Reservoir Volcanic Rocks: Geology and Geochemistry, the Mesozoic Non-Marine Songliao Basin, NE China

The reservoir volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin include the Lower Cretaceous (Klyc Form., 114～135 Ma,acidic rocks) and the Upper Jurassic (J3hs Form., 145～158 Ma, intermediate rocks). Vesicles coupled with faults make the volcanic reservoir spaces which do not as badly getting worse with buried depth as those of sediments generally doing. The flood rhyolites of the Lower Cretaceous cover ca. 100 000 km2 with relict thickness from 100 m to more than 1000 m. They are high-silica, rich in aluminum and potassium, high REE contents with large negative Eu anomalies,thus believed also be formed by the large-scale sialic crust partial-melting. The andesitic rocks of the Upper Jurassic are rich in Al and K, but with lower REE contents and minor negative Eu anomalies, as well as dispersal patterns of HREE.They are believed to be produced by progressively shallower partial-melting where the fractionation of garnet and/or zircon may be involved. The most probable heat sources provided for the long-lasting volcanisms in the Songliao Basin is the subduction of the Okhotsk plate.     

Geochemistry,petrogenesis and tectonic implication of Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites in Hailar Basin,NE China

Early Cretaceous A-type rhyolites of the Shangkuli Formation in the Hailar Basin of NE China exhibit geochemical characteristics of high silicon, alkali, Fe/Mg, Ga/Al, Zr, Pb, HFSEs, and REE contents but low Ca, Ba, Sr and Eu, which meet the criteria of typical reduced A-type granite.The A-type rhyolites are most probably derived from magmatic underplating and partial melting of quartz-feldspathic lower crust, with the lithospheric mantle material involved, due to the extensional deformation of the Erguna-Hulun Fault.Although the A-type rhyolites show A1-type trace elements characteristics, they were formed in a post-orogenic extension-al background together with the coeval widespread bimodal volcanic rocks, metamorphic core complexes, vol-canic fault basins and metallogenic province in the Sino-Russia-Mongolia border tract.This extension event was related to the collapse of thickened region of the continental crust after the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.     

安徽南陵—宣城地区岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄及元素地球化学特征

安徽南陵-宣城地区是一个中-新生代火山-沉积盆地,位于长江中下游构造-岩浆-成矿带东北段的东南翼。对该区发育的岩浆岩开展了较为系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及岩石主量、微量和稀土元素分析,并与长江中下游构造-岩浆-成矿带其他地区岩浆岩进行对比,旨在确定岩浆岩的成岩时代、探讨岩浆岩成因及其与成矿的关系。南陵-宣城地区岩浆岩一部分侵入于盆地基底中,另一部分喷发形成盆地盖层,还有一部分产于盆地之上的推覆构造(体)中。侵入岩的岩性主要为花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩、辉石闪长岩等,火山岩主要为英安质火山碎屑岩和熔岩。获得的侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄主要为138~135 Ma,火山岩年龄均小于134 Ma,表明岩浆作用发生于晚中生代(燕山晚期)早白垩世。岩浆岩主量元素显示高Si、K的特征,为亚碱性高钾钙碱性系列岩石;微量元素组成显示岩浆岩富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,火山岩比侵入岩较为亏损Sr和P;球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式均表现为富集轻稀土元素的右倾模式和较弱的Eu负异常。元素地球化学特征指示区内岩浆岩具有壳幔混源且以幔源为主的特征。南陵-宣城地区既发育与长江中下游构造-岩浆-成矿带隆起区(如铜陵地区)同位素地质年龄和地球化学特征基本一致的侵入岩,又发育与凹陷区(如庐枞、宁芜等盆地)同位素地质年龄和地球化学特征基本一致的火山-次火山岩,显示该区晚中生代岩浆作用具有长江中下游构造-岩浆-成矿带隆起区和凹陷区的双重特征。岩浆作用的双重特征暗示与其有关的成矿作用也可能具有双重性,即既可能发育与隆起区侵入岩浆作用有关的斑岩型、矽卡岩型和脉型铜金等多金属矿床,也可能发育与凹陷区火山-次火山岩有关的玢岩型铁(硫)矿床。     

