基于GPU并行加速的叠前逆时偏移方法

为了提高复杂地下介质的成像精度和偏移算法的计算效率,提出可高效对地下复杂构造进行准确成像的GPU加速叠前逆时偏移方法.该方法采用双程声波方程进行波场延拓,突破倾角限制,借助于高阶有限差分方法实现叠前逆时偏移成像;利用GPU(Graphic Processing Unit)并行加速技术对波场延拓和成像进行计算,相比于传统算法,其计算效率有较大提高,可以解决叠前逆时偏移算法计算量过大问题;在获取波场信息过程中,也采用随机边界条件,实施以计算换存储策略,解决逆时偏移计算中的海量存储问题.模型测试结果表明,该方法能够高效和高精度地对地下复杂地质体成像.     

An imaging condition for reverse time migration based on wavefield decomposition

Reverse Time Migration(RTM) is a high precision imaging method of seismic wavefield at present,but low-frequency noises severely affect its imaging results.Thus one of most important aspect of RTM is to select the proper noise suppression method.The wavefield characteristics of the Poynting vector are analyzed and the upgoing,downgoing,leftgoing and rightgoing waves are decomposed using the Poynting vector of the acoustic wave equation.The normalized wavefield decomposition cross-correlation imaging condition is used to suppress low-frequency noises in RTM and improve the imaging precision.Numerical experiments using the Mamousi velocity model are performed and the results demonstrate that the upgoing,downgoing,leftgoing and rightgoing waves are well decomposed using the Poynting vector.Compared with the normalized cross-correlation imaging and Laplacian filtering method,the results indicate that the low-frequency noises are well suppressed by using the normalized wavefield decomposition cross-correlation imaging condition.     

Elastic reverse time migration based on vector wavefield decomposition

Prestack elastic reverse time migration ( RTM) requires multicomponent seismic data .But for multi-component elastic Kirchhoff migration , there is a limitation that ray theory no longer applies if thegeology be-comes complicated .In this paper, the authors have created a new 2D migration context for isotropic , elastic RTM, which included decomposition of the elastic source and receiver wavefields into P and S wave vectors by decoupled elastodynamic extrapolation , which retained the same stress and particle velocity components as the input data .Then we appliedsource-normalized crosscorrelation imaging condition in elastic reverse time migra-tion to compensate the energy of deep strata .We found that the resulting images were nearly identical to the ve-locity model , and the resolution has been improved .Our method is a wavefielddecomposition based on vector , and we can alsoavoid the problem of polarity reversal of converted shear wave imaging .It proved the applicabili-ty of the method proposed in our paper .     

Statistical analysis of fracture properties based on particle swarm optimization and Pearson correlation coefficient method

Prediction of reservoir fracture is the key to explore fracture-type reservoir. When a shear-wave propagates in anisotropic media containing fracture,it splits into two polarized shear waves: fast shear wave and slow shear wave. The polarization and time delay of the fast and slow shear wave can be used to predict the azimuth and density of fracture. The current identification method of fracture azimuth and fracture density is cross-correlation method. It is assumed that fast and slow shear waves were symmetrical wavelets after completely separating,and use the most similar characteristics of wavelets to identify fracture azimuth and density,but in the experiment the identification is poor in accuracy. Pearson correlation coefficient method is one of the methods for separating the fast wave and slow wave. This method is faster in calculating speed and better in noise immunity and resolution compared with the traditional cross-correlation method. Pearson correlation coefficient method is a non-linear problem,particle swarm optimization( PSO) is a good nonlinear global optimization method which converges fast and is easy to implement. In this study,PSO is combined with the Pearson correlation coefficient method to achieve identifying fracture property and improve the computational efficiency.     

虚谱法求解波动方程的算法改进

虚谱法利用付里叶变换和有限差分求解波动方程 ,是地震波场正演模拟的重要方法之一 ,但其常规算法运算量大 ,运算时间长。为此 ,我们在常规算法的基础上作了些改进 ,主要是提出了反付里叶变换的快速算法 ,并运用正反付里叶变换的快速算法和避免重复运算等手段 ,使运算量大大减少 ,可节省运算时间三倍多     

改进的分水岭变换算法在高分辨率遥感影像多尺度分割中的应用

由于高空间分辨率遥感影像自身的复杂性,传统的分水岭分割方法难以取得令人满意的效果。本文提出一种改进分水岭变换的高分辨率遥感影像多尺度分割方法,在抑制分水岭过分割现象的同时,还能实现对遥感影像的多尺度分割。该方法充分考虑了高分辨率遥感影像的多光谱和多尺度特性,首先,利用各向异性扩散滤波技术对影像进行平滑滤波,目的是在滤除各种噪声的同时还能保持影像的边缘特征和重要的细节信息;然后,提取影像的多尺度形态学梯度,并从梯度图像中提取标记;接着进行基于标记的分水岭变换;最后,利用改进的快速区域合并算法实现对影像的多尺度分割。实验表明,改进的算法能有效地抑制分水岭的过分割现象,对高分辨率遥感影像有较好的分割性能。     

