伊犁盆地伊宁凹陷二叠系与三叠系主要烃源岩特征对比研究

重点对伊利盆地伊宁凹陷二叠系与三叠系主要烃源岩的有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度特征进行分析与对比。盆地二叠系主力烃源岩为铁木里克组,三叠系主力烃源岩为小泉沟群。该盆地二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩机质丰度较好,已处于成熟—高熟阶段,有利于油气的形成,是好的生油岩;盆地三叠系小泉沟群烃源岩表现为有机质丰度高,成熟度较低,生油能力较二叠系差,属于中等生油岩。二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩干酪根碳同位素δ13C介于-23.55‰~20.85‰,指示有机质母质类型为Ⅱ—Ⅲ型有机质。三叠系小泉沟群烃源岩δ13C介于-26.51‰~-20.45‰范围内,代表Ⅱ型有机质。通过镜质体反射率Ro、最高热解峰温、饱和烃轻重比、OEP值研究表明伊宁凹陷二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩有机质成熟度高,三叠系小泉沟群烃源岩成熟度相对低。总体评价认为二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩是伊犁盆地伊宁凹陷的主力烃源岩,生烃能力强,是盆地油气勘探的重点层位。     

中亚卡拉库姆盆地油气分布特征与成藏模式

卡拉库姆盆地是世界上仅次于西西伯利亚盆地和波斯湾盆地的第三大富气盆地。本文以获取的最新油气田储量数据为基础，采用石油地质综合分析方法，探讨了该盆地油气的层系和区域分布特征及其成藏模式。受区域盖层控制，盆地内的油气主要富集于两套层系：中侏罗统卡洛阶-上侏罗统牛津阶碳酸盐岩储集层和下白垩统欧特里阶沙特利克组砂岩储集层。前者富集了盆地内68.0%的石油储量、84.0%的凝析油储量和44.2%的天然气储量，后者富集了盆地内36.4%的天然气储量。上侏罗统蒸发岩之下的盐下油气田的区域分布主要受有利储集相带和古隆起构造展布的控制；生物礁和古构造主要发育于盆地东北部的北阿姆河亚盆地，并导致盆地内已发现的盐下油气储量主要分布于此。受蒸发岩区域盖层和深大断裂的控制，盐上油气田主要分布于蒸发岩发育区之外、蒸发岩较薄且主要为硬石膏的地区、以及蒸发岩发育区内的深大断裂附近。蒸发岩之上的盐上层系并非油气特别是天然气勘探的禁区，源自盐下烃源岩的天然气可以在盐上储集层内聚集并形成大气田。     

柴窝堡盆地石油地质特征与油气勘探前景

柴窝堡盆地具前震旦系结晶基底，二叠系至第四系组成盆地盖层。从石油地质特征分析，柴窝堡盆地具一定的成藏条件，主要烃源岩为上二叠统芦草沟组，储集层主要为芦草沟组砂岩或砂砾岩，上覆红雁池组－仓房沟群为良好的盖层，燕山运动和喜山运动为圈闭形成和定型期，大量排烃期是侏罗纪－白垩纪，油气生成、运移期匹配较好。本区发育3大套生储盖组合，从构造上分析芨芨槽子古隆起周围及雷家沟构造带深部的芦草沟组有利生油区，物性较好，为油气运移指向，是下一步勘探的有利目标。     

准南中段呼探1井烃源岩条件及油气源分析

近年来,准噶尔盆地下组合油气勘探不断获得新发现。2020年12月16日,位于呼西背斜的呼探1井清水河组获得高产油气流,实现了下组合油气勘探的重大突破,预示了下组合巨大的勘探潜力,但目前呼探1井的油气主要来源于哪套烃源岩以及是否存在混源等问题尚未明确。本研究通过对准噶尔盆地南缘中段下组合主要烃源岩的评价,结合生物标志物参数、油气C同位素、全烃气相色谱以及热模拟实验结果,明确了主力烃源岩生油气能力,认为呼探1井清水河组原油为侏罗系和二叠系烃源岩生成的混源油,其中重烃部分主要来自二叠系烃源岩,轻烃部分来自侏罗系烃源岩,天然气主要来自侏罗系烃源岩。同时,建立了侏罗系煤系烃源岩生气图版,结合图版分析认为呼探1井清水河组天然气与侏罗系煤岩关系最为密切, Ro大致分布在1.66%～1.85%。     