新疆卡拉麦里姜巴斯套组火山岩地球化学特征与构造意义

通过对新疆卡拉麦里姜巴斯套组火山岩野外地质特征、岩石学和高精度同位素年代学的研究,发现姜巴斯套组火山岩具典型双峰式组合,岩石类型包括玄武岩-酸性火山碎屑岩-玄武粗面安山岩;得到玄武粗面安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(319.8±2)Ma(加权均方偏差值为3),表明姜巴斯套组火山岩形成于早石炭世谢尔普霍夫阶。对火山岩地球化学特征的研究表明,姜巴斯套组火山岩钙碱性系列、高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列岩石兼而有之,岩石的稀土元素配分曲线均为轻稀土元素富集型,无明显Eu异常,玄武岩和玄武粗面安山岩具有K正异常和Sr负异常,酸性火山碎屑岩表现出Nb、Ta和Ti显著亏损。总体来说,姜巴斯套组火山岩富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素。玄武岩和玄武粗面安山岩表现出大陆裂谷(大陆板内拉张区域)岩石特征;酸性火山碎屑岩表现出岛弧或者活动大陆边缘岩石属性。总之,姜巴斯套组火山岩形成于卡拉麦里洋盆闭合碰撞造山后的拉张伸展环境,卡拉麦里地区在早石炭世末期就进入了碰撞后的陆内伸展拉伸阶段。     

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous riebeckite granophyres in southern Da Hinggan Mts.

This paper reports lithologic features,K--Ar age and geochemical data of riebeckite granophyres from Aliwula area in the southern Da Hinggan Mts.,aiming to reveal the petrogenesis of riebeckite granophyres.K-Ar age of riebeckite granophyres is 126 ± 2 Ma,implying that the riebeckite granophyres formed in the Early Cretaceous.The granophyres are rich in riebeckites and with a lot of melt-fluid inclusion in its quartz phenocrysts.The granophyres are characterized by extensive enrichment in SiO2,FeO,and(Na2O+K2O) and depletion in MgO and CaO,strong negative Eu anomalies and strong positive Ce anomalies.Additionally,the riebeckite granophyres not only have high total REE contents and display enrichment of HFSEs(for example Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta),but also are strong in depletion of LILEs(e.g.Ba,Sr) as well as high Ga /Al ratios.Primitive mantle-normalized REE pattern significantly displays REE M--W tetrad effect.REEs fractionate evidently and highly enrich in LREE,but are uneven distribution in the rocks.Taken together,we conclude that the riebeckite granophyres are similar to typical A-type granite,which could be derived from stretching environments in the Early Cretaceous.The granophyres originated from residual melt which underwent highly differentiation process,and were formed in magmatic-hydrothemal transition stage at last.     

浙江雁荡山地区晚中生代火山-沉积岩系地层归属讨论

浙江雁荡山地区晚中生代火山-沉积岩系的地层归属,存在磨石山群和永康群两种截然不同的认识.本文在详细分析对比了该区与浙东南磨石山群和永康群的地层层序、岩相组合、接触关系,古生物组合,同位素地质年龄,Nd同位素体系特征以及火山构造类型等方面的资料,认为除原划为永康群盆地外,仅桥下地区有面积不大的永康群,其余均为早白垩世早期的磨石山群,而不是早白恶世晚期至晚白垩世早期的永康群.特别是在永嘉枫林村北,首次发现并证实了不整合覆于震旦系浅变质岩之上的大爽组地层,为浙东南沿海晚中生界火山-沉积岩系的划分对比提供了坚实的基础.     

小秦岭地区金钼多金属矿成矿特征与找矿预测

小秦岭地区是中国重要的金钼矿产基地。以构造-岩浆-成矿系统为指导,综合研究认为区内金钼多金属矿床可分为印支期—燕山期与重熔型花岗岩浆侵入活动有关的金(钼)矿床成矿系列和与深源浅成型花岗岩、碱性岩有关的钼(金钨)矿床成矿系列。金(钼)矿床类型主要包括石英脉型、构造蚀变岩型、糜棱岩型、爆破角砾岩型和复合型等,以前两者为主;钼(金钨)矿床类型主要包括斑岩型、斑岩-矽卡岩型、斑岩-爆破角砾岩型、石英-碳酸岩脉型和构造蚀变岩型等,也以前两者为主。该区三叠世以来共发生过3次岩浆侵入活动,每次都伴有不同程度的钼金矿化作用,并分别对应于不同的钼金矿化高峰期。钼的成矿作用分为印支期(210~220 Ma)和燕山期早白垩世早期(140~145Ma)、早白垩世中晚期(110~138Ma);金的成矿作用分为印支期(约220Ma)和燕山期早白垩世中晚期(约130Ma);钼、金成矿在印支期和燕山期早白垩世中晚期叠合,而在燕山期早白垩世早期分离。整体上,区内岩体与断裂构造控矿特征明显,燕山期金钼成矿作用强烈发育。该区娃娃沟—峪耳沟、峪耳沟—曹家沟、太子坪—葫芦沟—荒地沟与文公岭北坡等地区为金钼多金属矿的有利找矿靶区,并应特别重视中酸性小岩体的含矿性评价。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Baicaogou tuff in Yanji,NE China and its tectonic implications for Early Cretaceous

The authors studied zircon U-Pb age and geochemical data of Baicaogou tuff in Yanji,Jilin Province.The results indicate that the rocks formed in Early Cretaceous( 125. 6 ± 2. 3 Ma). Geochemically,these tuffs have high Si O2 and total Na2 O + K2 O,low Mg O and Fe O,and they belong to metaluminous series,the rock are enriched in LREEs and LILEs,depleted in HREEs and HFSEs such as Nb,Ta,Ti,and P,exhibiting an affinity to I-type granite. All these characteristics implied that the volcanic rocks were derived from partial melting of lower crust. Combined with the geochronology and geochemical features of the coeval igneous rocks within NE China,it is concluded that Yanji area was in a back-arc extensional setting in response to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.     

