建水县普雄矿区断层形成机理及变形期次

云南建水县普雄铌稀土矿区的主要断层划分为北东向逆断层、北东东向左行平移断层和北西西向右行平移断层。其中北东向逆断层由北西、南东向的挤压作用形成,构造变形时期属燕山晚期。北东东向左行平移断层由北西、南东向的挤压作用派生的近南北向水平剪切作用形成,构造变形时期属燕山晚期。北西西向右行平移断层由近东西向的右行水平剪切作用形成,构造变形时期属喜马拉雅晚期。     

冀中坳陷中生代构造变形的转换及油气

冀中坳陷中生代构造变形主要包括印支期古亚洲域的北西西向和燕山期环太平洋域的北东、北北东向压性构造及其配套的北西向张性构造。前者主要是残存的徐水─任丘古隆起带，次要则如留西─大王庄古隆起带等；后者除了北东向的高阳─无极隆起带以外，则以同向的断裂构造为主。西界为太行山东伸展断层，而东界为 (古 )马西逆冲断层和 (古 )里坦逆冲断层以及 (古 )宁晋逆冲断层、 (古 )新河逆冲断层等构成叠瓦状逆冲系统。古亚洲域向环太平洋域的转换时期在中侏罗─早白垩世之间。中生代构造研究可以为冀中坳陷深层油气提供潜山圈闭、下第三系披覆背斜圈闭和岩性圈闭等有利勘探目标。     

黔南坳陷及邻区盆地演化和海相沉积的后期改造

黔南坳陷是扬子克拉通内由3组不同方向的断裂围限的一个相对稳定的区块。分4个阶段（新元古代,早古生代,晚古生代—三叠纪,侏罗纪—古近纪）重塑了贵州南部及邻区与周边造山作用耦合的盆地演化。广西运动形成北东向构造,是海相沉积建造阶段中的一次重要改造。印支运动使贵阳—镇远断裂和紫云—罗甸断裂反转,奠定了其成为黔南坳陷的北界和西南界断裂的基础。中侏罗世后的逆掩—冲断可分为两期：早期称燕山运动,以北东走向的断裂向北西逆冲和扩展为特征;晚期称燕山末期—喜马拉雅运动,区域上表现为北北东走向的断裂向南东东逆冲,铜仁—三都断裂成为黔南坳陷的东界,印支运动形成的近南北向—北北东向断层向西（偏北）逆冲,构成铜仁—三都断裂的背冲构造。近南北向断层上盘发育的开阔背斜是黔南坳陷内海相油气勘探的最有利靶区。     

内蒙地轴南缘盖层中逆冲断层的样式及形成机制

内蒙地轴南缘盖层中,发育了多种样式的逆冲断层,如叠瓦式、背冲式、对冲式和楔冲式.这些逆冲断层都发育在基底断裂控制的断陷盆地边缘,并向盆内逆冲。形成发育的过程是:区域拉伸、基底断裂活动和断陷盆地发育→区域挤压、盆缘逆冲断层发育→盆缘进一步隆起、逆冲断层进一步发育。所以区域拉伸和挤压、断陷盆地的发育和盆缘逆冲断层的活动三者密切相关。逆冲作用主要发生于燕山运动时期。     

库车-喀什北缘山前带构造特征及成因分析

通过地震非地震联合解释及多年的勘探研究,认为受基底结构、构造演化、逆冲及走滑断裂等影响,库车-喀什北缘山前冲断带具有东西分段、南北分带的构造特征。自西向东分为喀什北缘、柯坪断隆和库车坳陷三大段,受近南北向逆冲挤压作用,每段均发育多排北东-南西向展布的逆冲褶皱带,其中库车坳陷主要由克拉苏、依奇克里克、秋里塔格构造带及乌什、拜城、阳霞凹陷等呈斜列式展布的次级构造单元组成。普遍发育的膏盐岩塑性层在一系列逆冲和走滑断裂的作用下,使得山前带构造样式更为复杂,发育断层转折褶皱、断层传播褶皱、滑脱褶皱和盐底辟(刺穿)构造等四种基本构造样式及多种组合样式。     