泰国呵叻盆地H区二叠系油气成藏体系及成藏模式研究

呵叻盆地H区是延长油田重要的海外油气勘探区块。为明确该区二叠系油气成藏成藏模式,分析了烃源岩及油气输导体系,对典型油气藏进行了解剖。研究表明:呵叻盆地内以二叠系烃源岩为主,潜在的烃源岩为石炭系和三叠系Huai Hin Lat群;主要有地层不整合型、地层-构造-不整合型、构造不整合型、构造型以及透镜体型等五种类型圈闭;油气成藏模式为“断裂通源,裂缝输导,储层控富,不整合遮挡,自生自储”。     

南美玻利维亚重点盆地油气地质特征和勘探潜力评价

基于对玻利维亚区域构造演化与沉积充填特征的分析,研究盆地烃源岩、储集层及盖层等油气成藏地质条件的差异,分析盆地勘探潜力。玻利维亚境内发育查科、贝尼和马德雷德迪奥斯等3个重点盆地,均是在前寒武系基底基础上发育起来的叠合盆地,盆内依次充填了古生代克拉通边缘海相沉积层序、三叠纪-白垩纪裂谷期海相-海陆过渡沉积层序和晚白垩世至今前陆陆相沉积层序。油气成藏地质条件综合对比分析认为,3个盆地均发育泥盆系主力烃源岩,储集层以泥盆系-石炭系和白垩系砂岩为主,发育古生界泥岩和碳酸盐岩及古近系泥岩等多套区域盖层。成熟烃源岩主要分布在冲断带和前渊区,油气必须通过垂向和侧向运移才能聚集成藏,具有晚期生烃、晚期成藏的特点。马德雷德迪奥斯盆地前渊-斜坡带低幅构造圈闭和地层圈闭、查科盆地和贝尼盆地逆冲褶皱带构造圈闭是主要的勘探目标。     

巴西萨利莫斯盆地油气地质特征及油气分布规律

基于萨利莫斯盆地基础地质条件,以石油地质理论为指导,对盆地的生储盖条件及成藏特征进行了研究,并利用多因素叠合的方法对盆地潜在有利区进行了预测。分析认为,萨利莫斯盆地是新元古代末期克拉通内断陷基础上形成的克拉通盆地,形成古生界和中-新生界两套沉积充填序列。盆地内主力烃源岩和储盖层均发育在古生界序列中。泥盆系然迪亚图巴组页岩是盆地中的主力烃源岩;石炭系朱鲁尔组砂岩和泥盆系俄勒组砂岩是最有利的储集层段,与石炭系卡让利组、朱鲁尔组的蒸发岩和页岩构成良好的储盖组合。受岩浆侵入的影响,烃源岩的生排烃分为岩浆侵入前和侵入后两个阶段,并以第二阶段为主生排烃阶段;受晚期构造运动的影响,盆地具有多期成藏的特征,最后一期成藏决定了油气的最终分布。盆地勘探经验表明,油气田往往位于断裂带周围,并受烃源岩的发育位置控制。因此,认为盆地中烃源岩发育区内的断裂带周围是油气田,特别是气田的有利勘探领域。     

吉林省松江盆地下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征及油气勘探前景

吉林省松江盆地油气勘探程度很低。通过松江盆地下白垩统长财组和大砬子组的系统取样与多项地球化学指标测试,详细评价了该区烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型及成熟度等各项指标。初步得出:松江盆地面积虽小,但巨厚的下白垩统沉积盖层中,大砬子组二段烃源岩发育,有机质丰度高,类型较好,且主要处于成熟阶段,具有较好的生烃能力;区内长财组和大砬子组一段发育储集层和盖层,形成了以上生下储为主的有利生储盖组合条件,具有一定的油气勘探前景,是松辽盆地外围油气勘探的较有利目标区。     

