆地类比及其含油气远景

本文从羌塘盆地在特提斯域中的位置入手,对沉积充填、构造特征和地史演化加以论证,并与北带塔里木盆地进行具体对比。羌塘盆地与塔里木盆地沉积、构造、地史差异性十分明显,故其应划为中带,而不是北带。根据类比盆地选择原则,选取与羌塘盆地同属中带,沉积、构造,含油气性具可比性的伊朗卡维尔盆地、泰国呵叻盆地进行类比,发现羌塘盆地与两盆地沉积、构造、生储盖组合具相似性,唯油气保存条件较差。从亚洲特提斯域油气聚集地质特征分析,羌塘盆地油气远景毋庸质疑,只是因位于中带地质构造与改造十分复杂,油气远景虽好,但勘探难度相对较大。     

藏北羌塘盆地油气地质勘探新进展

羌塘盆地是青藏高原最大的含油气盆地,也是中国潜在的石油战略后备区之一。新的油气地质调查发现,盆地内发育优质古生代烃源岩,主要为石炭系、二叠系的暗色泥岩,具有机碳含量高的特征,机质类型主要为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型,Ro值大多为1.50%~2.40%,处于高成熟-过成熟阶段。前那底岗日组的古风化壳是盆地内新发现的潜在的储集层,其覆盖于二叠系以及前人已确定的三叠系肖茶卡组地层之上。新发现的上侏罗统-下白垩世白龙冰河组泥灰岩夹膏盐、页岩是区域上较好的盖层。盆地内近年来在地表发现油气显示250余处,其中最重要的是发现了现代天然气泄漏的泥火山,并采集到了天然气样品。综合考虑沉积相、烃源岩、储集层、盖层、保存条件等因素,优选了6个有利区块,其中,托纳木和半岛湖区块作为潜力目标区进行了勘探。     

羌塘盆地构造改造强度划分与油气远景区分析

位于青藏高原腹地的羌塘盆地是经历了多期构造改造的改造型盆地。通过对盆地地层暴露程度、变质作用．火山-岩浆活动和构造变形强度综合研究，将羌塘盆地划分为弱构造改造区、中等强改造区和强改造区3种改造类型。在此基础上，结合生、储、盖层特征、保存条件、构造条件和地表油气显示，采用多重信息叠合法将羌塘盆地划分为油气有利区、较有利区、较差区和不利区，其中吐坡错-确旦错-半岛湖地区、白滩湖-波涛湖地区、比洛错东-土门地区和长梁山-黑尖山地区为盆地油气有利远景区。     

Study on petroleum geological conditions in Dazhuom area of Southern Qiangtang Basin of Tibet

Previous researchers in Dazhuoma area of Southern Qiangtang Basin have found some sporadic oil and gas on the surface and collected a small amount of source rocks for analysis, but the exploration degree was generally low and they have not carried out systematic analysis of the generation, storage and cap of oil and gas. Based on the previous data, the authors in this paper have studied the characteristics of the source rocks, reservoir rocks and cap rocks in Dazhuoma area of Southern Qiangtang Basin by means of field petroleum geological survey, sample collection, indoor analysis and comparative research. The results suggest that the mudstone and shale of Adula Formation in the study area are considered as good source rocks, and the mudstone and silty mudstone of Sewa Formation are poor-medium source rocks, while Buqu Formation, Shari Formation and Suowa Formation are poor source rocks. The main reservoir rocks are the sandstone of Adula Formation and the dolomite of Buqu Formation. The cap rocks are argillaceous rocks, limestone and gypsum, and are mainly Ⅰ and Ⅱ cap rocks. Furthermore, the discovery of oil exposure shows that this basin has underwent the process of oil and gas generation, migration, gathering and losing, which builds the material foundation of oil and gas generation and the petroleum geological conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation. It is suggested that more drilling should be arranged in Darzhuoma anticline with good oil and gas storage conditions, and further deep research should be carried out to achieve oil and gas breakthrough in this area.     

