OpenGL在城市三维建模与可视化方面若干问题的讨论

本文以城市地下管网的三维实现为着眼点,通过OpenGL三维图形标准技术实现了城市地下管网在三维环境下的重建,使得拥有三维模块之后的地下管网信息系统更加直观生动。     

三维排水管网组成要素的模型设计

介绍了三维图形标准O penG L的功能,建立了可以快速实现的管网模型,并在实际水务系统中成功应用。借助排水管网三维可视化图形显示,可以使水务工作者直观的看到排水管网的分布、相互之间的关系,从而准确的进行分析。     

广州市供水管网地理信息系统数据标准的研究与编制

为规范广州市范围内供水管网GIS的空间数据库的内容、数据库结构、数据交换格式,促进全市范围内的供水管网数据共享,有必要制定地方供水GIS数据标准。针对供水GIS数据标准的研究,从标准制定的指标、空间数据库组织、要素的分类及编码设计、数据字典、数据交换内容与格式、数据采集技术规程几个方面阐述数据标准制定的具体内容。     

省级地下管网安全运行监管平台建设

通过对当前地下管网现状的探讨,提出一种省级地下管网监督平台的建设方案。该方案从数据标准、数据管理、数据应用、技术路线进行研究,并以湖北省地下管网监督平台为案例进行探讨,旨在为各省监管平台的建设提供参考思路。     

基于SuperMap城市三维综合管网信息系统设计

城市地下管线是城市的生命线,为实现复杂地下综合管网数据的有效、直观管理和利用,建立以SuperMap为基础平台的城市三维综合管网信息系统。该系统以城市地下管线探测技术规程为参考标准,实现了以三维倾斜摄影数据为基础场景,涵盖燃气、电力、排水等八类管网数据的综合信息管理,功能涉及管网数据的导入导出转换、管网数据的编辑修改、查询统计、二维管网与三维管网一体化更新以及三维场景的分析及利用等。     

中小型城市地下管线二次普查关键问题探讨

针对目前大多数城市地下管线首次普查存在管理效率低及更新不及时等问题,提出地下管线二次普查关键性技术问题,给出标准制定与扩展、管线普查项目办组建、已有数据收集与利用、原有数据重利用、信息系统建设与利用以及管网数据共享与交换六个阶段关键问题,提出一套适合管线普查、建库、质检、应用全方面的标准、由业主单位牵头其他各单位辅助成立专门工作组或项目办、充分收集并利用已有资料、处理原有管线数据实现高效利用、加强信息化系统建设、与城市已建共享与交换平台实现共享与交换等关键方法,有效辅助地下管网二次普查开展,避免出现首次普查问题,形成管网长期有效运行机制,促进城市地下管网高效有序管理,为今后中小型城市地下管线普查提供有效借鉴。     

供热管网空间数据模型研究

介绍了供热管网的特殊性和供热管网空间数据模型的研究现状。针对供热管网数据的特点,在阐述地理网络模型的5个基本组成元素的基础上,引入供热网络的连通性规则,定义了管线和管网节点之间的复杂连接关系。再综合考虑供热管网中存在一次管网和二次管网、整个供热管网又可分为供水管网和回水管网等的特点,构建出一种有效的供热管网数据模型。最后,将构建出的数据模型成功应用于供热地理信息管理平台系统中,分别实现了对供热管网供水管网和回水管网的爆管分析,对供热管网的维护管理有重要意义。     

基于GIS的供水管网管理与服务系统

现有的大多数管网信息系统仅仅局限于管网信息管理或者是管网信息服务,同时管网的三维可视化能力较弱。为了实现管网信息的综合管理和服务,作者提出一个基于C/S与B/S相结合的供水管网管理与服务的计算机应用解决方案,该方案以组件式G IS实现管网信息管理,以W ebG IS实现管网信息服务,同时基于Java3D实现管网信息的三维浏览和信息查询,实现了管网信息的综合管理和服务。本文以某园区供水管网管理与服务系统的建设为例,对系统的结构与功能,数据库设计、空间数据组织以及系统开发与集成模式等方面进行了探讨。该系统从应用角度为城市地下管网的管理和服务提供了一个可行的解决方案。     