古亚洲与特提斯交汇带盆地群油气资源潜力

古亚洲与特提斯构造交汇带盆地群发育石炭系、侏罗系(中下统)、白垩系(下统)等多套烃源岩,具有厚度大、分布广、有机质丰度高的特点.石炭系烃源岩有机质进入成熟-过成熟热演化阶段,侏罗系烃源岩有机质已进入大量生油阶段,白垩系烃源岩也处于生油高峰,具有良好的油气成藏的物质基础;区内储集岩发育,石炭-二叠系储集层以低孔隙度、低渗透率为特征,石炭系储集层主要为潮坪-泻湖相沉积的碎屑岩,二叠系储集层为一套河流相粗碎屑岩;侏罗-白垩系储集层物性相对较好,以中孔、中渗,或中孔、高渗为特征,为以河流-三角洲沉积砂体;在石炭-二叠系、中新生代地层中均见到了不同级别的油气显示或获工业油流.存在3种不同的生储盖组合,即①自生自储式组合.②下生上储的间隔式组合.③潜山型组合.预测油气资源量36.85亿t,目前已发现的油气储量仅为1亿t,具较大的勘探潜力.     

西藏南羌塘盆地达卓玛地区油气地质条件研究

前人在南羌塘达卓玛地区零星发现了一些地表油气显示并采集了少量的烃源岩进行分析,但勘查程度总体较低,未开展系统的生、储、盖研究。结合前人资料,通过野外石油地质调查、样品采集、室内分析、对比研究等手段,对南羌塘盆地达卓玛地区的烃源岩、储集岩、盖层等油气地质条件进行了分析,认为研究区阿堵拉组泥岩、页岩为好烃源岩,色哇组泥岩、粉砂质泥岩为差—中等烃源岩,布曲组、夏里组和索瓦组发育差烃源岩; 储集岩主要为阿堵拉组砂岩和布曲组白云岩; 盖层有泥质岩、灰岩和石膏,以Ⅰ、Ⅱ类盖层为主。野外调查中发现了大量地表油气显示,盆地经历了油气生成、运移、聚集和散失的过程,具有油气生成的物质基础和成藏的油气地质条件。建议在油气存储条件良好的达卓玛背斜布置钻井,进一步开展深部研究,力争实现该地区油气突破。     

Study on petroleum geological conditions in Dazhuom area of Southern Qiangtang Basin of Tibet

Previous researchers in Dazhuoma area of Southern Qiangtang Basin have found some sporadic oil and gas on the surface and collected a small amount of source rocks for analysis, but the exploration degree was generally low and they have not carried out systematic analysis of the generation, storage and cap of oil and gas. Based on the previous data, the authors in this paper have studied the characteristics of the source rocks, reservoir rocks and cap rocks in Dazhuoma area of Southern Qiangtang Basin by means of field petroleum geological survey, sample collection, indoor analysis and comparative research. The results suggest that the mudstone and shale of Adula Formation in the study area are considered as good source rocks, and the mudstone and silty mudstone of Sewa Formation are poor-medium source rocks, while Buqu Formation, Shari Formation and Suowa Formation are poor source rocks. The main reservoir rocks are the sandstone of Adula Formation and the dolomite of Buqu Formation. The cap rocks are argillaceous rocks, limestone and gypsum, and are mainly Ⅰ and Ⅱ cap rocks. Furthermore, the discovery of oil exposure shows that this basin has underwent the process of oil and gas generation, migration, gathering and losing, which builds the material foundation of oil and gas generation and the petroleum geological conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation. It is suggested that more drilling should be arranged in Darzhuoma anticline with good oil and gas storage conditions, and further deep research should be carried out to achieve oil and gas breakthrough in this area.     

四川盆地中三叠统-上三叠统马鞍塘组天然气藏特征和有利勘探地区

四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组勘探已近40年,但迄今为止只发现了两个大中型气藏.近年来,雷口坡组钻井油气显示活跃,展示了良好的勘探前景.四川盆地中三叠统气藏储层主要位于底部雷一段、顶部雷三一雷四段,天然气主要来源于上二叠统龙潭组和上三叠统须家河组烃源岩,各气藏天然气组分特征也不尽相同,储集空间均以各类次生溶蚀孔隙为主,多为低...     