北羌塘坳陷上三叠统沉积模式及对油气勘探的启示

基于北羌塘坳陷上三叠统基干剖面实测资料,开展地层层序划分对比和沉积相研究,建立沉积演化模式,揭示对羌塘盆地油气勘探的指示意义。结果表明：（1）北羌塘坳陷晚三叠世卡尼期—诺尼期可以划分为2个Ⅲ级层序,区域上沉积了4套地层,第1个Ⅲ级层序对应于甲丕拉组（LST）和波里拉组（TST、HST）,第2个Ⅲ级层序对应于阿堵拉组（SMT、TST和HST）和夺盖拉组（RST）;（2）北羌塘坳陷甲丕拉组沉积期主要沉积相为扇三角洲和三角洲,波里拉组沉积期可分为沿岸生物礁模式、远端变陡缓坡模式和碳酸盐岩台地模式,阿堵拉组沉积期主要以海岸、浅海陆棚相和三角洲相为主;（3）波里拉组外缓坡亚相和阿堵拉组浅海陆棚相可形成良好的灰泥岩类烃源岩,其中以阿堵拉组广覆式浅海陆棚相泥质烃源岩最重要,波里拉组油苗以海相成因和中高成熟度为主,主要来源于波里拉组外缓坡亚相泥灰岩,后期低熟油来自阿堵拉组浅海陆棚相混合型有机质。北羌塘坳陷发育多个大型富烃凹陷,上三叠统具有良好的生烃成藏条件,研究对深化羌塘油气地质认识,聚焦油气勘探目的层系具有重要地质意义。     

西藏南羌塘盆地达卓玛地区油气地质条件研究

前人在南羌塘达卓玛地区零星发现了一些地表油气显示并采集了少量的烃源岩进行分析,但勘查程度总体较低,未开展系统的生、储、盖研究。结合前人资料,通过野外石油地质调查、样品采集、室内分析、对比研究等手段,对南羌塘盆地达卓玛地区的烃源岩、储集岩、盖层等油气地质条件进行了分析,认为研究区阿堵拉组泥岩、页岩为好烃源岩,色哇组泥岩、粉砂质泥岩为差—中等烃源岩,布曲组、夏里组和索瓦组发育差烃源岩; 储集岩主要为阿堵拉组砂岩和布曲组白云岩; 盖层有泥质岩、灰岩和石膏,以Ⅰ、Ⅱ类盖层为主。野外调查中发现了大量地表油气显示,盆地经历了油气生成、运移、聚集和散失的过程,具有油气生成的物质基础和成藏的油气地质条件。建议在油气存储条件良好的达卓玛背斜布置钻井,进一步开展深部研究,力争实现该地区油气突破。     

Geological Conditions and Prospect Forecast of Shale Gas Formation in Qiangtang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The presence of shale gas has been confirmed in almost every marine shale distribution area in North America.Formation conditions of shale gas in China are the most favorable for marine,organic-rich shale as well.But there has been little research focusing on shale gas in Qiangtang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where a lot of Mesozoic marine shale formations developed.Based on the survey results of petroleum geology and comprehensive test analysis data for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,for the first time,this paper discusses characteristics of sedimentary development,thickness distribution,geochemistry,reservoir and burial depth of organic-rich shale,and geological conditions for shale gas formation in Qiangtang Basin.There are four sets of marine shale strata in Qiangtang Basin including Upper Triassic Xiaochaka Formation （T3x）,Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation （J2b）,Xiali Formation （J2x） and Upper Jurassic Suowa Formation （J3s）,the sedimentary types of which are mainly bathyal-basin facies,open platform-platform margin slope facies,lagoon and tidal-fiat facies,as well as delta facies.By comparing it with the indicators of gas shale in the main U.S.basins,it was found that the four marine shale formations in Qiangtang Basin constitute a multi-layer distribution of organic-rich shale,featuring a high degree of thickness and low abundance of organic matter,high thermal evolution maturity,many kinds of brittle minerals,an equivalent content of quartz and clay minerals,a high content of feldspar and low porosity,which provide basic conditions for an accumulation of shale gas resources.Xiaochaka Formation shale is widely distributed,with big thickness and the best gas generating indicators.It is the main gas source layer.Xiali Formation shale is of intermediate thickness and coverage area,with relatively good gas generating indicators and moderate gas formation potential.Buqu Formation shale and Suowa Formation shale are of relatively large thickness,and covering a small area,with poor gas generating indicators,and limited gas formation potential.The shale gas geological resources and technically recoverable resources were estimated by using geologic analogy method,and the prospective areas and potentially favorable areas for Mesozoic marine shale gas in Qiangtang Basin are forecast and analyzed.It is relatively favorable in a tectonic setting and indication of oil and gas,shale maturity,sedimentary thickness and gypsum-salt beds,and in terms of mineral association for shale gas accumulation.But the challenge lies in overcoming the harsh natural conditions which contributes to great difficulties in ground engineering and exploration,and high exploration costs.     