珠一坳陷新生代断裂体系特征及其转型机制

运用丰富的三维地震资料, 在断裂体系静态刻画与动态分析的基础上, 分析珠一坳陷新生代断裂发育的时空差异性, 并就断裂转型机制进行探讨.结果表明: 断裂体系发育差异性及转型受控于不同区域动力学背景及岩石圈的差异伸展机制.裂陷期(E₂w-E₂e), 控盆断裂由始新世的北北东、北东-北东东向向近东西、北西西向转变, 岩石圈伸展作用由宽裂谷方式向窄裂谷方式转变以及由陆(北)向海(南)的迁移, 造成了断裂活动北强南弱及其向北扩展, 推测是因为印支地块的旋转挤出和古南海的俯冲导致区域应力场由北西向顺时针转变为近南北向拉张, 进而产生了断裂的幕式特征变化; 裂后拗陷期(E₃z-N₁z-N₁h), 断裂活动微弱, 推测与岩石圈伸展中心逐渐向南迁移至南海扩张中心, 南海北部陆缘整体处于裂后沉降阶段有关; 构造活化期(N₁y-N₂w-Q), 先期北西西向、近东西向控盆断裂复活, 近东西、北东和北西向走滑断裂形成, 推测与弧-陆碰撞作用产生的北东东向右旋走滑作用有关.现今断裂体系特征体现了多期构造运动的叠加效应, 明确断裂发育的时空差异性对于珠一坳陷油气勘探具有重要指导意义.     

库车坳陷克拉苏构造带分层收缩构造变形及其主控因素

库车坳陷中段克拉苏构造带广泛发育盐相关收缩构造变形,总体具有"垂向叠置、分层变形"的整体挤压变形特征。沿东-西向克拉苏构造带不同区段深浅层构造变形样式、断层位移存在明显差异,北部盐下层由1～2条高角度基底卷入逆冲断层为主导,并在断层下盘发育捷径断层。区域结构平衡剖面和先存构造活动趋势分析结果表明,克拉苏构造带北侧变形属于基底卷入变形,早期先存断裂在后期收缩变形中重新活动,形成高角度的逆冲断裂。物理和数值砂箱模拟结果表明,盐岩层先于其上、下地层发生变形,其厚度、分布及边界条件差异是造成垂向分层收缩变形的主要控制因素。     

海拉尔盆地红旗凹陷早白垩世构造特征与变形期次的厘定

海拉尔盆地是叠置于内蒙-大兴安岭古生代碰撞造山带之上的中-新生代盆地,总体上呈北东向展布,由三坳、两隆5个一级构造单元组成,自西向东依次为扎贲诺尔坳陷、嵯岗隆起、贝尔湖坳陷、巴彦山隆起和呼和湖坳陷, 其中红旗凹陷是位于贝尔湖坳陷北部的一个二级构造单元。研究表明,红旗凹陷在早白垩世经历了4个变形阶段：在早白垩世兴安岭群-南屯组沉积时期为NW-SE向伸展作用阶段,形成以大型犁式正断层为控陷断层的NE向箕状半地堑;在大磨拐河组-伊敏组一段沉积时期为NW-SE向挤压作用阶段,使早期控陷正断层发生强烈的反转作用而转化为逆断层,靠近控陷断层的NW边界由于断层上盘的逆冲而隆升,凹陷的SE斜坡带由于控陷断层在反转作用过程中深部的逆冲滑移在浅部受阻而发生的旋转式隆升,使凹陷的规模发生明显萎缩,并在凹陷的中部形成大型NE向断层转折褶皱,构成了红旗凹陷的中部断隆带;在伊敏组二段下部沉积时期为近EW向伸展作用阶段,早期控陷断层表现出正断层的特征,新形成的NE向控陷断层具有左行离散型走滑的性质;在伊敏组二段上部沉积时期为近EW向挤压作用阶段,早期控陷断层再次表现为上盘逆冲的特征,在断层上盘、靠近断层的部位形成反转背斜,并在凹陷中形成断层转折褶皱。在每一变形阶段中,红旗凹陷的构造特征在空间上存在一定的差异。     

库车坳陷东部断裂特征与构造演化

山前逆冲褶皱带的几何学和运动学研究属于构造地质学前沿课题,也是全球山前盆地油气勘探开发所关注的问题.综合二维地震剖面、钻测井数据、地质填图资料,建立了库车坳陷东部两类断层几何学和运动学模型,绘制了吐孜洛克断层和东秋里塔格断层断距分布图以及东秋里塔格背斜位移缩短量分布图.研究资料表明库车坳陷东部发育两种类型断层,古近纪发育高角度逆冲断层,造成山前基底抬升,白垩系-古近系被剥蚀;上新世发育低角度逆冲断层,引发库车坳陷中生界-新生界变形,形成盆地腹部隐伏的叠瓦状逆冲构造.      

