北京大石坡-黑山坨复式岩体地球化学特征、岩石成因及其地质意义

北京早侏罗世大石坡–黑山坨复式岩体出露于华北克拉通东部燕山造山带西段,由大石坡角闪黑云正长岩和黑山坨花岗岩组成。正长岩为富Mg钾质中性岩,微量元素具有富集Rb、Ba、Sr、Pb、LREE等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、U、Th、Zr、Hf以及P、Ti的特征,εNd(t)为-12.1~-12.2,ISr值为0.70506~0.70464;而花岗岩属于弱过铝质Mg质高K钙碱性岩石系列,具有LREE富集、HREE亏损,富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、Pb等大离子亲石元素和放射性元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf以及Sr、P、Ti的特征,εNd(t)为-15.5~-18.0,ISr值为0.70516~0.70593。大石坡正长岩岩浆起源于富集地幔,是幔源K质基性岩浆在高压下分离结晶的产物。幔源岩浆底侵加热并交代下地壳,促使其部分熔融产生花岗质岩浆,侵位于尚未固结的正长岩,形成黑山坨花岗岩,二者组成同心环状复式岩体。大石坡角闪黑云正长岩的岩石学和地球化学特征暗示水的弱化作用在华北地块内部岩石圈地幔破坏过程中扮演了重要角色。幔源岩浆与地壳岩石之间能量和化学成分双扩散作用所导致的部分熔融是形成华北克拉通内部中生代高钾钙碱性长英质岩浆活动的一种重要成岩机制。     

华北克拉通西部临县紫金山碱性岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

山西吕梁地区出露的紫金山岩体为我国著名的碱性岩体之一。为了探讨紫金山碱性岩体的物质来源及地质意义,对该岩体主要岩石进行了岩相学及岩石地球化学研究。结果表明: 紫金山岩体各期次岩石具有低硅、富碱、高钾的特点,属钾质碱性岩石; 岩石轻重稀土元素分馏较强烈,具有轻稀土相对富集、重稀土相对亏损、无明显Eu异常的特征; 微量元素总体表现为大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr等)明显富集、高场强元素(Th、Nb、Ta、La、Ce、Nd、P、Ti等)亏损的特征。紫金山岩体岩浆来源较深,与富集地幔关系密切,岩浆演化机制以部分熔融作用为主且存在陆壳物质混染。结合山西境内多处同时期的碱性、偏碱性岩体特征,推断华北中部早白垩世碱性岩浆活动与古太平洋板块俯冲背景下华北克拉通破坏作用关系密切。     

新疆东天山黄山岩体岩石地球化学特征与岩石成因

黄山岩体位于东天山北部的土墩-黄山-图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中段,受康古尔塔格-黄山韧性剪切带控制,主要由橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、辉石岩、辉长苏长岩、辉长岩以及辉长闪长岩组成.岩石化学组成属拉斑玄武岩系列,普遍富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Ba,Sr),亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,Ti).岩体εNd(t)=+4.1～+9.2,除3件样品εSr(t)为+2.2,+12.5和+15.4,大部分εSr(t)=(-22.5～-4.5),Nd,Sr同位素组成基本属亏损型地幔特征;Pb同住素初始值(206Pb/204Pb)i=18.081～18.413,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.441～15.513,(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.461 6～37.899,具有MORB亲和性.岩相学及岩石地球化学特征显示岩浆演化过程中主要发生了橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶作用.岩浆演化晚期阶段发生了一定程度的同化混染作用,元素地球化学和Nd,Sr,Pb同位素体系证明,岩浆源区主体由软流圈地幔物质组成,同时也有一定量富集型岩石圈地幔组份加入.黄山岩体是岩石圈根部拆沉加热熔融和软流圈地幔上涌减压熔融的产物,这种地幔动力学机制应该对应于后碰撞伸展环境.     

