共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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分形噪声、多维分形滤波及地球物理测井曲线处理应用 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
白噪声、布郎运动以及其它满足在双对数坐标中呈一直线和信号具分形结构、自相似性或尺度无关性。地球物理信号通常表现为多个这种信号的叠加,表面为多维分形特征,研究、模拟在双对数坐标中成一直线的信号以及如何将多维分形中多个这种信号剖分出来,对于理解相应的地质、地球物理成因机制有重要意义。通过对两口井的地球物理测井曲线处理,可以初步看出,在选定的物理测井曲线中,其具多维分形特征,不同的沉积过程相互叠架在原始测井曲线中,用滤波方法分析分解信号,可以了解不同沉积作用特征并进一步分析可能的环境变化控制机制。开发的图形界面程序使得这一过程极为容易。 相似文献
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讨论了地球岩石圈的自组织临界状戍 地震发生的非局域性与多重标度分形度统计特征。研究了地震多重分形性质的计算方法及其应用于地震预报的前景 。 相似文献
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探讨了多标度分形在刻划复杂系统方面的优越性,研究了江苏及邻区1970年以来的5.5级以上地震的多标度分形特征,着重研究了地震前后多标度分形的广义维数谱和奇异性谱.研究结果表明:所有震例的广义维数谱和奇异性谱均经历了远离地震时、异常出现时和异常消失时的三个特征变化阶段;异常出现的时间在震前半年至一年半内;多数震例异常在震前几个月内回返恢复,少数在震后数个月内恢复.上述结果说明利用地震时序的多标度分形特征对于该地区的半年至一年尺度的中强地震预报是有意义的. 相似文献
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利用多重分形维数谱估计的Hill方法,讨论了新西兰地震活动区地震活动的震源分布、震中分布以及时间间隔分布的多重分形特征.结果表明,该地区浅源地震的震中分布和震源分布在给定不同的起始震级的条件下均具有明显的丛集特征;对于中、深源地震这种特征不甚明显.而地震活动时间间隔分布则无论对于浅源和中、深源地震均呈单重分形的性质,但具有分形性质的尺度范围有较大的差别.这些结果表明,浅源地震与中、深源地震的活动特征显著不同. 相似文献
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利用基于小波变换的多重分形谱估计方法,研究了以中国东西部地区为代表的板内地震活动和以新西兰、日本为代表的板缘地震活动广义应变能释放的多重分形特征.结果表明,中国东、西部地震活动广义应变能释放的多重分形特征有明显差别,新西兰与日本的地震活动广义应变能释放的多重分形特征也有明显不同;地震活动的多重分形特征与构造的复杂程度有关. 相似文献
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In this paper, we use the standard deviation method and the fixed mass method to study the self-affine fractal and multi-fractal features along two topographic profiles across different tectonic-geomorphic elements in the Tianshan area of Xinjiang region, China. The results show that in the studied scaling range, the two profiles display different scaling fractal features, and the form and value range of multi-fractal spectra Dq also show different characteristics. The study suggests that the landforms are not completely random, but are deterministically random. The fractal dimension values in different scaling ranges express the mode, intensity and spatial dimension of the endogenic and exogenic processes. Meanwhile, a boundary point between the macroscopic and microscopic scales of geomorphic process is suggested to be about 5km. These results are of significance in quantitative study of geomorphic dynamics. 相似文献
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Shi Xingjue Xu Heming Niu Zhiren Fan ZengjieUniversity of Science Technology of China Hefei China Seismologicai Bureau of Shanxi Xi'an China 《中国地震研究》1994,(3)
The measured profiles of laboratory fractured rocks should be self-affine fractal.The scaling properties of these profiles are described by two parameters-the fractal dimension D and the crossover length tc The D values of eight profiles are calculated by the ruler method and by the standard deviation method respectively.It is shown that if tc is far greater than the sampling step tc two methods yield the same results,although if it is far smaller than r,the D by the standard method will be about 1.20,while D by the ruler method will very close to 1.0,because two fractal dimensions,local and global,exist on two sides of tc In order to obtain the local fractal dimension which may be close to that of the standard deviation method,the ruler method must be modified.We propose a way to estimate the tc and to modify the ruler method.Finally,a profile having given D is generated in terms of the principle of non-integer order differential,through which the above two methods are verified and lead to the same res 相似文献
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Waveform inversion can lead to faint images for later times due to geometrical spreading. The proper scaling of the steepest-descent direction can enhance faint images in waveform inversion results. We compare the effects of different scaling techniques in waveform inversion algorithms using the steepest-descent method. For the scaling method we use the diagonal of the pseudo-Hessian matrix, which can be applied in two different ways. One is to scale the steepest-descent direction at each frequency independently. The other is to scale the steepest-descent direction summed over the entire frequency band. The first method equalizes the steepest-descent directions at different frequencies and minimizes the effects of the band-limited source spectrum in waveform inversion. In the second method, since the steepest-descent direction summed over the entire frequency band is divided by the diagonal of the pseudo-Hessian matrix summed over the entire frequency band, the band-limited property of the source wavelet spectrum still remains in the scaled steepest-descent directions. The two