辽宁西部中白垩世火山旋回的划分与对比

辽宁西部地区中生代白垩纪存在两期火山旋回,时代分别属早白垩世早期和中白垩世早期。早白垩世火山旋同即义县组,中白垩世火山旋回本文称为大兴庄火山岩,该期火山岩火山活动微弱,火山岩分柑局限,主要出露于阜新—义县盆地的东侧上齐台一带,以宁静的侵出和次火山岩侵入为主,是早白垩世阜新组沉积之后,中白垩世孙家湾组沉积之前的一次火山活动,它与孙家湾组共同组成一个火山喷发—沉积旋回。     

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of volcanic rocks from Qushenla Formation in Gerze area of northern Tibetan Plateau

By using petrological,isotope chronological,and geochemical methods,the authors studied the volcanic rocks in the studied area,mainly including dacites and trachytes. The results show that they formed during the late Early Cretaceous. Geochemically,the volcanic rocks are relatively enriched in large-ion lithophile elements( Rb,K,and Th) and depleted in high field strength elements( Nb,Ta,and Ti),and rich in light rare earth elements,and depleted in heavy rare earth elements. The fact indicates that the main body of the volcanic rocks in the Qushenla Formation was derived from the partial melting of lower crust. The lithological assemblages are characterized by continental high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic series,suggesting that the southward-subducting oceanic slab in southern Bangong Lake had break off and that the Bangong Lake-Nujiang Ocean had closed before 107 Ma. The main dynamic mechanisms for the genesis of this set of intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks were upwelling of the asthenosphere and partial melting of the lower crust caused by slab break-off.     

西秦岭大水金矿岩浆岩年代学、地球化学特征

西秦岭大水金矿床与其周围伴生的中酸性小岩体的成因关系,直接影响矿床成因的划分和深部资源的开发。中酸性岩浆岩的成因、源区性质及岩体规模对金矿成矿有重要影响。大水金矿岩浆岩地球化学研究结果显示:岩浆系列属于高钾钙碱性系列;岩体球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损、Eu正异常的特征;岩体洋中脊花岗岩标准化微量元素蛛网图显示其富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Hf、Zr、Sm、Y、Yb等,花岗岩的w(Sr)-w(Yb)分类属于高Sr、低Yb"C"型埃达克岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年获得大水金矿格尔括合岩体和竖井941岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(215.8±1.3)、(202.9±1.5)Ma;成矿热液蚀变叠加在脉岩之上,成矿年龄应晚于202.9 Ma的脉岩年龄。Sr-Nd同位素组成具有高初始N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)值、低εNd的特点,模式年龄为1.29~1.47Ga。εSr(t)-εNd(t)图解表明岩浆源区为下地壳;εNd(t)-初始N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)图解暗示西秦岭存在统一的岩浆源区。因此,西秦岭大水金矿在成因上与高Sr、低Yb"C"型埃达克岩密切相关。     

山西中条山涑水杂岩中冷口变质火山岩的地球化学及构造环境

冷口变质火山岩为较典型的双峰式火山岩，以变质基性火山岩为主，夹变质英安质岩石。依据元素地球化学和同位素地球化学分析，它应形成于大陆或大陆边缘裂谷环境。基性岩浆来源于亏损地幔，岩浆在侵位过程中受到强烈的地壳成分混杂作用改造，而英安质岩石可能是由大陆地壳部分熔融作用形成的。     

Characteristics and tectonic setting of volcanic rocks in Early Cretaceous Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area，Inner Mongolia

The authors studied zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating,the zircon Hf isotope and geochemistry of acidic volcanic rocks in Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area,Inner Mongolia,and discussed the chronology, source region and tectonic setting of the volcanic rocks in the studied area． The clear oscillatory zoning of zir- cons indicates a typical magmatic origin,and the results of dating show that the volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation were formed in Early Cretaceous (121.5 ±1.0 Ma)． The features of major and trace elements show that the rocks are alkali-rich,poor in calcium and magnesium with enrichment in LILEs like Th,U,K and Gd and depletion in HFSEs,e.g. Nb,Ta,Sr and Ti． The fact implies that they were the products of partial melting of the crust． εHf(t) = ( +6.30--+9.06) and TDM2=600--835 Ma,suggest the magma originated from par- tial melting of the young crust． Combined with the evolution of regional tectonic structure,the authors conclude that the acidic volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation may be formed under the extensional environment relat- ed to the subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate．     

新疆金山沟巴塔玛依内山组火山岩及地球化学特征

早石炭世巴塔玛依内山组为一套陆相火山岩,下部以基性熔岩为主,上部以中酸性、酸性火山碎屑岩为主.岩石地球化学研究表明,区内火山岩呈高铝玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩钙碱性系列的演化趋势.从基性岩到酸性岩稀土模式相似,但铕负异常愈加明显.火山活动与金银矿成矿关系密切,玄武岩类、火山碎屑岩类Au、Ag、As含量较高,可能是成矿物源.     