山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘晋西挠褶带临县紫金山杂岩体进行了锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb年代学及地球化学研究。锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb测得紫金山碱性杂岩的结晶年龄为138.3±1.1Ma（MSWD=2.3,9个样品点）;地球化学研究表明该套火成岩富碱（K2O＋Na2O=8.60%～15.62%）,强烈富集大离子亲石元素和LREE、具有Eu正异常,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,高Nb/Ta比值（16.85～18.19）,表明岩石起源于交代富集地幔的部分熔融。结合区域地质背景,文章提出紫金山碱性杂岩可能是早白垩世华北克拉通大规模伸展背景下由交代富集地幔部分熔融作用的产物,该期岩石圈深部的强烈岩浆—热活动是鄂尔多斯盆地燕山晚期构造热事件发生的主要原因。     

新疆菁布拉克含铜镍矿杂岩体形成时代与地球化学特征

西天山菁布拉克含铜镍矿杂岩体处于伊犁微板块南部边缘隆起活动带内。通过LA-ICP-MS获得辉石闪长岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(414.8±0.9)Ma。地球化学特征上,岩体的稀土总量总体变化较小,岩体中各样品的La/Sm值介于1.07～2.61,球粒陨石标准化配分曲线表现为平缓型到轻稀土元素低度富集型。总体上富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr等),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等),尤其明显亏损Nb、Ti和Ta。岩体εNd(t)为+3.8～+6.3,表明岩浆源区为亏损地幔。研究认为菁布拉克含矿杂岩体的形成与早古生代南天山洋向中天山板块下的俯冲作用有关,沉积物脱水产生流体交代地幔楔导致地幔部分熔融,分离结晶及微弱的同化混染作用导致成岩成矿。     

山西吕梁地区吕梁群变基性火山岩原岩形成年龄、地球化学特征及形成环境

华北克拉通古元古代中期构造环境及演化至今尚存有争议,该时期相关岩浆作用的成因研究可为这些问题的解决提供重要证据。本文对华北克拉通中部山西吕梁地区古元古代中期形成的吕梁群近周营组基性火山岩开展综合研究,获得2 180±19 Ma 的形成年龄,岩石地球化学低TiO₂、高Al₂O₃ 和K₂O,属钙碱性系列。微量元素富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、Sr 等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti 和P等高场强元素,富集Pb,具轻稀土略富集、铕弱异常的右倾稀土模式,与典型消减带弧岩浆产物特征一致。同位素组成显示正ε_Nd（t）= 1.0～2.6 和ε_Hf（t）= 1.8～9.2, 指示它们来源于亏损地幔,低的Ti/Y（246～385）和Ce/Y 值（0.99～1.77）进一步揭示,地幔源区受到俯冲流体的交代和沉积物的参与,是楔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩与石榴石二辉橄榄岩过渡带略亏损地幔区发生部分熔融,并经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石等矿物分离结晶作用而形成。结合同期埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武岩-安山岩组合以及弧花岗岩类的出现提出,2 200 Ma 华北中部带已演化至活动大陆边缘弧的构造环境。     

湘东北中生代基性岩脉微量元素地球化学特征及岩石成因

湘东北中生代基性岩脉可以分为煌斑岩和辉绿岩两类，前者形成于136.61Ma，后者形成于86.18Ma,与华南中生代主要拉张时期相对应。岩石富集LREE，Eu负异常不明显，其形成主要受地幔部分熔融作用制约。早期煌斑岩类微量元素和Sr、Nd同位素总体上具有富集地幔（EMⅡ型）洋岛玄武岩（OIB）特征，富集Nd、P、Cs，而K、Rb、Sr、U、Th等富集程度不明显，Ta、Nb略有富集，具有软流圈地幔上涌地幔热柱玄武岩岩浆源区性质，表现出软流圈地幔上涌部分熔融的成岩特点。晚期辉绿岩类表现出Ta、Nb、Ti亏损，但LILE并不富集，反映地壳混染程度的增强，具有大陆拉张带（裂谷初期）形成的玄武岩岩浆源区性质，为岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成。二者具有不同的岩浆源区性质，从早期到晚期岩浆源区向上迁移并致使部分陆 物质混入，反映由热点式拉张到岩石圈伸展－减薄的作用过程。     

