基于部分模糊度解算的BDS/GPS组合RTK算法

GNSS多频率组合RTK定位逐步进入实际应用,存在模糊度维数增多、搜索空间增大,导致模糊度搜索运算量增大及模糊度固定效率低等问题。文中提出一种多星座部分模糊度解算算法,该算法综合考虑卫星高度角、模糊度固定成功率及Ratio值来筛选卫星进行模糊度解算。通过一组动态跑车实验分析表明:相比于全模糊度解算(FAR),部分模糊度解算(PAR)可以有效地提高BDS/GPS组合RTK的模糊度固定率,其模糊度固定率从79.9%(FAR)提高到99.1%(PAR),且PAR算法定位结果可靠性更高。     

网络RTK参考站间模糊度固定新方法

针对当前网络RTK参考站间模糊度解算时模糊度检验的Ratio值较小、固定时间较长的局限性,提出了一种新的模糊度解算方法用于网络RTK参考站间模糊度的固定.首先在模糊度区域内对原始的模糊度通过整数变换,形成宽巷与L2模糊度及其对应的方差协方差阵,然后采用LAMBDA方法对转换后的模糊度分块序贯固定.实验结果表明,与现有的模糊度解算方法相比,本文方法不但可以快速可靠地固定宽巷整周模糊度,而且提高了L2模糊度正确固定时的Ratio值,便于模糊度的正确检验,减少了模糊度的初始化时间,提高了模糊度解算的成功率.     

基于星型结构的虚拟参考站网络实时动态测量关键算法研究EI北大核心CSCD

构建一种星型结构的VRS网络RTK基线解算方式,提出适用于星型结构VRS网络RTK模糊度解算方法。针对这种星型结构分别对VRS网络RTK中电离层、对流层改正数的算法进行深入研究。最后通过两个试验对星型VRS网络与传统VRS三角形网络在网络模糊度解算与VRS网络改正数计算两方面进行了验证分析。试验结果表明所提出的星型结构VRS网络RTK在网络模糊度解算方面固定速度明显加快,在生成的网络改正数方面精度及可靠性更高。     

整数相位钟法精密单点定位模糊度固定模型及效果分析

精密单点定位(PPP)模糊度固定方法有3种:星间单差法、整数相位钟法和钟差解耦法,但目前仅法国CNES公开发布用于整数相位钟法PPP模糊度固定的产品,因此研究基于整数相位钟法的用户端PPP模糊度固定模型很有必要.本文分析了整数相位钟法PPP模糊度固定模型,着重指出该模型与传统浮点解PPP模型的区别;提出一种顾及质量控制的逐级模糊度固定策略用于具体实施PPP模糊度固定.大量动态PPP解算试验表明:与浮点解PPP相比,固定解PPP具有更快的收敛速度且定位精度和稳定性更好.     

粗差拟准检定方法探查网络RTK模糊度

为了提高网络RTK基准站间模糊度检验和修正的精度,该文提出用粗差拟准检定(QUAD)方法来探测错误固定的模糊度:将固定错误的模糊度判定为观测值的粗差,并对粗差准确定位定值,最后根据模糊度的波长计算模糊度的大小。实验结果表明当少量模糊度出现纳伪错误时,该方法可以实时探测并修正错误固定的模糊度。     

BDS／GPS中长基线宽巷准厘米级RTK算法

针对常规实时动态（RTK）定位技术中长基线初始化时间较长、定位结果不稳定的问题，提出了一种基于部分模糊度固定策略的BDS/GPS宽巷卡尔曼滤波RTK定位方法，从充分发挥宽巷观测值波长较长和宽巷模糊度易于固定的优势，避免低高度角卫星对模糊度解算的影响，从而提高中长基线情况下的模糊度固定率. 同时采用附加宽巷模糊度参数的卡尔曼滤波方法计算浮点解，以固定高于设置模糊度解算截止高度角的卫星进行定位，并解算电离层活动较剧烈的25~76 km的中长基线. 通过3组试验，结果表明，BDS/GPS双系统联合定位宽巷模糊度固定率均接近100%，76 km基线模糊度固定率达到99.9%，定位精度达到厘米级或准厘米级.      