Exploration prospects of oil and gas in the Northwestern part of the Offshore Indus Basin,Pakistan

Oil and gas resources are short in Pakistan and no commercially viable oil and gas sources have been yet discovered in its offshore areas up to now. In this study, the onshore-offshore stratigraphic correlation and seismic data interpretation were conducted to determine the oil and gas resource potential in the Offshore Indus Basin, Pakistan. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the results and previous data, it is considered that the Cretaceous may widely exist and three sets of source rocks may be developed in the Offshore Indus Basin. The presence of Miocene mudstones has been proven by drilling to be high-quality source rocks, while the Cretaceous and Paleocene–Eocene mudstones are potential source rocks. Tectonic-lithologic traps are developed in the northwestern part of the basin affected by the strike-slip faults along Murray Ridge. Furthermore, the Cretaceous and Paleocene–Eocene source rocks are thick and are slightly affected by volcanic activities. Therefore, it can be inferred that the northwestern part of Offshore Indus Basin enjoys good prospects of oil and gas resources.     

辽西牛营子凹陷中元古界推覆体以下发现早中侏罗世优质烃源岩新地层

【研究目的】一直以来辽西牛营子凹陷油气勘探的目的层为中新元古界。由于构造抬升等因素,该凹陷地表未见辽西其他盆地出露的重要油气勘探层系—侏罗系北票组。【研究方法】本次通过辽凌地1井钻探,在牛营子凹陷中元古界碳酸盐岩推覆体下发现了一套厚层暗色泥岩,对其岩性及孢粉组合特征进行研究,并与辽西北票盆地实测的三宝四坑剖面北票组进行岩性组合对比。【研究结果】证实辽凌地1井中元古界碳酸盐岩推覆体以下厚层泥岩为侏罗系北票组。【结论】有机地球化学指标表明,该泥岩具有有机质丰度高、生烃潜力大的特点,是值得关注的优质烃源岩。该套厚层暗色沉积地层的发现表明侏罗系北票组是牛营子凹陷新的勘探层系,这一认识为研究辽西地区构造演化、油气地质条件提供了重要的基础地质资料。创新点：采用孢粉组合特征及岩性组合特征等方法确定辽凌地1井中元古界推覆体以下暗色泥岩为侏罗系北票组地层,依据地球化学指标确定该套地层为优质烃源岩。     

南羌塘盆地构造演化及其油气形成与构造保存条件研究

羌塘盆地是我国陆域上面积最大的海相盆地,前人对该盆地构造演化过程及其油气远景存在截然不同的观点。以最近完成的1︰ 5万地质调查为基础,本文再次讨论了南羌塘盆地构造演化过程及其油气远景。羌塘盆地中央近东西向的羌中隆起山脉将羌塘盆地分为南、北两部分。最近的研究表明,在寒武-奥陶纪之交,南、北羌塘块体被古大洋分隔开。北羌塘盆地南缘形成的晚三叠-早侏罗世的那底岗日组火山岩,其上部为流纹岩,表明晚三叠世南羌塘块体北向俯冲于北羌塘块体之下,在南羌塘块体北部形成了富含有机质的前陆盆地。南羌塘盆地南缘发育一套代表成熟海盆的侏罗纪复理石建造,表明南羌塘南部地区在早侏罗世具有被动大陆边缘的特点,随着南部班公-怒江洋的扩张,在南、北羌塘块体内分别沉积了侏罗纪-早白垩世的浅海相地层,以富含有机质礁灰岩为特征。盆地内部孕育了巨厚的晚白垩-古新世陆源碎屑岩,不整合覆盖于早期海相沉积岩之上,表明在该时期南羌塘块体逐渐从被动大陆边缘海相盆地转变为陆相盆地。新生代时期,印度与亚洲大陆持续汇聚,南羌塘盆地南向逆冲于拉萨块体之上,盆地内发育了多条大型逆冲断裂带,再次将盆地内部的上三叠统、侏罗系、白垩系富含有机质的海相礁灰岩深埋,这有利于油气资源的生成与保存。横跨南羌塘盆地的构造剖面显示盆地内部主要大型逆冲断裂带之间,构造变形较弱,发育宽缓的向斜构造,向斜核部发育新生代陆相地层,推测该新生代陆相地层之下保存有深埋的富含有机质的海相地层,因此,南羌塘盆地逆冲断裂带下盘和宽缓向斜核部区域可能具有良好的油气资源前景。     

