湘南下泥盆统源口组孢子组合及其地层意义

通过湖南南部下泥盆统源口组孢子研究,确定源口组为早泥盆世西根阶(Siegenian)。本文图示源口组孢子22属,44种和变种,其中新种3个,即Apiculiretusisporahunanensis,Amocosporites hunanensis和Apiculatasporites yuankouensis。源口组孢子组合可与云南曲靖下泥盆统翠峰山群上部桂家屯组、四川龙门山下泥盆统平驿铺群上部关山坡组和广西横县六景下泥盆统纳高岭组孢子组合比较,亦可与西欧、北美早泥盆世四根阶孢子带对比。源口组孢子组合研究不仅有重要的地层和古生物意义,而且对沉积环境和古地理研究也有重要意义。     

Orientospirifer正在四川龙门山谢家湾组的发现

Ｏｒｉｅｎｔｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒ正在四川龙门山谢家湾组的发现Ｏｒｉｅｎｔｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒ一属系侯鸿飞、鲜思远（１９７５）创立，其模式种产于广西下泥盆统那高岭组。该属是我国华南早泥盆世的一个土著分子，包含有Ｏｒｉｅｎｔｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒｎａｋａｏｌｉｎ...     

介绍一个新的地层单位——二台子组

<正> 在近年通用的四川龙门山泥盆系分类表中,养马坝组的下伏地层为谢家湾组,并将养马坝组与谢家湾组,分别和广西象州地区的应堂组、四排组对比。事实上,四川龙门山区原养马坝组,不仅包含相当广西象州地区应堂组的地层,而且还包含了该地区四排组上部的一段地层,故谢家湾组与四排组并不完全相当。为了便于对比和研究华南下、中泥盆统     

四川省北川县永利村下泥盆统甘溪组谢家湾段的研究

在野外和室内工作的基础上,结合前人研究成果,对四川龙门山区北川县下泥盆统永利村谢家湾剖面进行了岩石地层、生物地层、层序地层及年代地层的多重地层划分,认为:1)研究剖面定为甘溪组谢家湾段较为合理;2)根据化石特征自下而上建立了Euryspirifer延限带和Otospirifer富集带;3)研究剖面属于典型的Ⅱ型沉积层序,由陆架边缘体系域、海侵体系域和早期、晚期高位体系域组成;4)研究剖面应属埃姆斯阶下部的中上部分,并可与广西、贵州相当地层进行对比。     

灌县九甸坪上古生界地层剖面及岩石地层单位的划分

四川灌县九甸坪剖面横切龙门山的懒板凳飞来峰。文章根据岩石特征，古生物特征对该剖面进行了岩石地层单位的划分，从中识别出下泥盆统甘溪组，上泥盆统茅坝组及下石炭统总长沟组，并与邻区相应地层进行了对比。     

天全龙门下泥盆统的划分及填图单位的确定

天全龙门下泥盆统按岩性特征被分为平驿铺组和甘溪组，从甘溪组中识别出两个腕足化石带：延限带和组合带。文章还交其与北川甘溪下泥盆统进行了对比。     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗西山巴润特花组孢型化石及其时代

本文首次报道内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗西山下泥盆统巴润特花组底部所发现的丰富的孢型石。共发现孢子１８属，３９种，其中新种２个；凝类４属５种，通过孢型化石的研究，确定巴润特花组为早泥盆世早期，相当西欧吉丁阶，并可与中国云南东部，四川龙门山，西秦岭和新疆西准噶尔同时期孢带比较。     

北川甘溪下泥盆统风暴岩沉积特征及其沉积模式

依据风暴沉积野外剖面实测资料,通过对北川下泥盆统甘溪组和谢家湾组风暴沉积野外剖面结构和沉积演化等的研究,建立了该区风暴沉积序列模式及分布模式。北川甘溪下泥盆统广泛发育侵蚀冲刷面、渠模构造、生物介壳滞留沉积、丘状交错层理和生物成因构造等风暴沉积构造,其中发育3类风暴沉积与7类风暴沉积序列。研究区广泛发育的风暴沉积具有良好的古气候和古地理意义,亦为前人提出的扬子板块北移和北川早泥盆世所处的温暖热带-亚热带气候环境提供了一定证据。     

