基于三维克立格方法的可视化储量估算

金属矿体在地下空间的变化性非常大,难以直接观测,对其精细的三维形态表征和刻画一直是科学计算可视化和空间(地质)统计学的研究热点和难点之一。三维空间的复杂性使得克立格储量估算具有极大的不确定性和经验性,利用三维可视化能够直观地反映变异性分析及储量估算结果,提高估算准确性与合理性。针对各向异性套合与储量估算,提出基于三维克立格方法的可视化储量估算：首先利用三维CAD技术构建算法底层对象;然后采用可视化方式改进变异性分析,并提出基于Hamilton四元数法的各向异性套合改进算法;最后采用克立格法估计储量,并依据可视化结果对某些误差较大的决策方案进行修改,提高克立格计算的准确性和客观性。使用克立格可视化储量估算方法对新疆阿舍勒铜矿床和西藏甲玛铜矿床进行储量估算实验。实验结果表明,变异性计算结果符合实际勘探情况,储量估算误差为5%～10%,储量估算结果可信,克立格可视化储量估算方法有效。     

基于三维克立格方法的可视化储量估算

金属矿体在地下空间的变化性非常大,难以直接观测,对其精细的三维形态表征和刻画一直是科学计算可视化和空间(地质)统计学的研究热点和难点之一。三维空间的复杂性使得克立格储量估算具有极大的不确定性和经验性,利用三维可视化能够直观地反映变异性分析及储量估算结果,提高估算准确性与合理性。针对各向异性套合与储量估算,提出基于三维克立格方法的可视化储量估算：首先利用三维CAD技术构建算法底层对象;然后采用可视化方式改进变异性分析,并提出基于Hamilton四元数法的各向异性套合改进算法;最后采用克立格法估计储量,并依据可视化结果对某些误差较大的决策方案进行修改,提高克立格计算的准确性和客观性。使用克立格可视化储量估算方法对新疆阿舍勒铜矿床和西藏甲玛铜矿床进行储量估算实验。实验结果表明,变异性计算结果符合实际勘探情况,储量估算误差为5%～10%,储量估算结果可信,克立格可视化储量估算方法有效。     

微机矿产储量计算

用地质统计学（也称克立格法）的方法，在微机上进行矿产储量计算，依据矿床或矿体的地质条件，研究块段矿化空间结构的变化规律，选择代表矿体的矿化规律的参数作为区域化变量进行变异函数的计算和结构分析，建立理论模型进行矿产储量估算。应用克立格法对广东白石嶂细脉型钼矿床各块段进行了储量评估，取得了满意的效果。     

基于Windows克立格算法的可视化编程与应用

随着信息社会的发展,克立格法已被广泛应用于矿产储量计算,物探、化探、遥感地质数据处理,环境科学、水文地质、农林科学和农田水利等诸多方面.文章综合分析克立格各种计算方法,对克立格复杂计算过程进行模块分解,基于Windows编写了克立格算法流程图并在Visual C 6.0平台上实现可视化编程,并对二维普通克立格算法的优化进行了有益的探索.     

协同克立格法及其在矿产储量计算中的应用

协同克立格法是多元地质统计学的主要方法，该法能分利用多元信息，有效地提出块段（块体）平均品位及矿产储量估计的精度，介绍了协同区域化理论和协同克立构法及其在我国某优质锰矿床储量计算的实例。     

时空多元协同克立格的理论研究

本文结合地质统计学的最新成果,在空间协同区域化理论的基础上,对时空域中多元信息的协同克立格（ＳＴＣＯＫ）理论进行了较为详细的研究。主要研究内容有：（１）ＳＴＣＯＫ中的互变异函数与互协方差函数;（２）ＳＴＣＯＫ方程组及求解估值权因子的三种方法：①传统普通协同克立格法（ＳＴＴＯＣＯＫ）,②标准普通协同克立格法（ＳＴＳＯＣＯＫ）,③简单协同克立格法（ＳＴＳＣＯＫ）;（３）排列协同克立格（ＳＴＣＯＬＣＯＫ）;（４）指示协同克立格（ＳＴＩＫＣＯＫ）。     

克立格算法的若干思考

克立格法是一种最优、线性(或非线性)、无偏内插估计量的方法.随着信息社会的发展,克立格法的应用范围越来越广.文中介绍了克立格法相关的计算方法,并基于Windows编写克立格算法流程图,提出改进克立格算法的若干方法,包括:①强化数据预处理;②将基本滞后距和实验变差函数计算结合起来一并运算;③防止数据溢出;④选择快速有效算法求解克立格方程组.     

应用克立格法计算铀矿储量的研究

本文探讨了用克立格法计算铀矿储量的理论和方法。建立了从γ测井原始数据开始,经计算机处理到运用克立格法进行储量计算的一整套适合于铀矿储量计算特点的实施方案;编制了两套适用于国产709电子计算机的程序系统;提供了Ⅰ号矿床储量计算的详细实例。     

地质统计学在羊拉铜矿储量计算中的应用

本文以云南德钦羊拉铜矿床为例, 借助Surpac矿业软件建立了矿床地质数据库, 并运用地质统计学的方法, 通过分析羊拉5号矿体铜品位分布规律, 计算出了厚度、倾向、走向3个方向的实验变异函数, 并进行了理论变异函数的曲线拟合, 确立了矿床的数学模型。在此基础上运用克立格法和距离平方反比法分别进行了储量计算, 再结合传统的块段法计算出的储量, 将三者进行对比分析, 探讨了三种方法的影响因素及其产生误差的根本原因, 最后认为运用克立格法计算储量具有先进性和使用性。文章还分析了铜矿体的品位－吨位曲线图, 为矿山合理确定经济品位和吨位提供了可靠的理论依据。     

克立格法在鹿厂铜矿的应用

在鹿厂铜矿补勘的过程中,遇到一些问题,传统地质学方法难以解决。我们应用克立格法,对解决这些问题进行了尝试。主要是运用半变异函数,讨论钻孔的网度,即利用变程定量地确定同度的合理间距。同时运用二维点克立格法,求矿层的金属量储量。从而为传统储量计算提供了一个有力的旁证。为了讲清解决问题的依据,简单介绍了有关的概念和思路。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of