一种检验GNSS相位模糊度整周解算有效性的方法

模糊度整周解检验是评价模糊度解算正确性的关键,决定着最终定位结果的可靠性。对原有的假设检验存在的缺陷和不足进行了分析,提出了一种更可靠的比值（Ratio）检验方法。理论分析和数值试验结果都显示改进的检验方法更能正确评价模糊度整数解解算的正确性。该新检验方法,又提出了一种最终模糊度整数解确定的新方法即模糊度候选值再分析法。实验表明：应用该方法能提高模糊度整数解确定的成功率。     

网络RTK动态中长基线模糊度解算方法比较研究

论文对比分析了网络RTK中长基线模糊度固定方法中无电离层组合+宽巷模糊度解算与原始模糊度整体解算两种方法的优劣。实验结果表明:与现有的模糊度解算方法相比,观测值域内的模糊度固定不但可以快速可靠地固定宽巷整周模糊度,而且提高了L2模糊度正确固定的成功率和效率。     

顾及基线先验信息的GPS模糊度快速解算

采用GPS相位观测值进行快速定位时,其解算模型严重病态,最小二乘解得的浮点模糊度精度差且相关性大,导致整周模糊度搜索空间过大,难以正确固定。本文提出一种顾及基线先验信息和模糊度线性约束的整数条件的GPS模糊度快速解算方法,先用顾及基线先验信息的正则化算法解得精度较高且相关性较小的浮点模糊度,以减小整周模糊度的搜索空间;再综合利用整周模糊度间的线性约束的整数条件和基线先验信息,进一步有效地减小模糊度搜索空间,提高搜索效率。算例表明:顾及基线先验信息的正则化算法有效地改善了模糊度浮点解,模糊度线性约束的整数条件有效地提高搜索效率和成功率。     

载波相位约束整周模糊度在短基线RTK中的应用

针对单历元RTK定位中受到卫星升起、周跳频发等外界条件干扰时,整周模糊度长时间不能固定,严重影响RTK定位实时精度的问题。文中提出一种用载波相位约束整周模糊度的方法来提高模糊度固定率、Ratio值和解算精度,并且结合GPS单系统、GPS/GLONASS双系统两组实测数据进行未加入和加入载波相位约束整周模糊度的比较实验。结果表明该方法可行。     

GNSS ambiguity resolution with controllable failure rate for long baseline network RTK

Many large-scale GNSS CORS networks have been deployed around the world to support various commercial and scientific applications. To make use of these networks for real-time kinematic positioning services, one of the major challenges is the ambiguity resolution (AR) over long inter-station baselines in the presence of considerable atmosphere biases. Usually, the widelane ambiguities are fixed first, followed by the procedure of determination of the narrowlane ambiguity integers based on the ionosphere-free model in which the widelane integers are introduced as known quantities. This paper seeks to improve the AR performance over long baseline through efficient procedures for improved float solutions and ambiguity fixing. The contribution is threefold: (1) instead of using the ionosphere-free measurements, the absolute and/or relative ionospheric constraints are introduced in the ionosphere-constrained model to enhance the model strength, thus resulting in the better float solutions; (2) the realistic widelane ambiguity precision is estimated by capturing the multipath effects due to the observation complexity, leading to improvement of reliability of widelane AR; (3) for the narrowlane AR, the partial AR for a subset of ambiguities selected according to the successively increased elevation is applied. For fixing the scalar ambiguity, an error probability controllable rounding method is proposed. The established ionosphere-constrained model can be efficiently solved based on the sequential Kalman filter. It can be either reduced to some special models simply by adjusting the variances of ionospheric constraints, or extended with more parameters and constraints. The presented methodology is tested over seven baselines of around 100 km from USA CORS network. The results show that the new widelane AR scheme can obtain the 99.4 % successful fixing rate with 0.6 % failure rate; while the new rounding method of narrowlane AR can obtain the fix rate of 89 % with failure rate of 0.8 %. In summary, the AR reliability can be efficiently improved with rigorous controllable probability of incorrectly fixed ambiguities.     