通化市综合管网信息管理系统的设计与实现

本文主要介绍通化市综合管网信息管理系统的设计、建设及应用情况。通化市综合管网信息管理系统利用先进的G IS技术、数据库技术以及计算机网络技术,实现了管网空间数据与管网专业信息一体化的管理,使管网编辑、管网信息查询、统计分析和紧急事故处理等日常业务工作实现自动化、智能化。     

基于B/S与M/S混合架构的排水管网巡查养护WebGIS系统

阐述了B/S（Browser/Server,浏览器/服务器）架构和M/S（Mobile/Server,移动设备/服务器）架构的特点,总结了GIS技术在排水管网管理中的应用。以城市排水管网巡查养护管理工作的需求为基础,介绍了基于B/S与M/S混合架构的城市排水管网巡查养护WebGIS系统的结构设计和功能实现,包含管网巡查、管网养护、管网应急管理等功能。将该系统应用于城市排水管网的运营管理过程,可改善目前排水管网粗放不系统的管理模式,提高城市排水管网巡查养护工作的效率和监管力度。     

On the Hipparcos Link to the ICRF derived from VLA and MERLIN radio astrometry

Positions and proper motions obtained from observations by the very large array (VLA) and the multi-element radio-linked interferometer network (MERLIN) are used to establish the link of the Hipparcos Celestial Reference Frame (HCRF) to the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). The VLA and MERLIN data are apparently the latest ones published in the literature. Their mean epoch at around 2001 is about 10 years after the epoch of the Hipparcos catalogue and, therefore, the data are considered suitable to check the Hipparcos link established at epoch 1991.25. The parameters of the link, i.e., the angles of frame orientation and the angular rates of frame rotation, are estimated by fitting these parameters to the differences of the optical and radio positions and proper motions of stars common to the Hipparcos catalogue and the VLA and MERLIN data. Both the estimates of the angles of orientation and the angular rates of rotation show nearly consistent but insignificant results for all samples of stars treated. We conclude that not only the size of the samples of 9–15 stars is too small, but also that the accuracy of the radio positions and, above all, of the radio proper motions is insufficient, the latter being based on early-epoch star positions of low accuracy. The present observational data at epoch 2001 suggest that maintenance of the Hipparcos frame is not feasible at this stage.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。     

宗地与房产基底图入库系统的设计与开发

从系统总体设计原则、系统的总体结构设计、系统的功能模块组成、模块数据组成关系及各模块流程、开发平台的选择等几个方面探讨宗地与房产基底图入库发布系统的设计和开发。     

GNSS的兼容与互操作初步研究

随着全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的发展,特别是Galileo和QZSS计划的提出,卫星导航领域提出了兼容与互操作的概念,并日益受到重视。增强与已有系统之间的兼容与互操作已经成为GNSS的一种发展趋势,因此,有必要对GNSS的兼容与互操作展开研究。在简述GNSS的兼容与互操作提出背景的基础上,分析了相应概念之间的区别和联系。基于GNSS兼容与互操作的3个关键因素,分别分析了兼容与互操作在空间信号、时间框架、大地坐标框架选取方面的应用体现以及产生的影响。最后提出了目前GNSS兼容与互操作研究可以展开的几个方向。     

SENSOR: a tool for the simulation of hyperspectral remote sensing systems

The consistent end-to-end simulation of airborne and spaceborne earth remote sensing systems is an important task, and sometimes the only way for the adaptation and optimisation of a sensor and its observation conditions, the choice and test of algorithms for data processing, error estimation and the evaluation of the capabilities of the whole sensor system.The presented software simulator SENSOR (Software Environment for the Simulation of Optical Remote sensing systems) includes a full model of the sensor hardware, the observed scene, and the atmosphere in between. The simulator consists of three parts. The first part describes the geometrical relations between scene, sun, and the remote sensing system using a ray-tracing algorithm. The second part of the simulation environment considers the radiometry. It calculates the at-sensor radiance using a pre-calculated multidimensional lookup-table taking the atmospheric influence on the radiation into account. The third part consists of an optical and an electronic sensor model for the generation of digital images. Using SENSOR for an optimisation requires the additional application of task-specific data processing algorithms.The principle of the end-to-end-simulation approach is explained, all relevant concepts of SENSOR are discussed, and first examples of its use are given. The verification of SENSOR is demonstrated. This work is closely related to the Airborne PRISM Experiment (APEX), an airborne imaging spectrometer funded by the European Space Agency.     