柴达木盆地石炭系油气调查最新进展

柴达木盆地石炭系是海相油气勘探的新领域,通过对柴达木盆地石炭系油气地质条件进行调查,评价其资源潜力,为该区寻找油气战略接替区提供科学依据。以柴达木盆地石炭系为主要目标,通过调查和研究,首次获得柴达木盆地石炭系油气流,在柴达木盆地古生界海相新层系油气方面取得重要发现;综合区域调查、平衡剖面反演及镜质体反射率等分析,获取柴达木盆地主要构造运动期次;结合盆地模拟技术,重建了石炭系埋藏史,分析了柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系烃源岩油气地化指标,研究了烃源岩生烃演化史。研究表明:柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系烃源岩广泛发育,有机质丰度较高,埋深较大,但未发生变质,处于成熟-高成熟阶段;德令哈坳陷石炭系埋藏史主要表现为快速埋藏期、稳定期与强烈抬升剥蚀期,新生代以来沉降史与抬升剥蚀史存在着差异;石炭系烃源岩热演化史主要表现为“存在二次生烃,晚期生烃为主”的特点,主要受该区构造运动控制;柴达木盆地热演化总体表现为缓慢降低的趋势,主要受控于柴达木盆地岩浆热事件与构造活动。调查分析表明,新层系石炭系油气条件良好,资源前景广阔,是柴达木盆地下一步勘探的接替层系。     

羌塘盆地QK-1孔烃类气体分布特征与成因来源

青藏高原冻土区面积约150×104 km²,是中国最大的冻土区,具备良好的天然气水合物形成条件和找矿前景,而羌塘盆地是形成条件和找矿前景最好的地区。南羌塘盆地毕洛错地区QK-1科学钻探试验井顶空气样品的烃类气体组分和碳同位素分析测试结果表明,其烃类气体组分复杂,CH₄含量为3.0×10^-6~4 526.8×10^-6,平均为209.0×10^-6;δ¹³C₁值为-55.9‰~-37.8‰,平均为-43.2‰,C₁/(C₂+C₃)值小于10,显示出明显的热解气特征。结合钻探区的地质背景和岩性特征,推断QK-1孔烃类气体可能来源于深部迁移上来的热解气,浅部可能有生物成因气的混入。     

柴达木盆地石炭系油气调查最新进展

柴达木盆地石炭系是海相油气勘探的新领域,通过对柴达木盆地石炭系油气地质条件进行调查,评价其资源潜力,为该区寻找油气战略接替区提供科学依据。以柴达木盆地石炭系为主要目标,通过调查和研究,首次获得柴达木盆地石炭系油气流,在柴达木盆地古生界海相新层系油气方面取得重要发现; 综合区域调查、平衡剖面反演及镜质体反射率等分析,获取柴达木盆地主要构造运动期次; 结合盆地模拟技术,重建了石炭系埋藏史,分析了柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系烃源岩油气地化指标,研究了烃源岩生烃演化史。研究表明: 柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系烃源岩广泛发育,有机质丰度较高,埋深较大,但未发生变质,处于成熟—高成熟阶段; 德令哈坳陷石炭系埋藏史主要表现为快速埋藏期、稳定期与强烈抬升剥蚀期,新生代以来沉降史与抬升剥蚀史存在着差异; 石炭系烃源岩热演化史主要表现为“存在二次生烃,晚期生烃为主”的特点,主要受该区构造运动控制; 柴达木盆地热演化总体表现为缓慢降低的趋势,主要受控于柴达木盆地岩浆热事件与构造活动。调查分析表明,新层系石炭系油气条件良好,资源前景广阔,是柴达木盆地下一步勘探的接替层系。     

新生代构造与羌塘盆地油气保存

羌塘盆地为我国陆上油气资源潜力巨大的一个中生代海相残留盆地,地处青藏高原腹地,但高原的强烈隆升、新构造运动的频繁作用和中上侏罗统的大片裸露,以侏罗系为目的层的油气,能否保存至今令人怀疑。羌塘盆地油气保存条件的问题已成为石油地质条件评价中一个十分突出的焦点问题。笔者就已有的资料,通过对新生代构造活动、断裂活动影响和高原隆升等方面的初步分析,对羌塘盆地油气的保存条件进行初步的探讨。     