scaling methods were applied to both standard and logarithmic waveform inversion. For standard waveform inversion, the method that scales the steepest-descent direction at every frequency step gives better results than the second method. On the other hand, logarithmic waveform inversion is not sensitive to the scaling method, because taking the logarithm of wavefields automatically means that results for the steepest-descent direction at each frequency are commensurate with each other. If once the steepest-descent directions are equalized by taking the logarithm of wavefields in logarithmic waveform inversion, the additional equalizing effects by the scaling method are not as great as in conventional waveform inversion. 相似文献
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Paolo Nasta Tamir Kamai Giovanni B. Chirico Jan W. Hopmans Nunzio Romano 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,374(3-4):223-234
The presented study explores the prediction of soil water retention and its variability from soil texture and bulk density measurements, using a physically-based scaling technique. Specifically, the Arya–Paris (AP) physico-empirical model is applied to two soil datasets that are collected from two catchments located in different areas of Southern Italy. Laboratory-measured soil water retention functions are scaled to characterize soil variability. The laboratory-measured and AP-predicted reference water retention functions are compared by evaluating the lognormal distribution of derived scaling factors, relative to the mean reference retention function. Since the scaling theory assumes geometric similitude for the investigated soils, successful application of using particle-size distribution to estimate soil water retention requires separation of soils with different textures, using variance analysis. We conclude that variability in soil water retention can be determined from limited soil water retention data using the scaling approach when combined with particle-size distribution measurements. This method can potentially be used as an effective tool for identifying soil hydrologic response at catchment scales. 相似文献
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Many geomorphic properties can be treated as spatially-dependent random variables. Some are second-order stationary, others appear to vary without bound. In these circumstances their variation is best described by the semi-variogram. In most instances the semi-variogram can be modelled by a simple mathematical function, which itself is bounded for a stationary variable and unbounded otherwise. The function must be conditional negative semi-definite to be permissible. More complex variation can be represented by combining two or more permissible models. Sample semi-variograms of several landform and soil properties illustrate the common types of semi-variogram. Their form and parameters are interpreted in physical terms. 相似文献
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This paper presents a procedure to develop scalable reduced models for the through-the soil interaction and traveling wave effects of distant sleepers in a long railway track. For development purposes, and, without loss of generality, the geometry of the sleepers is consistent with the UIC-60 track system commonly used in European high speed rail and the vertical vibration mode is considered. The ballast and the effects of soil layering are not considered in the present paper; however, it is the subject of ongoing research. The proposed reduced models are based on B-Spline impulse response functions (BIRF) of the sleepers only as computed through boundary element method (BEM) solutions of the full model, preserve the frequency content of the full models, and they are highly accurate within the assumptions of linear isotropic and homogeneous soil media. They are expressed in a scalable form with respect to soil properties and sleeper spacing. In particular, the BIRFs of distant sleepers can be accurately approximated by appropriate scaling operations of time and amplitude of a reference sleeper BIRF while retaining all dynamic characteristics of the full model. Three main scaling parameters are proposed: (i) the apparent propagation velocity, (ii) the geometric damping coefficient, and (iii) the soil properties of a reference soil (i.e., the shear modulus and shear wave velocity). The models are validated through comparisons with other BEM solutions, and the accuracy and efficiency are established. The proposed models are developed as part of an NSF funded research on vibrations induced by high-speed rail traffic and are consistent with the associated train and rail models and a multi-system interface coupling (MSIC) technique that were developed as a part of the project and presented in companion papers. The proposed procedure forms the framework for developing scaled reduced models for other vibration modes and different sleeper geometries and can be generalized to include any foundation type or layered soil profiles. 相似文献