Reliability of partial ambiguity fixing with multiple GNSS constellations

Reliable ambiguity resolution (AR) is essential to real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning and its applications, since incorrect ambiguity fixing can lead to largely biased positioning solutions. A partial ambiguity fixing technique is developed to improve the reliability of AR, involving partial ambiguity decorrelation (PAD) and partial ambiguity resolution (PAR). Decorrelation transformation could substantially amplify the biases in the phase measurements. The purpose of PAD is to find the optimum trade-off between decorrelation and worst-case bias amplification. The concept of PAR refers to the case where only a subset of the ambiguities can be fixed correctly to their integers in the integer least squares (ILS) estimation system at high success rates. As a result, RTK solutions can be derived from these integer-fixed phase measurements. This is meaningful provided that the number of reliably resolved phase measurements is sufficiently large for least-square estimation of RTK solutions as well. Considering the GPS constellation alone, partially fixed measurements are often insufficient for positioning. The AR reliability is usually characterised by the AR success rate. In this contribution, an AR validation decision matrix is firstly introduced to understand the impact of success rate. Moreover the AR risk probability is included into a more complete evaluation of the AR reliability. We use 16 ambiguity variance–covariance matrices with different levels of success rate to analyse the relation between success rate and AR risk probability. Next, the paper examines during the PAD process, how a bias in one measurement is propagated and amplified onto many others, leading to more than one wrong integer and to affect the success probability. Furthermore, the paper proposes a partial ambiguity fixing procedure with a predefined success rate criterion and ratio test in the ambiguity validation process. In this paper, the Galileo constellation data is tested with simulated observations. Numerical results from our experiment clearly demonstrate that only when the computed success rate is very high, the AR validation can provide decisions about the correctness of AR which are close to real world, with both low AR risk and false alarm probabilities. The results also indicate that the PAR procedure can automatically chose adequate number of ambiguities to fix at given high-success rate from the multiple constellations instead of fixing all the ambiguities. This is a benefit that multiple GNSS constellations can offer.     

BDS网络RTK参考站三频整周模糊度解算方法

北斗卫星导航系统是目前唯一一个全星座提供三频观测数据的卫星导航定位系统,三频观测值有助于载波相位整周模糊度的快速、准确固定。本文提出了一种BDS网络RTK参考站三频整周模糊度解算方法。首先利用B2、B3频率的观测值及严格的模糊度固定标准确定超宽巷整周模糊度,将固定的超宽巷整周模糊度与其他宽巷整周模糊度的线性关系作为约束条件,然后估计宽巷整周模糊度、相对天顶对流层延迟误差和电离层延迟误差,并搜索确定宽巷整周模糊度。利用固定的宽巷整周模糊度与三频载波相位整周模糊度的整数线性关系,将线性关系加入载波相位整周模糊度参数估计观测模型中,然后确定载波相位整周模糊度。使用实测的CORS网BDS三频观测数据进行算法验证,结果表明,该方法可正确有效地实现参考站间三频载波相位整周模糊度的快速解算。     

长距离GPS/BDS参考站网多频载波相位整周模糊度解算方法

长距离网络RTK是实现GPS/BDS高精度实时定位的主要手段之一,其核心是长距离参考站网GPS/BDS整周模糊度的快速准确确定。本文提出了一种长距离GPS/BDS参考站网载波相位整周模糊度解算方法,首先利用GPS双频观测数据计算和确定宽巷整周模糊度,同时利用BDS的B2、B3频率观测值确定超宽巷整周模糊度。然后建立GPS载波相位整周模糊度和大气延迟误差的参数估计模型,附加双差宽巷整周模糊度的约束,解算双差载波相位整周模糊度,并建立参考站网大气延迟误差的空间相关模型。根据B2、B3频率的超宽巷整周模糊度建立包含大气误差参数的载波相位整周模糊度解算模型,利用大气延迟误差空间相关模型约束BDS双差载波相位整周模糊度的解算。克服了传统的使用无电离层组合值解算整周模糊度的不利影响。采用实测长距离CORS网GPS、BDS多频观测数据进行算法验证,试验结果证明该方法可实现长距离参考站网GPS/BDS载波相位整周模糊度的准确固定。     