云南武定下奥陶统红石崖组疑源类

本文报道了在云南武定和禄劝交界处,人民桥附近的下奥陶统红石崖组的疑源类(Acritarchs)化石,共发现疑源类23属,40种(包括变种和未定种),其中新种6个。武定下奥陶统红石崖组主要属和种,广泛出现在捷克斯洛伐克的波希米亚,法国和西欧的一些地区早奥陶世Arenigian阶,两者基本上可以比较。根据疑源类的研究表明,武定下奥陶统红石崖组具有地中海疑源类古地理区的许多特征分子,但也兼有波罗的海疑源类古地理区的少数分子,这对于中国奥陶纪疑源类古地理区研究有重要意义。本文还对疑源类与沉积环境的关系进行了讨论。     

四川龙门山地区中泥盆统金宝石组混合沉积特征

四川龙门山地区是中国泥盆系出露较好、研究程度较高的地区。中泥盆统金宝石组发育由碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、混积岩组成的混积沉积。本研究以平武县平驿铺剖面和北川县甘溪剖面为切入点,基于实测资料和薄片观察对金宝石组沉积相开展详细研究,认为龙门山地区中泥盆统金宝石组发育河流、碎屑滨岸、陆棚和碳酸盐岩缓坡4种沉积相,沉积演化经历了2个沉积旋回。金宝石组以相混合和原地混合2种方式形成混合沉积。相对海平面的变化、陆源碎屑的供应、碳酸盐生产速率和古气候是引起相混合的主要控制因素,波浪和风暴浪则是引起陆源碎屑和碳酸盐组分混合沉积的主要作用方式。对金宝石组沉积序列、沉积特征及沉积演化过程的研究,有利于增进对龙门山地区泥盆系沉积古环境的认识。     

安徽南部地区浅变质地层孢子化石的发现及其地质意义

皖南地区广泛分布着溪口群浅变质岩地层,尽管对其进行了大量的研究,但关于地层时代的归属问题仍存在很大争议。在皖南溪口群采集的43件样品中发现较丰富的陆生植物孢子(Spoers)20余属,50余种,其中具有地层意义的孢子有15属25种。这些孢子组合可与中国华南、西南、西北地区及新疆塔里木盆地巴楚地区晚泥盆世晚期孢子带相比较,也可与西欧、东欧和北美地区晚泥盆世法门阶(Famennian)孢子带对比,其时代为晚泥盆世晚期,相当于西欧晚盆世晚期法门阶(Famennian)。     

Late Silurian to Early Devonian Palynomorphs from Qujing, Yunnan, Southwest China

Well-preserved and diversified spores, cryptospores, and acritarchs have been recorded from a relatively continuous sequence that encompasses the Silurian–Devonian boundary in Qujing, Yunnan, southwest China. Four spore assemblage zones from Late Silurian to Early Devonian in age are proposed based on the first appearance datum (FAD) of characteristic spore species. In ascending stratigraphic order, they are Ambitisporites dilutus–Apiculiretusispora synorea (DS; Late Ludfordian to Early Pridoli), Synorisporites verrucatus–Apiculiretusispora plicata (VP; Pridoli), Apiculiretusispora minuta–Leiotriletes ornatus (MO; Lochkovian), and Verrucosisporites polygonalis–Dibolisporites wetteldorfensis (PW; Pragian). The acritarch assemblage from the upper part of the Yulongsi Formation, the Xiaxishancun Formation, and the lower–middle parts of the Xitun Formation indicates an age of Late Silurian. Based on palynological evidence, the upper part of the Yulongsi Formation is considered Late Ludfordian to Early Pridoli in age; the Xiaxishancun Formation is believed to be Pridoli in age; the Xitun Formation is considered Late Pridoli to Early Lochkovian in age; the Guijiatun Formation is considered Lochkovian in age; and the Xujiachong Formation is Late Lochkovian to Pragian in age. The Silurian-Devonian boundary is recognized between the VP and the MO spore biozones, and occurs within the middle part of the Xitun Formation.     