Evaluation of the oil and gas preservation conditions,source rocks,and hydrocarbon-generating potential of the Qiangtang Basin: New evidence from the scientific drilling project

The Qiangtang Basin of the Tibetan Plateau, located in the eastern Tethys tectonic domain, is the largest new marine petroliferous region for exploration in China. The scientific drilling project consisting primarily of well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes for geological surveys (also referred to as the Project) completed in recent years contributes to a series of new discoveries and insights into the oil and gas preservation conditions and source rock evaluation of the Qiangtang Basin. These findings differ from previous views that the Qiangtang Basin has poor oil and gas preservation conditions and lacks high-quality source rocks. As revealed by well QK-1 and its supporting shallow boreholes in the Project, the Qiangtang Basin hosts two sets of high-quality regional seals, namely an anhydrite layer in the Quemo Co Formation and the gypsum-bearing mudstones in the Xiali Formation. Moreover, the Qiangtang Basin has favorable oil and gas preservation conditions, as verified by the comprehensive study of the sealing capacity of seals, basin structure, tectonic uplift, magmatic activity, and groundwater motion. Furthermore, the shallow boreholes have also revealed that the Qiangtang Basin has high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation, which are thick and widely distributed according to the geological and geophysical data. In addition, the petroleum geological conditions, such as the type, abundance, and thermal evolution of organic matter, indicate that the Qiangtang Basin has great hydrocarbon-generating potential.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.     

羌塘盆地中生界含油气系统特征

羌塘盆地位于青藏高原中北部,具有广泛的中生代海相沉积。羌塘盆地中生代具有发育良好、分布广泛的烃源岩,其中上三叠统的肖茶卡组、中侏罗统布曲组和夏里组有机质类型好,丰度高,成熟度高,埋藏较好,其生油量巨大,是盆地油气的主要来源之一。羌塘盆地储集层和盖层发育,储盖层性能优越。根据Magoon的含油气系统理论,把羌塘盆地含油气系统分为3套:肖茶卡组(T3x)、布曲组(J2 b)和索瓦组(J3s)含油气系统,其关键时刻主要有:a.侏罗纪末—早白垩世早期;b.新近纪沉积之后,生储盖时空配置好。      

新疆三塘湖盆地石炭系含油气系统初步评价

新疆三塘湖盆地晚古生代发育哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组陆相火山喷发岩系,二者在岩石组合上均以中酸性火山岩及其碎屑岩为主,局部夹基性火山岩。通过岩性剖面和化石组合对比认为哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组为同一时代地层,没有上下关系,时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世。对哈尔加乌组火山岩进行锆石SHRIMP U Pb定年获取年龄值为3196±98 Ma,表明这套火山岩含有石炭纪的部分,限定这套火山岩系的喷发时限为石炭纪中期至早二叠世。哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组火山岩发育多期的火山喷发—沉积旋回,形成巨厚层的火山岩和火山碎屑岩的互层,具备良好的油气储集条件,其下伏老爷庙组暗色泥岩夹层有机碳（TOC）含量较高（071％162％）,属于一般烃源岩—好烃源岩,这套烃源岩与哈尔加乌组—卡拉岗组火山岩构成生储盖组合,上覆上二叠统芨芨槽子群泥岩为盖层,构成盆地与火山岩相关的石炭系含油气系统,具有重大的石油地质意义。     

Petroleum Geological Conditions in Qiangtang Basin

PETROLEUM GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN QIANGTANG BASIN     

羌塘盆地第一口油气科学钻探井油气地质成果及勘探意义

羌塘盆地位于青藏高原腹地,是我国陆上面积最大、勘探程度最低的油气勘探新区,长期以来,由于缺乏油气科学钻探井的验证,对盆地油气地质条件认识不清。最近,中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心在北羌塘中北部的半岛湖地区组织实施了第一口深达4696.18米的油气科学钻探井—羌科1井,本文对该科探井的油气地质成果进行了报道。钻遇了从上侏罗统至上三叠统的连续地层,其中下-中侏罗统雀莫错组与下伏上三叠统那底岗日组地层为整合接触,沉积环境为三角洲-局限台地环境。羌科1井在雀莫错组中首次钻遇了烃源岩,并发现13层气测异常,其中,3层为重要含气层,此外还识别出两套重要的区域性盖层和一套直接封盖层。这些成果表明半岛湖地区油气保存条件较好,是盆地油气勘探的有利地区。     