A New Multigrid 3D-VAR Optimization Method for Bottom Friction Using HF Radar Current Observation

This paper proposes a new method for data assimilation of the surface radial current observed by High Frequency ground wave radar and optimization of the bottom friction coefficient. In this method, the shallow water wave equation is introduced into the cost function of the multigrid three-dimensional variation data assimilation method as the weak constraint term, the surface current and the bottom friction coefficient are defined as the analytical variables, and the high spatiotemporal resolution surface radial flow observed by the high-frequency ground wave radar is used to optimize the surface current and bottom friction coefficient. This method can effectively consider the spatiotemporal correlation of radar data and extract multiscale information from surface radial flow data from long waves to short waves. Introducing the shallow water wave equation into the cost function as a weak constraint condition can adjust both the momentum and mass fields simultaneously to obtain more reasonable analysis information. The optimized bottom friction coefficient is introduced into the regional ocean numerical model to carry out numerical experiments. The test results show that the bottom friction coefficient obtained by this method can effectively improve the accuracy of the numerical simulation of sea surface height in the offshore area and reduce the simulation error.     

Comparison and error analysis of remotely measured waveheight by high frequency ground wave radar

High frequency ground wave radar (HFGWR) has unique advantage in the survey of dynamical factors, such as sea surface current, sea wave, and sea surface wind in marine conditions in coastal sea area. Compared to marine satellite remote sensing, it involves lower cost, has higher measuring accuracy and spatial resolution and sampling frequency. High frequency ground wave radar is a new land based remote sensing instrument with superior vision and greater application potentials. This paper reviews the development history and application status of high frequency wave radar, introduces its remote-sensing principle and method to inverse offshore fluid, and wave and wind field. Based on the author's "863 Project", this paper recounts comparison and verification of radar remote-sensing value, the physical calibration of radar-measured data and methods to control the quality of radar-sensing data. The authors discuss the precision of radar-sensing data's inversing on offshore fluid field and application of the assimilated data on assimilation.     

Reverse-Time Migration of Converted S-Waves of Varying Densities

Ocean-Bottom Node(OBN) acquisitions provide both non-converted and converted reflection energy. There is a clear advantage to independently imaging both P-and S-waves, as they provide more information collectively than either does alone. In many conventional converted-wave pre-stack migration algorithms, density is treated as a constant, which is not the real-life case on earth. S-wave velocity and density information is crucial for hydrocarbon detection because it helps in the identification of porefilling fluids. In this paper, we focused on the effect of density on imaging, and developed a method of reverse-time migration(RTM) on converted s-waves of varying densities(VD-RTMCS). Phase correction was required prior to pre-stack migration to avoid constructive interference between data from adjacent sources. Synthetic data examples showed that when density variations were included, image profiles showed advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, vertical resolution and imaging of complex structures.     

球形全景影像核线方程推导及其应用

核线约束是影像在数字摄影测量中的一项核心技术,可限制同名像点的搜索范围,显著提高计算效率和可靠性。目前,核线约束在传统中心投影影像与卫星扫描影像上取得了广泛的应用,而全景影像具有不同的几何模型,核线模型的推导与应用存在很大的难度。以往实现全景三维重建方法大多通过不同方位影像,应用大量的控制点,结合光束法平差以实现构筑物三维重构,缺乏球形全景核线数学方程的推导及应用。鉴此,本文通过对球形全景影像的投影几何研究,基于共面方程建立该类影像的核线几何模型,推导出数学方程及其特性,为核线在球形全景影像中的应用提供了理论基础,实验表明该球形全景核线方程的正确性与可行性。     

一种基于SuperMap GIS的改进Dijkstra算法

为提高传统Dijkstra算法的搜索效率,满足车载导航中路径规划实时性的要求,本文利用SuperMapGIS平台的网络编辑功能,设计了一种基于SuperMap的改进Dijkstra算法。首先,结合道路网络的空间分布特性,在SuperMap中构建了道路网络;其次,设计算法,根据起止节点合理限制算法的搜索区域,并以经典Dijkstra为理论基础实现最短路径的求解;最后,结合需要设计了约束条件下的路径规划算法。在城市道路网络中的应用实例验证了算法的有效性。     

折射波共检波点叠加技术在活动断层上断点探测中的应用

基于折射波时距曲线方程分析共检波点域折射波叠加成像技术原理，分别在共中心点域和共检波点域对二维断层模型的初至折射波进行叠加成像，并对河西走廊一条二维地震资料进行对比处理。模型研究和实际应用结果表明，共检波点域折射波叠加方法较共中心点域具有更高的横向分辨率，结合其他资料可较准确地判定活动断层上断点的空间位置。     