新疆南天山库尔干一带泥盆纪—早石炭世放射虫组合的发现

新疆南天山库尔干南阿尔腾柯斯组硅质岩地层中发现了丰富的保存良好的放射虫化石，共计21属34种，11个未定种，1个未定种属。研究表明，两个样品的放射虫组合时代分别为中-晚泥盆世和早石炭世。中-晚泥盆世放射虫组合的发现，丰富了库车地区泥盆纪放射虫生物群组合，为确定阿尔腾柯斯组的时代奠定了生物化石依据。结合前人对该组生物化石的研究，该组为跨时代岩石地层单元，应予解体。而具有早泥盆世-晚石炭世放射虫硅质岩的深水海相沉积地层为古南天山洋盆的演化过程提供了地层学证据。     

新疆南天山库尔干一带泥盆纪-早石炭世放射虫组合的发现

新疆南天山库尔干南阿尔腾柯斯组硅质岩地层中发现了丰富的保存良好的放射虫化石,共计21属34种,11个未定种,1个未定种属。研究表明,两个样品的放射虫组合时代分别为中—晚泥盆世和早石炭世。中—晚泥盆世放射虫组合的发现,丰富了库车地区泥盆纪放射虫生物群组合,为确定阿尔腾柯斯组的时代奠定了生物化石依据。结合前人对该组生物化石的研究,该组为跨时代岩石地层单元,应予解体。而具有早泥盆世—晚石炭世放射虫硅质岩的深水海相沉积地层为古南天山洋盆的演化过程提供了地层学证据。     

The Early Evolution of the Acanthomorphic Acritarchs in China and Their Biostratigraphical Implication

On the basis of a study of the acanthomorphic acritarchs discovered in the Late Proterozoicto Early Cambrian Meishucunian Stage in different regions of China, especially in southernShaanxi and the Yangtze Platform, coupled with a study of the assemblages, morphological cor-relation, microstructure, and evolutional relations of the acanthorphic acritarchs, as well as awide correlation with those found in different regions of the world, the authors discuss the earlyevolutionary stages of the acanthomorphs, features of their assemblages in various stages, theirbiostratigraphical significance, and their evolutionary trend in China.     

苏北洪泽凹陷古近系生物地层研究

洪泽凹陷古近系地层发育齐全 ,介形虫、轮藻、孢粉化石丰富 ,根据其属种分布规律 ,建立了 E1 f— E2 s的 12个化石组合序列 ,论述了各门类化石组合特征及对比关系。在此基础上 ,结合岩、电性对比 ,确立了顺河次凹和管镇次凹综合柱状图、地层对比图以及可用于凹陷内地层对比的 7个岩电性特征段。得出本区古近系除三垛运动和吴堡运动造成不整合或假整合外 ,其余组、段间皆为整合接触的结论     

新疆哈密地区早泥盆世珊瑚动物群及其地质意义

新疆哈密地区下泥盆统发育,南部图拉尔根地区下泥盆统为大南湖组,北部三道白杨沟地区为卓木巴斯套组。在大南湖组中共发现四射珊瑚2属5种,床板珊瑚7属12种,并建立四射珊瑚组合Syringaxon moriense和床板珊瑚组合Pseudofavosites giganteus;在卓木巴斯套组共发现四射珊瑚5属7种,床板珊瑚2属2种,并建立四射珊瑚组合Orthopaterophyllum junggarense和床板珊瑚组合Pachyfavosites junggarensis。通过珊瑚在地层中的分布及组合的时代对比,确定前者的时代为早泥盆世埃姆斯期早期,后者的时代为埃姆斯期中晚期。通过与国内外典型的早泥盆世埃姆斯期珊瑚动物群的对比,认为哈密地区的珊瑚动物具有典型的早泥盆世温带动物群特征,在生物古地理区系上属于北方大区准噶尔-兴安省。     

