发现4100多年前的超新星遗迹——尧帝景星(PKS 1209-52)

《竹书纪年》记载尧``元年丙子帝即位'', ``四十二年景星见于翼''. 《论衡》记载``尧时景星见于轸''. 这可能是出现在翼宿和轸宿之间的超新星. 由已知的干支纪年推算尧帝四十二年是公元前2164年. 把足够宽的范围\lk($180^\circ\pm23^\circ$)作``翼、轸''之间的过渡区域, 在格林(Green)超新星遗迹表中搜索到20颗超新星, 只有高银纬遗迹PKS 1209-52 (G296.5$+$10.0)符合尧帝景星``状如半月''的亮度和年龄限制, 它是尧帝景星(SN-B.C.2164)的唯一候选体. 依据超新星的表面亮度$\varSigma$与线直径D之间的$\varSigma\propto D^{-\beta     

ICRF与Gaia-CRF参考架特性分析

天体测量学是天文学中最古老的分支之一, 它是天文学的基础, 对天体物理学和大地测量学的许多方面至关重要.天体测量学的核心任务之一就是建立一个高精度天文参考系, 以便利用这样的惯性参照系来描述天体的位置和运动、研究银河系的运动学特征及对同一天体在不同波段的对应体进行位置认证和比较.当前的天文参考系是参照银河系外天体(主要是活动星系核)的位置来定义的, 称为国际天球参考系(ICRS).在实测上, 与之相对应的基本星表为国际天球参考架(ICRF), 它由甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)技术在S/X、K和X/Ka波段的观测资料解算而得, 位置精度达到数十微角秒($\mathrm{\mu as}$)水平.另一方面, Gaia卫星的观测也将在光学波段建立类似精度的光学参考架(Gaia-CRF).ICRF与Gaia-CRF的连接成为天体测量领域需要解决的重大问题之一, 这要求对ICRF与Gaia-CRF参考架特性进行细致深入的分析. 首先, 分析了ICRF的整体特性.VLBI星表的内部符合精度估计值在$\mathrm{10\mu as}$和$\mathrm{40\mu as}$之间, 依赖于射电源的观测次数.这一结果一方面验证了ICRF3星表给出的位置噪声水平, 也说明了VLBI技术在天体测量方面的潜力.利用Gaia的河外源位置为参考, 分析了历代ICRF星表的外部符合精度, 指出ICRF3 X/Ka波段参考架存在约$\mathrm{200\mu as}$的系统误差.最后, 发明了一种评估射电源全天分布均匀性的量化指标并改进了ICRF定义源筛选策略, 结果表明相较于ICRF2而言, 这一方法能将ICRF轴指向稳定性提高2至3倍.这些工作很好地解释并补充了国际上ICRF3工作组的相关结果. 其次, 研究Gaia-CRF的参考架性质.使用了相对于依巴谷参考架的全局旋转和结合银河系动力学分析两种方法来评估Gaia-CRF1的惯性水平, 指出Gaia-CRF1可能存在约$\mathrm{0.3mas\cdot yr^{-1}}$的剩余旋转.对于Gaia-CRF2, 研究了其系统精度与河外源样本极限星等的依赖关系, 发现Gaia-CRF2的整体精度几乎不受星等差的影响.这一结果可作为未来ICRF与Gaia-CRF连接源选择的参考. 活动星系核的光学-射电位置差是影响参考架连接精度的重要因素之一.本文首次将光学-射电位置差研究延伸到K和Ka波段, 并研究其与河外源性质参数的相关性, 发现: 光学-射电位置差与星等的相关性是由于星等差而非真实的物理原因造成的, 因此在前人工作中被忽略的暗源也有可能作为ICRF与Gaia-CRF连接源.此外, 本文提出了一种新的参考架连接方法, 即在Gaia-CRF2框架下重新处理VLBI的历史观测资料.先期结果发现使用Gaia-CRF2来替代ICRF3尚不足以显著提高VLBI产品的精度, 但未来在Gaia-CRF参考架精度进一步提高后, 此方法仍值得进一步检验. 本文的研究, 一方面指出了ICRF与Gaia-CRF参考架中可能存在的种种问题, 另一方面也为将来光学与射电参考架连接提供了第一手的参考资料.     

NGC 3603星团中的大质量逃逸双星

非团环境中的大质量恒星以及大质量双星的起源是理解大质量恒星形成和演化的关键问题之一. 年轻大质量星团内的动力学交会过程是产生大质量逃逸星的重要途径之一. 选取了银河系内年轻大质量星团NGC 3603外围的两个碰撞星风系统候选体MTT68A和MTT71作为研究对象, 通过分析\emphChandra X射线观测以及\emphGaia第2批数据发布(DR2)中的天体测量结果, 研究它们作为相互作用的大质量双星系统的起源. X射线数据的分析表明, 它们的X射线能谱中存在Fe XXV发射线成分; 相较于普通O型星, 以双温等离子体模型拟合得到偏高的高温成分温度($\gtrsim$2.0keV), 并且X射线光度与热光度的比值也较高($\gtrsim10^{-5.8     

基于无量纲的轨道参数开展卫星性质统计研究

目前已发现了285颗围绕太阳系八大行星公转的卫星, 它们的轨道和物理性质呈现了丰富多样性. 目前为止, 几乎所有的卫星研究工作都基于单个卫星系统或者卫星群, 似乎缺少统一的研究. 提出了一个新的与行星性质无关、只与恒星半径有关的轨道参数n, 定义为以太阳半径为单位的轨道半长轴的自然对数. 不同行星的卫星的n值都存在双极分布, 绝大部分卫星在$n\gtrsim2$区间, 其次在$n\lesssim-1$区间, 位于中间区域的行星则很少. 从卫星物理参数和轨道参数与n的关系中发现, 分属六大行星的卫星有明显的共同特征. 首先, 轨道偏心率和轨道倾角偏大的卫星的n值都在3.5左右, 它们都是巨行星的不规则卫星. 其次, n值在-1和1之间的卫星绝大部分体积大、质量大、反照率高、自转速度慢. 从文献中找到11颗系外卫星候选体, 获得了它们轨道n值和卫星质量, 发现后者也是在-1< n< 1区间最大,其他区间偏小.这些统一的 规律暗示,太阳系内不同行星的卫星形成机制以及太阳系外卫星的形成机制可能一样或类似.     

探测到气体的碎片盘统计研究

碎片盘通常被描述为贫气盘, 其气尘比显著低于原行星盘, 因此很少在碎片盘中探测到气体. 得益于各种灵敏的望远镜, 探测到气体的碎片盘的数量正在不断增加, 寻找更多的含有气体的碎片盘成为碎片盘研究的重点课题. 然而大范围的搜寻非常耗时且低效, 因而为了更快更好地遴选探测的目标, 需要根据这类源的特性择选更小范围样本. 通过统计探测到气体的碎片盘及其宿主恒星的参数总结出这些源的总体特性. 为此搜集了已经发表的探测到气体的碎片盘的文献, 总计找到37个源, 包括探测到CO等冷气体的12个源、CaII等热气体的14个源以及冷热气体共存的11个源. 通过统计其宿主恒星的光谱类型、年龄、离地球距离和碎片盘的相对光度、气体质量、尘埃质量等信息, 得出了主要结论: 宿主恒星多为B型和A型恒星, 年龄大部分都小于50Myr, 相对光度分布相比于已知碎片盘更为集中, 在$10^{ - 5     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.