华北克拉通中部早白垩世岩石圈地幔性质：来自狐偃山科头钾质正长岩年代学、同位素的限制

华北克拉通东部中生代岩石圈减薄已经取得了大量进展,相比之下对克拉通中部岩石圈演化认识不足。本文对华北克拉通中部狐偃山杂岩体中科头正长岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、主量和微量元素、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,科头正长岩侵位于早白垩世晚期(～111Ma)。岩石样品均为钾质—超钾质,属于碱性系列岩石。这些岩石相对富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土和中稀土,具有明显的正Eu异常(Eu/Eu~*=1.22～1.96)、富集大离子亲石元素LILE(Rb、Sr、Ba),亏损高场强元素HFSE(Nb、Ta、Ti)。所有岩石样品具有相对高的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值(0.7058～0.7062)和低的ε_(Nd)(t)(-10.4～—11.1),ε_(Hf)(t)介于—12.2～—5.2之间。详细的元素和同位素地球化学研究表明科头正长岩的原始岩浆可能来源于富集岩石圈地幔中富金云母的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩源区的部分熔融,岩浆演化过程中经历了地壳混染与结晶分异(AFC)过程。结合华北克拉通中部岩浆资料,将华北克拉通中部早白垩世岩浆作用分为早晚两期:早期(123～135Ma)为岩浆作用高峰期,晚期(～114Ma)为最后一期弱的岩浆期;华北克拉通中部陆下岩石圈地幔是富集的、不均一的,其至少在早白垩世(138～111Ma)一直处于减薄状态。     

辽东桓仁西部古元古代侵入岩年代学及岩石地球化学

华北克拉通东部辽东地区出露古元古代侵入岩,为准确认识辽东地区古元古代构造演化过程,选取北沟岩体、正岔岩体和树柳林子岩体的岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学特征,探讨了岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造环境。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究表明,柳林子岩体年龄为(2 490±8) Ma,北沟岩体年龄为(2 457±11) Ma。北沟岩体高硅富钾,富集Rb、U、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强元素,为过铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,Nb/Ta平均值5. 75,Rb/Nb平均值4. 21,源于太古宙古老地壳的部分熔融;正岔岩体高硅富钾,富集Rb、Ba、U、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强元素,为弱过铝质高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩,Nb/Ta平均值16. 06,Rb/Nb平均值4. 81,源区可能由幔源岩浆底侵带来的热量加热地壳,导致其重熔并与之混合后形成的。柳林子岩体为变质角闪辉长岩,呈亚碱性,富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强元素,显示其岩浆可能形成于受陆壳微弱混染的软流圈地幔或岩石圈地幔。认为研究区古元古代侵入岩形成于东、西陆块碰撞拼合后的后造山挤压向板内伸展转换的构造环境,为构造体质转换的产物。     

华北克拉通减薄的岩浆岩响应:来自河北武安洪山含霓石斑状正长岩的证据

洪山碱性杂岩体出露于河北省邯郸市永年县,地处太行山南段,出露面积约53 km²,岩性以正长岩类为主体,侵位于晚古生代—中生代地层中。洪山碱性杂岩体中正长岩属于钾质的碱性系列岩石,形成于拉张环境,其形成年龄为(120.1±4.6) Ma,是华北克拉通岩浆作用峰期的产物。岩体稀土元素配分图中无Eu异常,表现为轻稀土元素富集的配分型式。富集Rb、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,具有大陆地壳特征。野外观察到岩石具有从深成到浅成-超浅成的特征,电子探针发现长石出现反环带,正长岩中不含继承锆石等特征,结合若要使地壳内岩石部分熔融产生无铕异常的正长质岩浆,那么压力应大于20 kbar,说明洪山碱性杂岩体形成于加厚地壳局部熔融,后经历了少量幔源岩浆混合及地幔流体的注入等过程,导致正长岩出现一定的地幔Hf、Nd同位素印记,而未改变其主微量元素特征,随后在拉张环境下快速上升至地表浅处。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of