柴北缘大柴旦地区山前带构造建模及演化研究

针对柴北缘大柴旦地区北东、北西向两组逆冲推覆断裂交汇,构造变形极其复杂,构造解析困难的问题,充分利用野外地质调查、地震、重磁电、钻井(孔)等资料,理清了研究区主要断裂体系及其组合特征与展布规律。采用地表和地下构造、浅部和深部构造、地震和非震资料相结合的方法,开展了山前带构造建模研究与构造解析。通过研究,确定了研究区发育NW和近WE向两组断层和盆缘逆冲、盆内逆冲、盆内挤压走滑等3类断裂体系,平面上具有分区、分带性;建立了盆缘、盆内不同构造变形机制的构造解释模型;共识别出了挤压、伸展和走滑等3大类8种构造样式,明确了构造样式组合模式及其分布规律,理清了研究区“南北分带、东西分区”的构造变形特征;南西北东向构造演化剖面分析明确了盆缘、盆内推覆构造与盆内反冲构造后展式演化时序及其对中生界残留分布的控制作用。     

郯庐断裂带研究的十年回顾

1980—1990的十年间,作者主要根据自己和参考国内外地学工作者对郯庐断裂带研究的地质成果,论述了该断裂带的范围、性质、产状、结构、形成时间、断裂两侧的水平位移、两侧地块的对比及其成矿作用等。     

鄂西建始断裂工程活动性评价

本文通过对鄂西建始断裂的几何分形结构和变形结构的分析,结合其新构造活动、现今构造活动特征,探讨断裂的运动学和动力学特征以及形成演化过程。建始断裂分段特征明显,在燕山主期以逆冲作用为主,在燕山晚期以伸展作用为其主要活动特征,在喜马拉雅期则表现为平面左旋剪切活动;在新构造活动期以右旋剪切为主,北段构造活动性相对较强,中段和南段构造活动性相对较弱。断裂在Ｑ１－Ｑ２时期有过明显的活动,其最新活动测试年龄为     

龙门山地区关口断裂形成与演化分析

根据大量野外露头剖面资料与钻井数据,系统分析了关口断裂形成过程与演化特征。认为关口断裂在印支早、中期为张性大力构造背景下形成的同沉积正断层,在晚三叠世卡尼克期为生长性正断层;印支晚期构造事件中该断裂改变为逆冲断层。关口断裂活动性较强,其中在燕山晚期活动性最强。关口断裂在喜马拉雅期有多期次的、长时期的强烈活动;并且目前仍是一条活动性的断层。     

Fault-Growth Pattern of the South Margin Normal Fault of the Yuguang Basin in Northwest Beijing and its Influencing Factors

Based on high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation, digital elevation model 3-D analysis, field geologic field investigation, trenching engineering, and ground-penetrating radar, synthetic research on the evolution of the Yuguang Basin South Margin Fault (YBSMF) in northwest Beijing was carried out. We found that the propagation and growth of faults most often occurred often at two locations: the fault overlapping zone and the uneven or rough fault segment. Through detailed observation and analysis of all cropouts of faults along the YBSMF from zone a to zone i, we identified three major factors that dominate or affect fault propagation and growth. First, the irregularity of fault geometry determine the propagation and growth of the fault, and therefore, the faults always propagate and grow at such irregular fault segments. The fault finally cuts off and eliminates its irregularity, making the fault geometry and fault plane smoother than before, which contributes to the slipping movement of the half-graben block in the basin. Second, the scale of the irregularity of the fault geometry affects the result of fault propagation and growth, that is, the degree of the cutting off of fault irregularity. The degree of cutting off decreases as irregularity scale increases. Third, the maximum possible slip displacement of the fault segment influences the duration of fault propagation and growth. The duration at the central segments with a large slip displacement is longer than that at the end segments with a smaller slippage value.     