云南西部施甸泥盆纪疑缘类及其古环境

云南西部施甸泥盆纪疑缘类研究对重建该地区泥盆纪古地理和沉积环境有十分重要的意义。首次报道了云南西部保山地区施甸泥盆纪疑缘类21属35种。根据疑缘类特征及其在地层中的分布和演化规律,自下而上可以划分2个疑缘类组合带: 相当施甸何元寨剖面的西边塘组上部泥岩段的疑缘类组合带; 马鹿塘疑缘类组合带。该区的疑缘类可与国内外同时代的疑缘类比较。微古植物（疑缘类）和孢子含量的比例关系及其特征性的属种证明,西边塘组属正常浅海沉积,马鹿塘组较西边塘组略深,为陆棚浅海沉积。     

Palynostratigraphy and the assessment of gas and oil generation and accumulations in the Lower Paleozoic, Western Iraq

Palynological and organic geochemical analysis are performed in this study for 220 samples of cores and cuttings collected from the Ordovician Khabour, Silurian Akkas, and Upper Devonian Kaista Formations in wells Akkas/1-6, Khleisya/1, KH5/6, and KH5/1 of West Iraq. Their diagnostic organic matters are abundant acritarchs (134 species belonging to 54 genera, including marine algae of Tasmanites, Deflandstrum, and brazinophytes) and a few spores (21 species belonging to 16 genera) and Chitinozoa (43 species belonging to 12 genera) as well as scolecodonts, graptolite siculae, cuticles, and amorphous organic matters. On the basis of acritarchs with tentative selections of Chitinozoa and spores, this succession is subdivided into ten palynozones (PZ1–PZ10) within a stratigraphic framework and correlated with equivalent strata in Saudi Arabia and Libya. Beds of the Khabour and lower part of Akkas Formations were deposited in anoxic–dysoxic marine shelf environments northern Gondwana Continent with provincial acritarchs. These deposits were extending from outer to inner neritic with affects of local upwelling currents and lagoons, especially in boreholes Akkas/1, KH5/1, and KH5/6. Hydrocarbon generations potential are assessed by plotting organic matter types in palynofacies context of Bujaks (1970) graphical model with depths along with log of thermal maturation indices on the basis of the color changes of the acritarchs Diexallophasis denticulata–Orthosphaeridium ternatus and Baltisphaeridium constrictum as well as kerogen types and total organic carbon (TOC). These organic matters are up to 16% TOC, especially for the hot shale of the Lower Silurian Akkaz Formation, very low asphalting and sulfur, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons of more than 96%, and high peaks of C2–C20 gas chromatography that could indicate predominant gas generation with some light oils. The associated gases are mainly methane and ethane of CH₄, C₂H₆, and C₃H₈. Accordingly, source potential for wet gas and condensates could be assessed for depth of 2,750–3,000 m and dry gas for depth of 3,570–3,650 m in well Akkas-1 only from the Ordovician Kabour Formation. Little oil might be generated from the lower Silurian Akkas formation in borehole Akkas-1 and KH5/6. These potential source rocks are extended toward Jordon, southwest Iraqi Desert and Syria. Accumulation sites of these generated gas and little oil could be within the sandstone porosities of 10–17% and permeability of 500 mD sealed by the non permeable shale's along closures of the structured anticline fold and fault of this field as well as along the unconformity boundary of the Upper Silurian Akkas Formation with the Upper Devonian Kaista Formation. Accordingly, Lower Paleozoic total petroleum system of generation, migration, and accumulations could be assessed for a basin includes West Iraq and their extensions in Jordon and Syria.