天山地区地貌系统的自仿射分形与多重分形特征研究

利用标准偏差法和固定质量法，研究了新疆天山地区跨越多个不同构造地貌单元的两条地形剖线的自仿射分形和多重分形特征。结果表明：在所研究的标度范围内，两条剖线均表现出了不同特征的多度域分形性质，多重分形谱Dq的形态和值域范围也呈现出不同特征研究认为，地貌形态并不是完全随机的，而是一种确定性随机，不同标度区间的分维值表征了内外营力作用的方式，强度和空间尺度，同时提出地貌宏观与微观作用尺度的分界点在5km左右。这些结果对地貌动力学定量研究具有重要意义。     

新疆天山地区地貌分形与多重分形特征研究

利用投影覆盖法和投影覆盖概率对新疆天山地区不同构造地貌类型进行了分形与多重分形特征的研究。结果表明：在所研究的标度范围内，不同地貌区均表现出明显的多度域分形，分维值总体上呈现出高山区＞中低山区＞盆地区特点，多重分形谱Dq的形态和值域范围也表现出不同特征。研究认为，地貌表面的分维值与地貌形成的内外力地质作用方式和强度密切相关，并提出5-6km的尺度可作为地貌学研究中宏观与微观作用的分界点。     

改良的数字化测图新方法

阐述了在地形复杂、地貌破碎、作业组较多时一种改良的数字化测图新方法的作业流程。该方法发挥了数字化测图的高精度高效率和模拟法测图善于处理勾绘复杂地貌等高线的长处，为针对不同情况制定合适的测图作业方案增加了一种选择。     

南海东部几种典型海底地貌特征的研究与认识

近年在南海东部80~1500 m水深区进行了许多场址的工程物探调查项目,基于对这些项目侧扫声呐地貌资料的解释和研究,本文对研究区内的几种典型地貌特征进行了梳理和分析.研究区内海底地貌特征分布广泛、种类众多,其中常见的底质异常、沙波、海底光缆、硬质海底、崎岖地形与滑坡、断层等是研究区内具有代表性的典型地貌特征.本文目的是通过研究不同区块、不同类型的地貌特征,提高对海底地貌特征的认识,分析其对于海底工程活动可能存在的潜在危害和影响,有效提升地貌资料研究评价的准确性和可靠性,为以后在类似区域进行海底灾害地质研究提供参考和借鉴.     

大震前地震活动标度不变性的特征变化

近年来,大震前地震活动标度不变性的特征变化研究引起了人们的极大关注。然而,由于不同地区的地震活动特点不同,要获得这种特征变化并不容易。本文首先介绍了这方面研究的重要进展,这些进展对地震预报和地震活动性的研究者来说有很大的参考价值。其次,讨论了几种标度不变性方法(局域标度特性、多重分形谱、Hurst指数分析和分形维数方法)的优缺点。最后,提出了有关该研究的建设性建议:当人们试图通过标度不变性方法获取大震前的前兆信息或地震活动分形特征时,需要考虑方法的优缺点以提高地震预报效能,否则地震预报效能会大大降低。     

地震活动多标度分形特征及预报应用

探讨了多标度分形在刻划复杂系统方面的优越性,研究了江苏及邻区1970年以来的5.5级以上地震的多标度分形特征,着重研究了地震前后多标度分形的广义维数谱和奇异性谱.研究结果表明:所有震例的广义维数谱和奇异性谱均经历了远离地震时、异常出现时和异常消失时的三个特征变化阶段;异常出现的时间在震前半年至一年半内;多数震例异常在震前几个月内回返恢复,少数在震后数个月内恢复.上述结果说明利用地震时序的多标度分形特征对于该地区的半年至一年尺度的中强地震预报是有意义的.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙运动若干特征观测研究

以塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线为研究区, 选取复合沙垄、新月形沙丘和平沙地三种典型风沙地貌为床面, 通过实地观测与分析, 研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙流结构及其输沙强度等风沙运动特征. 横向沙丘链、纵向沙垄及平沙地上风沙流输沙量的对数与高度之间表现为线性关系, 即风沙流输沙量百分数随高度增加呈指数函数递减, 10 cm高度内输沙量占观测高度(40 cm)内总输沙量的80% ~ 95%, 20 cm高度内输沙量占总沙量98%以上. 不同地貌类型和地貌部位, 输沙率差异甚大. 并根据对风沙地貌成因、形态类型与分布特征的调查分析, 将复合横向沙丘链-冲积平原与高大复合纵向沙垄-垄间低地两种塔克拉玛干沙漠典型地貌组合的风沙流运动划分为若干状态特征带, 由工程设施所处地形与地貌部位, 可定性判断风沙危害类型与强度, 进而确定防治方案和措施.     