Distribution and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China

About forty productive oil/gas fields hosted in volcanic reservoirs have been found since 1957 in fourteen basins of China. They can be simply subdivided into two groups, the east and the west. Reservoir volcanic rocks of the east group are predominantly composed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rhyolite and Tertiary basalt, preferred being considered as rift type volcanics developed in the circum-Pacific tectonic regime. Those of the west are Permo-Carboniferous intermediate/basic volcanic rocks, being island-arc type ones developed in paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime.     

Distribution and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China

About forty productive oil/gas fields hosted in volcanic reservoirs have been found since 1957 in fourteen basins of China. They can be simply subdivided into two groups, the east and the west. Reservoir volcanic rocks of the east group are predominantly composed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rhyolite and Tertiary basalt, preferred being considered as rift type volcanics developed in the circum-Pacific tectonic regime. Those of the west are Permo-Carboniferous intermediate/basic volcanic rocks, being island-arc type ones developed in paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime.     

冀中黄骅坳陷古近纪火山岩地球化学特征及大地构造意义

冀中、黄骅坳陷的火山岩主要发育于古近纪的断陷期,分为Ek Es4,Es2 Es3,Es1 Ed三期.火山岩的岩石系列主要为碱性玄武岩系列,古近纪晚期逐渐向拉斑玄武岩过渡;稀土元素特征同大陆裂谷碱性玄武岩的配分模式一致,为轻稀土富集型.通过岩石地球化学特征分析和大地构造讨论,阐释了研究区古近纪火山活动的构造背景和成因机制.     

安徽铜山铜(金)矿床锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素地球化学

安徽池州的铜山岩体是长江中下游地区沿江岩浆岩主带中的含矿岩体之一,其形成年龄及岩石成因尚存在争议。该岩体主要由石英闪长玢岩、石英二长斑岩和花岗闪长岩组成,与铜金矿化关系密切。对铜山矽卡岩型铜(金)矿床的花岗闪长岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素地球化学研究。岩石地球化学及同位素年代学研究结果表明:花岗闪长岩侵入年龄为(146.3±3.2)Ma,形成于早白垩世;锆石εHf(t)值平均为-5.23,说明铜山侵入岩具有壳幔混合的岩浆岩源区性质;锆石的二阶段Hf模式年龄分布在1 184.51~1 422.72Ma之间,说明岩浆源区与皖南地区出露的中元古代基底有密切关系。构造判别图解显示,铜山岩体属火山弧花岗岩,与长江中下游铜金矿床含矿岩体形成于同一构造背景下,据此推测铜山地区大地构造背景形成于与古太平洋板块俯冲密切相关的大陆边缘岩浆弧环境。     

额尔古纳地区中生代火山岩形成环境的研究

额尔古纳地区中生代火山活动强烈，其主要的活动期间为晚侏罗世至早白垩世（１５０～１００Ｍａ）。根据新的岩石化学、稀土、微量元素、稳定同位素、构造等方面的分析结果得出以下认识：１．该区中生代火山岩来源较深，具幔源特征，岩浆形成在总体呈挤压背景的环境中，使得岩浆在演化过程中混入了大量的壳源物质；２．中生代火山岩大致分两个亚旋回，其中塔木兰沟组（Ｊ３ｔ）火山岩和上库力组（Ｋ１ｓ）火山岩是同一岩浆亚旋回的产物。     

南秦岭碧口群岩石组合特征及其构造意义

碧口群是扬子板块西北缘中晚元古代古海沟—岛弧体系的重要组成部分。岩石组合、岩石化学及稀土元素特征研究表明,其下部为蛇绿岩组合,以大洋E型拉斑玄武岩为特征,代表古俯冲杂岩;上部为重力流沉积组合,以火山质碎屑浊积岩及陆源碎屑浊积岩为特征,类似于海沟型复理石组合,代表古海沟堆积。同时构造变形及变质作用特征表明,在蛇绿岩分布区发育有大型韧性剪切带和高压低温变质的蓝闪片岩。由此可见碧口群属于中晚元古代扬子板块西北缘的古海沟—俯冲地体。