右江流域"2001.7"暴雨洪水分析

2001年7月2～9日，右江流域连降暴雨，致使该流域发生了有水文资料记载以来的最大洪水，为历史所罕见。对右江流域本次暴雨的成因、暴雨时空分布、洪水形成及洪水特性进行了分析，以掌握该流域暴雨洪水特性变化规律。     

广东省中部"97·5"特大暴雨洪水分析

分析了1997年5月8日发生在广东省中部的特大暴雨的成因以及本次暴雨、洪水的特性，有助于人们对该地区突发性暴雨、洪水的认识，对该地区的经济建设具有借鉴作用。     

云南德宏"2004·720"暴雨洪水分析

2004年7月15～20日，伊洛瓦底江流域大盈江、瑞丽江上游等地区连续普降暴雨，最大3日降雨量428．3mm。本次特大暴雨导致大盈江、龙川江流域水位暴涨。并在德宏州支那、盏西、芒章乡引发了滑坡、泥石流、山洪等洪涝灾害。分析该次暴雨洪水的成因、暴雨特性及洪水特性，有助于掌握和了解该流域暴雨、洪水形成条件和变化规律，为防洪减灾工作提供依据。     

岷河宕昌"2000·5"暴雨洪水分析

2000年5月31日,甘肃省宕昌县境内岷河中上游发生了一场短历时特大暴雨洪水。分析了该次暴雨洪水的雨量、暴雨特性、洪峰流量、洪量、洪水特性及重现期,有助于掌握和了解局地大暴雨洪水的特性,为防灾减灾工作提供依据。     

奎濉河流域"98·8"暴雨洪水分析

1998年8月中旬,奎濉河流域发生了一场暴雨洪水,分析了该场暴雨洪水的暴雨特性、洪水特性及其重现期,有助于对该流域暴雨洪水特点的认识.     

马莲河流域"2003·8"暴雨洪水调查分析

2003年8月25日,马莲河流域普降暴雨,暴雨中心发生了百年一遇特大洪水,流域出口控制站出现了1956年设站以来的第二大洪水,造成了重大的洪涝灾害.通过暴雨洪水调查,分析了本次暴雨洪水特性,为研究该流域暴雨洪水灾害及防治对策提供科学依据.     

陕南"2002·6"暴雨洪水分析

2002年6月8-9日，陕西省南部突降特大暴雨，致使子午河、旬河发生了特大洪水。分析了本次特大暴雨洪水的特性及洪灾成因，提出了关于防御局地暴雨洪水的几点建议。     

湟源地区“2010·07”暴雨洪水调查分析

2010年7月6日青海湟源地区普降暴雨,暴雨中心山根地区发生了200年一遇特大暴雨,湟源县董家庄水文站出现了200年一遇的特大洪水,造成了重大的洪涝灾害。本文通过这次暴雨洪水调查情况,对"2010·07"暴雨洪水特性进行了分析,以便为研究该地区暴雨洪水灾害及防治对策提供科学依据。     

温德河流域“2010·07”暴雨洪水分析

2010年7月27～28日,第二松花江支流温德河流域普降特大暴雨,致使温德河干流发生了350年一遇超历史纪录的特大洪水。依据实测资料和暴雨洪水调查成果,分析了此次暴雨洪水的特性,以及水利工程在抵御洪水中的作用,并与历史最大暴雨、最大洪水进行了对比分析,为该流域暴雨洪水灾害及防治对策研究积累了经验。     

德宏州芒市2014年“7·21”暴雨洪灾分析

2014年7月受第九号超强台风"威马逊"残余云系影响,德宏州各县市普遍遭到暴雨袭击,伊洛瓦底江和怒江流域发生了特大暴雨洪水,特别严重的是21日6:00,芒市芒海镇发生特大山洪、滑坡、泥石流灾害。分析本次暴雨洪水的雨量、暴雨特性及灾害特征,有助于掌握和了解该地区暴雨洪水的特性,为防洪减灾、防御自然灾害[1]提供依据。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。