重大工程选区工程活断裂调查要点及评价刍议

本文从重大工程选区活动断裂中专门划分出"工程活断裂",并重点提出了活动年龄、地震活动和现代活动速率等三大主要确定标准,以及野外调查基本要求,从而对相关工程做出综合评价。      

Holocene displacement field at an emerged oceanic transform-ridge junction: The Husavik-Flatey Fault – Gudfinnugja Fault system,North Iceland

Our research focuses on Holocene tectonics in a broad area surrounding the junction between the active NW–SE trending Husavik-Flatey transform fault (HFF) and the N–S Gudfinnugja normal fault (GF), an exceptional example of onshore transform-ridge intersection. We mapped 637 minor and major faults, and measured the dip-slip and strike-slip offset components on the major faults. We also mapped 1016 individual tension fractures, as well as opening directions on the most reliable ones. The results indicate that this portion of the HFF comprises major right-stepping segments, with both normal and right-lateral strike-slip components, linked by local normal faults. The entire GF always shows pure dip-slip normal displacements, with a strong decrease in offset at the junction with the HFF. Fissure opening directions are in the range N45°-65°E along the HFF, N90°E along the GF, and N110°E within the area south of the HFF and west of the GF. Fault kinematics and fissure openings suggest a displacement field in good agreement with most of present-day GPS measurements, although our data indicate the possible long-term Holocene effects of the superimposition of magma-related stresses on the regional tectonic stresses. The HFF and the GF work together as a structural system able to accommodate differential crustal block motion, and possibly past dyke intrusions.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

阿尔金山各边界断裂的归属性

系统研究阿尔金山南缘断裂、西北缘断裂、北缘红柳沟-拉配泉断裂的构造属性, 对重新认识中国大陆西部构造格架具有非常重要的意义.在卫星遥感图像宏观解译和野外调查基础上, 充分参考了近年来的区域地质调查和前人研究成果, 分析了阿尔金山各边界断裂特征, 结果表明南缘断裂形成于元古宙, 早古生代中晚期是一条具有右行走滑性质的巨型陆内转换断层, 中新生代分段差异复活; 西北缘断裂系形成较晚, 中新生代以来发生强烈的左行走滑, 应属于亚洲共轭滑移系的组成部分; 红柳沟-拉配泉断裂属于塔里木地块中央构造带系统, 是一条蛇绿构造混杂带, 早古生代属于陆缘或陆间裂谷.它们三者分属于不同的断裂系统, 具有不同的形成演化史, 其活动形式和构造意义各有不同, 但又相互联系、相互制约.      

Relationship between the Pre-existing Active Kunlun Fault and Co-seismic Surface Ruptures Produced by the 2001 Mw 7．8 Central Kunlun Earthquake，China

Field investigations allow to constrain the co-seismic surface rupture zone of ～400km with a strike-slip up to 16．3 m associated with the 2001Mw 7．8 Central Kunlun earthquake that occurred along the western segment of the Kunlun fault,northern Tibet．The co-seismic rupture structures are almost duplicated on the pre-existing fault traces of the Kunlun fault．The deformational characteristics of the co-seismic surface ruptures reveal that the earthquake had a nearly pure strike-slip mechanism．Theg eologic and topographice vidence clearly shows that spatial distributions of the co-seismic surface ruptures are re-stricted by the pre-existing geological structures of the Kunlun fault．     

Multistage deformation of linked fault systems in extensional regions: An example from the northern Perth Basin,Western Australia

Linked fault systems identified in the northern portion of the onshore Perth basin comprise north‐striking normal faults, the dominant structures in the basin, and hard linkages—east‐striking transfer faults. The former are either divided into segments of distinctive character by, or terminate at, the transfer faults. The fault systems were initiated by west‐southwest‐east‐northeast extension in the Early Permian but were reactivated by subsequent rifting with approximately east‐west extension in the Jurassic. They were also reactivated by the oblique extension of northwest‐southeast orientation associated with Gondwana continental breakup in the Late Jurassic ‐ earliest Cretaceous. In addition to reactivation, older structures of the linked fault families controlled the development of younger fractures and folds. During the oblique extension, the linked fault systems define releasing bends, characterised by a rollover anticline in the hangingwall of the Mountain Bridge Fault, and restraining bends where contractional folds are sites of major commercial hydrocarbon fields in the basin.