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Comparison of geomorphological field mapping and 2D‐InSAR mapping of periglacial landscape activity at Nordnesfjellet,northern Norway 下载免费PDF全文
Markus Eckerstorfer Harald Øverli Eriksen Line Rouyet Hanne H. Christiansen Tom Rune Lauknes Lars Harald Blikra 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(10):2147-2156
The ability to continuously monitor the dynamic response of periglacial landforms in a climate change context is of increasing scientific interest. Satellite radar interferometry provides information on surface displacement that can be related to periglacial processes. Here we present a comparison of two‐dimensional (2D) surface displacement rates and geomorphological mapping at periglacial landform and sediment scale from the mountain Nordnesfjellet in northern Norway. Hence, 2D Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) results stem from a 2009–2014 TerraSAR‐X dataset from ascending and descending orbits, decomposed into horizontal displacement vectors along an east–west plane, vertical displacement vectors and combined displacement velocity. Geomorphological mapping was carried out on aerial imagery and validated in the field. This detailed landform and sediment type mapping revealed an altitudinal distribution dominated by, weathered bedrock blockfields, surrounded primarily by slightly, to non‐vegetated solifluction landforms at the mountain tops. Below, an active rockslide and associated rockfall deposits are located on the steep east‐facing side of the study area, whereas glacial sediments dominate on the gentler western side. We show that 2D InSAR correctly depicts displacement rates that can be associated with typical deformation patterns for flat‐lying or inclined landforms, within and below the regional permafrost limit, for both wet and dry areas. A net lowering of the entire landscape caused by general denudation of the periglacial landforms and sediments is here quantified for the first time using radar remote sensing. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A parallel,scalable and memory efficient inversion code for very large‐scale airborne electromagnetics surveys 下载免费PDF全文
Esben Auken 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(2):495-507
Over the past decade the typical size of airborne electromagnetic data sets has been growing rapidly, along with an emerging need for highly accurate modelling. One‐dimensional approximate inversions or data transform techniques have previously been employed for very large‐scale studies of quasi‐layered settings but these techniques fail to provide the consistent accuracy needed by many modern applications such as aquifer and geological mapping, uranium exploration, oil sands and integrated modelling. In these cases the use of more time‐consuming 1D forward and inverse modelling provide the only acceptable solution that is also computationally feasible. When target structures are known to be quasi layered and spatially coherent it is beneficial to incorporate this assumption directly into the inversion. This implies inverting multiple soundings at a time in larger constrained problems, which allows for resolving geological layers that are undetectable using simple independent inversions. Ideally, entire surveys should be inverted at a time in huge constrained problems but poor scaling properties of the underlying algorithms typically make this challenging. Here, we document how we optimized an inversion code for very large‐scale constrained airborne electromagnetic problems. Most importantly, we describe how we solve linear systems using an iterative method that scales linearly with the size of the data set in terms of both solution time and memory consumption. We also describe how we parallelized the core region of the code, in order to obtain almost ideal strong parallel scaling on current 4‐socket shared memory computers. We further show how model parameter uncertainty estimates can be efficiently obtained in linear time and we demonstrate the capabilities of the full implementation by inverting a 3327 line km SkyTEM survey overnight. Performance and scaling properties are discussed based on the timings of the field example and we describe the criteria that must be fulfilled in order to adapt our methodology for similar type problems. 相似文献