藏北羌塘盆地QK-1井中侏罗统烃源岩地球化学特征

QK-1天然气水合物钻探试验井位于西藏羌塘盆地毕洛错地区,主要钻遇中侏罗统夏里组粉砂质泥岩和布曲组灰岩。其有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度等有机地球化学特征表明,南羌塘地区中侏罗统烃源岩的有机质丰度偏低,夏里组泥岩TOC介于0.26%~0.38%之间,达到差-中烃源岩标准,而布曲组灰岩TOC介于0.02%~0.08%之间,仅局部达到差烃源岩标准;两个组的烃源岩有机质类型主要为Ⅱ₂型及Ⅲ型,较利于天然气的生成,其中夏里组的生气能力优于布曲组;该区烃源岩热演化程度较高,Ro为1.31%~1.63%之间,均达到高成熟阶段,而夏里组有可能已进入干气阶段。基于冻土区天然气水合物成藏条件分析,综合考虑夏里组烃源岩及沉积厚度特征,认为中侏罗统夏里组具备良好的天然气水合物勘探前景。     

四川盆地川中—川西震旦系—三叠系天然气成藏分析及勘探意义

四川盆地蕴藏着丰富天然气资源,其中筇竹寺组页岩对盆地中下组合天然气聚集作出巨大贡献。通过对川西和川中震旦系—寒武系及上覆志留系—三叠系多层系储集层中天然气特征精细对比发现,以筇竹寺组页岩为主要烃源的油气资源极为丰富、类型多样：(1)既有典型原油裂解气,甲烷碳同位素较轻(<35‰),分布在资阳地区震旦系、太合地区寒武系沧浪铺组(角探1井)及川西北河湾场/吴家坝的茅口组。它们成藏时间早,在岩性圈闭或岩性-构造圈闭得以长期保存;(2)页岩超晚期释放气,分布广泛,高石梯—磨溪、太合、威远等地区下组合震旦系—寒武系均以该类天然气补充成藏为主,甲烷碳同位素较重(>35‰),如未遭受过硫酸盐热化学还原作用(TSR)的改造则具典型甲、乙烷碳同位素倒转(δ¹³C₁>δ¹³C₂)特征,该类气藏具多期次复杂成藏过程,但超晚期页岩来源天然气的持续补充控制着聚集丰度;(3)中组合泥盆系—三叠系(须家河组之下)天然气以断层沟通的页岩超晚期释放天然气成藏为主。综合分析可见,筇竹寺组页岩(与页岩气)保存较好区域是...     

松辽盆地南部白垩系天然气成藏条件

应用地震、地质、地化、测井资料对松辽盆地南部进行成藏条件分析。气藏分为:下部断陷地层煤型气气藏、上部坳陷地层伴生油型气气藏、浅层生物气藏。断陷地层气藏可以分为两种类型:原生气藏与次生气藏。原生气藏分布在断陷地层内及上覆坳陷地层的底部(泉一段下部),油气成藏取决于圈闭发育状况及距源岩的远近;油气藏的保存条件取决于后期构造运动的改造程度,气层具有连片分布的特征;次生油气藏分布在坳陷地层的泉头组中上部,油气成藏取决于三个条件:圈闭发育状况,深部气源,沟通浅部圈闭与深部气源的断裂。松辽盆地南部的油型伴生气以溶解气为主,只在中央坳陷边缘部位存在气顶气藏和气藏,资源量有限。松辽盆地南部青山口组及嫩江组的成熟源岩分布有限,其丰富的生物气资源亦应作为以后的天然气勘探目标。     

Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气贫化与次生成藏

我国海相层系经过多期构造运动的叠加,油气地质条件除受"先天条件"的影响外,"后天因素"的影响更加突出,表现在现今油气成藏虽仍以海相烃源为主,但油气成藏与油气主要生烃高峰多已不匹配; 油气相态多已发生变化,如四川盆地从含油盆地转为含气盆地; 油气富集过程受构造影响而发生了改变,油气藏规模因此发生了变化,表现出油气藏的破坏规模缩小,或随断层的切割,油气发生泄露,向上运聚到浅层形成次生油气藏,导致油气贫化。因此,具有多期成藏、多期改造、相态转化及晚期就位的特点。现今海相层系发现的油气藏实际上已经是经过"变位、变相"的残留及次生油气藏。针对这一特性,在海相层系油气勘探中更应注意后期油气藏演化所带来的特殊性,进一步深化整体保存环境对油气藏形成、保持的影响。