Wave-electric field coupling imaging diagnostic method for filled subgrade

Thick earth-rock filled embankment of large earthwork volume often occurs during the construction of expressways in mountainous and hilly areas. The compaction quality of earth-rock filled subgrade will directly affect the settlement deformation and stability of the embankment after filled. Therefore, effective evaluation on the compaction quality of the earth-rock filled subgrade is an unsolved critical technical issue to control the construction quality of highway engineering. Based on the wave propagation and electrical resistivity characteristics of the earth and rock fillings, a theoretical model of the compaction quality detection by wave-electric field coupling imaging diagnostic method was established. Then, two filled subgrade models containing cavities and heterogeneous bodies respectively were make separately, and by the wave velocity testing and electrical resistivity testing, the wave-electric field coupling imaging diagnostic method was applied to these two model. The result shows that it is feasible to use the wave testing technique and the electrical resistivity testing technique for a diagnostic test of the subgrade compaction quality. Based on the abnormal areas reflected by the wave velocity imaging and electrical resistivity imaging results, we are able to analyze the scope and site of distress but not able to quantitatively evaluate the subgrade compaction quality. We can accurately qualitatively analyze the subgrade compaction quality based on the wave-electric field coupling calculation model of fill subgrade quality proposed by this paper.     

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Calculation of flow distribution in air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field by simplifying air flow model

By simplifying the characters in the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field, the authors used air dynamics and fluid mechanics to calculate the air distribution in the bit and obtained an equation of flow distribution with a unique resolution. This study will provide help for making certain the bit parameters of the bit structure effectively and study the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field character deeply.     

Calculation of flow distribution in air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field by simplifying air flow model

By simplifying the characters in the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field, the authors used air dynamics and fluid mechanics to calculate the air distribution in the bit and obtained an equation of flow distribution with a unique resolution. This study will provide help for making certain the bit parameters of the bit structure effectively and study the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field character deeply.     

Research on realization of Kirchhoff remigration

Remigration is an imaging method that maps migrated image fields of different migration velocity fields to each other.It is mainly used for migration velocity analysis, wave mode transformation, and data regu-larization.Theoretically, this kind of mapping can be realized by differential operator, or by integral operator. Compared between the two, the integral operator achieves higher computational efficiency and has more adapta-bility to the irregularity of the input data.Given the fact, the authors worked out the depth domain remigration method based on the Kirchhoff integral theory with the basic theory and workflow of the Kirchhoff remigration. The calculation results on the gradient model and Marmousi model verify the effectiveness of this method.In ad-dition, numerical experiments show that integral method is faster than the differential method.     

地震背景噪声中Lg波的提取

以鄂、湘、粤地区27个宽频带测震台站2 a的连续波形数据为例,对单台每日的连续波形数据进行去除仪器响应、去趋势、去均值、剔除地震事件和干扰及滤波（2.5~8 s）处理后,在互相关叠加数据中识别出了清晰的Lg波。另外,尝试通过叠加时间长度校正及用双台双震源法对几何扩散、噪声源强度的方位角变化和场地效应进行校正,并计算Q值。研究结果表明,对传统的地震背景噪声数据处理方法作适当修改后,噪声互相关叠加数据中可以提取出Lg波。     

数据分辨率对最小二乘配置解的影响

数据分辨率是影响地球重力场建模和大地水准面精度的重要因素。基于最小均方误差准则的频域形式探讨了最小二乘配置与数据分辨率之间的关系,给出了依赖数据分辨率的最优线性估计及其误差的一般公式。算例表明,该公式与传统配置公式的结果是一致的。     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的高性能SAR成像算法

传统距离多普勒算法（RD）较低精度的SAR成像质量越来越不能满足当前实际应用的需要。为解决传统距离多普勒算法成像性能低的问题,本文提出基于分数阶Fourier变换的高性能SAR成像算法（FrFT-RD）。本文详细推导SAR距离向信号运用分数阶Fourier变换时最佳阶数的计算表达式,同时给出方位向相应的计算式。理论分析表明距离（方位）向最佳阶数均取决于SAR成像参数并具有唯一性,无须迭代运算,可极大提高FrFT-RD算法的工程实用性。根据计算得到的距离向和方位向上最优阶数,在分数阶Fourier变换域完成FrFT-RD算法的构建。机载SAR模拟数据和星载SAR实测数据测试表明,FrFT-RD算法在分辨率、峰值旁瓣比（PSLR）成像性能方面比传统RD算法均得到显著提高,其中距离向和方位向分辨率提高比值分别为45.92%和48.06%;距离向PSLR和ISLR降低幅度为1.45 dB和2.59 dB,而FrFT-RD算法在方位向PSLR和ISLR成像性能方面与传统RD算法相当。