基于分形理论的地裂缝成因机制研究.

依据分形理论分析了清徐境内交城断裂带、地裂缝以及地貌的分形结构特征.同时根据分析结果讨论了地裂缝、断裂以及地貌之间的内在联系,并对清徐地裂缝的成因机制进行了研究.     

小波多尺度分解的振幅谱分维算法油气预测

本文结合小波变换理论和分形分维理论,利用小波变换的多尺度分解对地震资料进行分解,选取不同尺度的信息,计算其振幅谱分维数;根据含油气井的振幅谱确定能够反映油气异常信息的标度不变区,在该标度不变区内求分形维数,分维数值越大,说明含油气的可能性越大,据此预测储层的含油气性.实践表明,多尺度分形分维技术能够较准确地反映由地震波...     

标度变换法计算分维的研究：简单分形计算中基本问题的思考之一

用标度变换法计算分形维数时,即使对理想的自相似结构,公式N(ε)=ε~(-D)也不是对所有的测量标度ε都成立,仅在ε取α~n的特征尺度时才严格成立。这里α为分形集的相似比,而当ε→0时,该式可近似成立。分析有限嵌套自相似结构模型得到一系列重要的结论。双对数回归直线计算分维在理论上是不正确的,可用修正公式直接计算,但问题仍未解决。看来标度变换法能否有效地解决简单分形维数的计算,还要进一步研究。     

台湾地区地震的空间关联维特征与构造环境研究

采用关联维方法对台湾地区地震活动的空间特征进行了研究。先利用 10 0a来台湾的地震目录计算各个地震区、带的关联维数 ,将地震空间分布的分形特征定量表达出来 ,然后综合分析地震空间分布的关联维数和孕震构造环境之间的关系 ,得出了以下结论 :1)台湾东、西部地震区由于地震属于不同的大地构造单元 ,因此关联维数有较大的差异 ;2 )在各地震区内部的各个地震带由于板块构造、地壳结构、活断层分布上的差异 ,而具有与其构造特征相对应的关联维数 ;3)各地震带内部的各个不同的部位又由于不同的构造应力场 ,而导致地震分布上出现不同的丛集性 ,表现为不同的关联维数。这些结论充分说明通过关联维分析所得到的地震活动的空间图像与地震活动所代表的不同地质构造背景有着良好的对应关系     

The fractal properties of topography as controlled by the interactions of tectonic,lithological, and geomorphological processes

Landscape topography widely exhibits fractal structure. Because of the complexity of relief geometry this structure is not homogeneous in space, and the study of its spatial characteristics represents a powerful method for investigating the interrelationships between landforms and underlying processes. We explore these interrelationships using the digital elevation model (DEM) of an area located in central Italy, where landscape topography is strongly linked to its geological evolution, being characterized by alternating intermountain basins and mountain ranges trending NW–SE. A modified version of the method based on the standard deviation of relief elevations is used to evaluate the fractal parameters of relief after tiling the DEM in spatial units characterized by homogeneous fractal geometry, and statistical methods in conjunction with spatial analysis techniques are applied to the resulting terrain datasets. Both the lowest and (to a lesser extent) the highest values of fractal dimension are found to follow the ridge‐and‐valley trend. Low fractal dimension is observed in the mountain ranges characterized by massive strata of limestone, and along the fault scarps defining the contact between the intermountain basins and the surrounding slopes, where sediment deposition prevails. High fractal dimension is observed in regions characterized by highly erodible terrigenous lithology, and in areas where tectonic activity favors erosional processes mainly by rivers. The analysis of the (fractal) power law parameters also suggests that each major lithological complex has its own characteristic fractal signature. These results provide new insights into the link between the fractal properties of topography and the tectonic, lithological, and geomorphological features of the area, and show that the analysis approach proposed is useful to depict key aspects about the geomorphological and geological setting of an area, using only a DEM. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fractal analysis of 2-D fracture networks of geothermal reservoirs in south-western Turkey