用ArcGIS提取古沉积面恢复栅格点的方法

通过地质概念的空间推理，借助ArcGIS平台，实现了古沉积面恢复所需预测数据的提取，提出了一个较国内外其他研究方法更合理的样本提取方法。同时也为在ArcGIS下提取相邻边缘上的栅格提供了一个有效的方法。     

遥感数据成果的分级存储管理

本文在较为全面介绍分级存储技术的基础上,结合国家基础地理信息中心遥感数据存储管理的特点和用户需求,提出了详尽可行的分级存储应用方案,着重对数据迁移和回迁进行了讨论,并分析了方案特点。     

Contribution of multispectral (optical and radar) satellite images to the classification of agricultural surfaces

The monitoring of different crops (cultivated plots) and types of surface (bare soils, etc.) is a crucial economic and environmental issue for the management of resources and human activity. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of multispectral satellite imagery (optical and radar) to land use and land cover classification.Object-oriented supervised classifications, based on a Random Forest algorithm, and majority zoning post-processing are used. This study emerges from the experiment on multi-sensor crop monitoring (MCM'10, Baup et al., 2012) conducted in 2010 on a mixed farming area in the southwest of France, near Toulouse. This experiment enabled the regular and quasi-synchronous collection of multi-sensor satellite data and in situ observations, which are used in this study. 211 plots with contrasting characteristics (different slopes, soil types, aspects, farming practices, shapes and surface areas) were monitored to represent the variability of the study area. They can be grouped into four classes of land cover: 39 grassland areas, 100 plots of wheat, 13 plots of barley, 20 plots of rapeseed, and 2 classes of bare soil: 23 plots of small roughness and 16 plots of medium roughness. Satellite radar images in the X-, C- and L-bands (HH polarization) were acquired between 14 and 18 April 2010. Optical images delivered by Formosat-2 and corresponding field data were acquired on 14 April 2010.The results show that combining images acquired in the L-band (Alos) and the optical range (Formosat-2) improves the classification performance (overall accuracy = 0.85, kappa = 0.81) compared to the use of radar or optical data alone. The results obtained for the various types of land cover show performance levels and confusions related to the phenological stage of the species studied, with the geometry of the cover, the roughness states of the surfaces, etc. Performance is also related to the wavelength and penetration depth of the signal providing the images. Thus, the results show that the quality of the classification often increases with increasing wavelength of the images used.     

GPT和GPT2模型的偏差对定位结果的影响

气象模型GPT和GPT2均可用于获取测站的气压、气温等气象要素,对计算对流层延迟具有重要作用并在高精度的GPS数据分析中被广泛使用。GPT2对GPT模型精度的改进在很多文献中已经得到验证,但是目前没有相关文献对采用这两种模型获得的坐标时间序列的差异进行详尽的分析。本文分别利用气象模型GPT和GPT2处理相同的连续观测站数据,发现气压值偏差的季节性变化导致测站垂向位置偏差也产生季节性变化,是测站垂向位置“伪”年周变化信号的来源之一;同时,模型之间的气压值偏差对垂向位置的影响与测站纬度相关,表现为先验天顶延迟偏差传递进垂向位置偏差的比例随测站纬度增加而增大。     

Monitoring the Deformation of Cableways

One type of aerial cableway consists of a continuous cable,which works at the same time as carrying cable and drawing cable.This kind of cableway is supported by many towers,which divide the total length in linear sections.even small deviations from the planed layout can increase the strain of the cable and the danger of derailments.The deviations of the position of the towers from the planed layout are due to local sliding or sinking of the foundation or other mechanical movements.Up to now the axis of the cableways were periodically measured by traditional methods. The goal of this project is to demonstrate the possibility of measuring the axis of a cableway with GPS techniques,while the cable is moving.The results show that the proposed measuring device provides precise results in a simple and reliable way.