Petroleum geology and exploration direction of gas province in deepwater area of North Carnarvon Basin,Australia

North Carnarvon Basin is a gas province with minor oily sweet spots in deepwater area with water depth more than 500 m, which is one of the hot spots of global petroleum exploration for its series of giant hydrocarbon discoveries in recent years. However, the degree of oil and gas exploration in deepwater area is still low, and the conditions for oil and gas accumulation are not clear. Based on the current exploration situation and latest database of fields, applying multidisciplinary analysis of hydrocarbon geology, hydrocarbon accumulation elements and its exploration direction of North Carnarvon Basin in deepwater area are analyzed. The results show that there are three sets of main source rocks in deepwater area of North Carnarvon Basin, which are Triassic marine shale in Locker Formation and delta coal-bearing mudstone with thin carbonaceous mudstone in Mungaroo Formation, Lower –Middle Jurassic paralic carbargilite and coal measure strata in Athol Formation and Murat Formation, Cretaceous delta mudstone in Barrow Group and marine shale in Muderong Formation. Most source rock samples show gas-prone capability. The coarse sandstone of delta facies in Middle–Upper Triassic Mungaroo Formation is the most important reservoir in deepwater area, Lower Cretaceous Barrow Group deep-water gravity flow or underwater fan turbidite sandstone is the secondly main reservoir. Lower Cretaceous marine shale in Muderong Formation is most important regional caprock. Triassic mudstone in Mungaroo Formation is an important interlayer caprock in deepwater area. There are two main reservoir accumulation assemblages in deepwater area, one is Triassic structural-unconformity plane reservoir accumulation assemblage of Locker Formation to Mungaroo Formation, and the other is Lower–Middle Jurassic Athol Formation and Murat Formation–Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic lithology-structural reservoir accumulation assemblage of Barrow Group to Muderong Formation. There are three main control factors of hydrocarbon Accumulation: One is coupling of source and seal control hydrocarbon distribution area, the second is multi-stage large wave dominated deltas dominate accumulation zone, the third is direction of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in hydrocarbon-rich generation depression was controlled by overpressure. The south of Exmouth platform in deepwater area is adjacent to hydrocarbon rich depression zone, reservoir assemblage is characterized by “near source rocks, excellent reservoir facies, high position and excellent caprocks ”, which is the main battlefield of deepwater oil and gas exploration in North Carnarvon Basin at present. There are a lot of fault block traps in the northern structural belt of Exmouth platform, and the favorable sedimentary facies belt at the far end of delta plain in Mungaroo Formation is widely distributed, which is the next favorable exploration zone. The Lower Cretaceous, which is located at the concave edge uplift adjacent to the investigator depression and the Exmouth platform, also has a certain exploration prospect in northwest of deepwater area.     

斋桑盆地与准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系成藏条件对比

斋桑盆地位于“一带一路”重要的沿线国—哈萨克斯坦国东北部,二叠系成藏研究相对较少.基于斋桑盆地构造演化背景,通过与邻区准噶尔盆地西北缘在构造沉积演化、烃源岩、储盖组合以及运聚模式的对比,揭示其二叠系勘探潜力.结果表明:斋桑盆地和准噶尔盆地均为板块碰撞的产物,沉积体系受断裂控制;与风城组烃源岩类型相似,麦恰特组烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅰ和Ⅱ型为主,源岩发育于高盐度、强还原性水体环境,为一套好-很好的烃源岩;但斋桑盆地二叠系储层中孔低渗,物性相对较好,且二叠系内部发育大套地层圈闭,可形成规模地层油气藏.综合对比分析表明斋桑盆地二叠系具有良好的勘探潜力.