Natural fracture patterns of producing geothermal formations in south-western Turkey are mapped at different scales. The fractal dimensions of different fracture network properties, such as spatial distribution, density, connectivity, orientation, and length are measured by different methods. Analysis of the natural fracture patterns from giga to microscales identifies the descending behavior of box-counting fractal dimension with respect to the scale. It is observed that the fracture networks represent scale-invariant properties, but fractal dimensions might notably differ when the mass dimension is measured applying different methods. Anisotropic nature of fracture networks is also included in the fractal analysis.     

Monte Carlo Studies of Relations between Fractal Dimensions in Monofractal Data Sets

—Within the fractal approach to studying the distribution of seismic event locations, different fractal dimension definitions and estimation algorithms are in use. Although one expects that for the same data set, values of different dimensions will be different, it is usually anticipated that the direction of fractal dimension changes among different data sets will be the same for every fractal dimension.¶Mutual relations between the three most popular fractal dimensions, namely the capacity, cluster and correlation dimensions, have been investigated in the present work. The studies were performed on the Monte Carlo generated data sets. The analysis has shown that dependence of the fractal dimensions on epicenter distribution, and relations among the fractal dimensions, are complex and variable. Neither values nor even inequalities among dimension estimates are preserved when different fractal dimensions are used. The correlation and the capacity dimensions seem to be good tools to trace collinear tendencies of eipicenters while the cluster dimension is more appropriate to studying uniform clustering of points.     

地震前兆吸引子的演化特征

用非线性动力学重建相空间的方法对唐山地震前后（１９７１～１９７８年）昌黎地电台和地应力台前兆观测资料分别进行了关联维的计算．结果表明，地电阻率和地应力前兆资料吸引子具有分数维结构，并且发现这两种不同前兆资料的吸引子具有相同的前兆动态变化特征．在计算中发现，地电阻率的分数维具有多层次性．对此还进行了简单的讨论     

3D multi-fractal analysis of porous media using 3D digital images: considerations for heterogeneity evaluation

Pore structure heterogeneity is a critical parameter controlling mechanical, electrical and flow transport behaviour of rock. Multi-fractal analysis method was used for a heterogeneity comparison of three-dimensional rock samples with different lithology. Six real digital samples, containing three sandstones and three carbonates, were used. Based on the mercury injection capillary pressure test on these samples, we found that the carbonate samples are more heterogeneous than sandstones, but primary results of multi-fractal behaviours for all samples were similar. We show that if multi-fractal is used to evaluate and compare heterogeneity of different samples, one needs to follow some considerations such as (1) all samples must have the same size in pixel, (2) samples volume must be bigger than representative volume element, (3) multi-fractal dimensions should be firstly normalized to a determined porosity value and (4) multi-fractal results should be interpreted based on resolution of the imaging tool (effects of fine scale sub-resolution pores are missed). Results revealed that using normalized fractal dimensions, the real samples were divided to less and high heterogeneous groups. Moreover, the study of scale effect also showed that porous structures of these samples are scale invariant in a wide range of scales (from one to eight times bigger).     

Rockglacier activity studies on a regional scale: comparison of geomorphological mapping and photogrammetric monitoring

In their spatial distribution as well as in their different states of activity, rockglaciers imply important information on former and recent permafrost conditions. Two different methods were applied in one study area (Turtmann Valley, Swiss Alps) in order to compare their suitability in assessing rockglacier activity. The comparison of geomorphological mapping and photogrammetric monitoring demonstrated a good accordance, especially on a regional scale. On a local scale, some differences in delimitation of the landforms as well as in the degree of activity were found. One reason for the observed differences is the qualitative character of geomorphological mapping resulting from the variable suitability of single parameters and combinations thereof in the determination of rockglacier activity. Based on these results, geomorphological mapping of rockglaciers can be improved by data from photogrammetric monitoring. Therefore, at best the two methods are combined when analysing former and present permafrost distribution. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.