一种基于多频模糊度快速解算方法的BDS/GPS中长基线RTK定位模型

随着全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）进入多系统时代,空中导航卫星的可见卫星数不断增加,中国北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS）已开始面向用户提供三频导航信号,这都有利于改善单历元实时动态定位（real-time kinematic,RTK）的精度和可靠性。中长基线单历元RTK通常采用电离层无关组合算法,但是该方法将观测噪声进行了放大,模糊度固定成功率随着基线长度的增加而明显降低。提出一种BDS/GPS（global positioning system）中长基线单历元多频RTK定位算法,先以较高成功率快速固定BDS的两个超宽巷模糊度,继而通过简单变换得到BDS宽巷模糊度,然后将其辅助提高GPS宽巷模糊度固定成功率,最后采用将电离层延迟误差参数化的策略以提高BDS/GPS窄巷模糊度固定成功率。结合实测数据进行验证分析,结果表明本文算法是可行的。     

Advantage of velocity measurements on instantaneous RTK positioning

Instantaneous real-time kinematic (RTK) techniques are one approach to achieving real-time high-accuracy positioning. The object of this paper is to show the advantage of adding velocity information to instantaneous RTK positioning. In this paper, velocity from Doppler frequency measurements is used to help resolve integer ambiguities in the LAMBDA method. In urban areas, pseudorange measurements can suffer from significant errors due to strong multipath, despite the use of advanced multipath-mitigation techniques. However, Doppler frequency measurements do not deteriorate as much as pseudoranges, because the multipath error on Doppler frequency measurements is only in the range of several centimeters. Our proposed method has been tested by both static and moving users in sub-urban environments. Single-epoch ambiguity fixing performance was improved compared to conventional ambiguity resolution without velocity information.     

非差增强信息与差分虚拟观测数据的等价变换理论

针对目前非差精密单点定位增强信息无法直接用于RTK（real time kinematic）相对定位的问题，研究了基于附加坐标约束的参考站非差精密单点模糊度固定解提取非差改正信息的方法，并建立了非差增强信息与虚拟参考站观测信息等价变换模型，重点论述了空间状态域信息（state space representation，SSR）在等价变换中的区别应用。根据RTK模糊度部分固定技术，利用实测数据设计实验证明了算法的正确性与可用性。结果表明，虚拟零基线可获得与网络RTK同等精度的定位效果，从而实现了区域增强系统在非差与差分模式上的高度统一。     

利用先验大气信息辅助解算VRS网络模糊度

基于载波相位差分的网络RTK技术能够提供厘米级实时定位,但首先必须正确确定参考站间模糊度,并建立流动站误差改正模型。基于数天的历史观测数据获得的先验大气信息,本文提出了一种改进的VRS参考站间模糊度解算方法。本方法主要是利用大气误差的时间相关性,提取先验大气信息,对当前GPS观测值的大气误差进行改正,然后再确定模糊度。初步的试验结果表明该方法能提高参考站网络间模糊度解算效率。     

基于BDS/GPS组合定位的部分模糊度固定效果分析

多系统组合有利于提高卫星导航定位的精度及可靠性,然而对于载波差分定位由于模糊度维数的陡增、观测噪声、大气残余误差等原因用传统的Lambda方法很难得到所有模糊度的固定解,采用部分模糊度方法固定最优的模糊度子集则相对容易。总结了现有的部分模糊度固定方法,分析了不同方法的特点,并用实测数据分析了BDS/GPS组合动态定位时部分模糊度固定的效果。实验结果表明,部分模糊度方法可以显著提高模糊度固定时的成功率及Ratio值,并且可以缩短RTK定位时的初始化时间,加快坐标的收敛速度,提高组合系统动态定位结果的精度。