中水道1号灯船波力发电系统模拟试验和设计

本作者通过船模试验,首次为大型灯船设计了一种新型的后弯振荡水柱式波浪能转换系统,利用波浪发电,保证灯船有充足的电源,在海上实现无人看守,为解决大型导航灯船的电源开创了新路。     

100kW一基多体漂浮鹰式波浪能发电装置模型试验研究

一基多体漂浮鹰式波浪能装置是一种新型的利用波浪发电的离岸漂浮式波浪能装置群,该波浪能发电装置是对已经成功发电的"鹰式I号"波浪能装置的改进优化。文中介绍的一基多体漂浮鹰式波浪能装置由4个鹰头吸波浮体、浮力舱、波浪能母船(水下附体)、半潜船、能量转换系统、锚泊系统等组成。该波浪能装置特殊设计为4个鹰头吸波浮体对称安装在一个波浪能母船上,共享能量转换系统和锚泊系统。通过一系列水槽模型试验,获得匹配各个波浪要素最优负载,测得模型在不同波浪要素下的一、二级能量转换效率,以及锚泊系统的受力。试验结果表明,模型具有良好的水动力学性能,模型俘获波浪能的能力并不受入射波的来浪方向影响,锚泊系统对模型起到了稳固、提高波浪能俘获效率的作用。     

浮力摆式波浪能发电装置模型试验

设计了一种浮力摆式波浪能发电装置,并根据其原理在实验室中开展比例模型试验。介绍了该装置的设计原理、试验原理,试验设计以及数据处理与结果分析,并在实验室模拟波况下,绘制出了波浪能装置的转换效率曲线。试验显示,该波浪能发电装置具有性能稳定,能量转换效率较高,能适应小波浪发电等特点。     

漂浮摆—斜坡组合式波浪能发电装置研究

目前全球对能源的需求急速增长,其中对可再生能源的需求也越来越大。中国将成为全球能源消费第一大国,研发高效的可再生能源装备已刻不容缓。我国有大量可开发的海洋波浪能,其中舟山附近海域的波浪能相当丰富。文中研发了适合舟山海域波浪条件的波浪能发电装置。具体研究内容包括以下几个方面:(1)从流体力学理论出发,采用斜坡将水平速度转化为垂向速度,设计了近岸固定式可适应潮位变化的波浪能发电装置。(2)进行了多种结构漂浮摆-斜坡组合的模型试验,找到了最佳结构方案,验证了漂浮摆原理的可行性。利用提升重物的方法获得了模型装置的一级波浪能捕获效率,成功通过液压装置将波浪能转化为电能。(3)建立了基于非稳态RANS的CFD仿真模型,分析漂浮摆式波浪能捕获模块的水动力性能。研究在不同载荷情况下漂浮摆装置的能量输出情况,得到了装置在特定工况下的漂浮摆受力情况,为能量转化系统设计和装置设计制造提供参考。     

双浮筒直驱式波浪发电系统的优化控制

针对双浮筒直驱式波浪发电系统的工作效率较低问题,提出了一种基于PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)控制的系统优化方法。首先根据波浪力学理论,计算出了双浮筒直驱式波浪发电系统的外浮筒(动浮筒)在自然条件下的运行特性,计算结果表明,受到波浪频率、垂直波浪速度和波浪周期固有特性的影响,外浮筒的垂直运动速度不能与波浪的垂直运动速度达到共振,进而也就导致波浪能转换成电能的工作效率较低。当采用基于PID控制算法对该波浪发电系统进行优化控制之后,波浪能转换成电能的效率有了很大的提高。详尽的算例分析和仿真结果表明本文提出的优化控制方法有效、可行。     

波浪能发电技术的研究现状与发展前景

海洋波浪能由于具有可再生、绿色环保和储量丰富的特点,已经引起越来越多国家的重视。文中介绍了波浪能的定义、成因和特点,对波浪能发电装置进行分类总结,阐述各类装置工作原理及特点。基于上述总结,分析了波浪发电装置需要解决的问题,对世界波浪能发电装置发展进行展望。     

波浪能发电

简称“波浪发电”。利用海面波浪的垂直运动、水平运动和海浪中水的压力变化产生的能量发电。海水中蕴藏着巨大的波浪能,若波高３ｍ,周期为７ｓ,每１ｍ宽的海面可提供６３ｋＷ的能量。波浪能发电一般是利用波浪的推动力,使波浪能转化为推动空气流动的压力（原理与风箱相同,只是用波浪作动力,水面代替活塞）,气流推动空气涡轮机叶片旋转而带动发电机发电。波浪发电自付诸实用以来,世界各国提出许多波浪发电的新设想和新技术,至今大约有３４０余种不同的方案。中国海岸线漫长,每年平均浪高２ｍ、波长１ｍ的时间可达６０００ｈ左右。…     

港口内靠码头系泊船运动的计算

本文以英国南海岸处Ｓｈｏｒｅｈａｍ港内系泊船为例，研究了港口内靠码头系泊船运动的数值计算问题。该船的实船实验和模型实验已经完成，为验证本文计算结果提供了依据。运动方程在时域内求解。在计算船体脉冲响应函数时，引入了船体阻尼系数在频率很低时的渐近表达式和一迭代算法。分析了港内共振波浪和其对船体的作用力。讨论了靠码头系泊船运动的非线性特征。计算结果与实验结果符合很好。     

自动表面船用于岛礁水深测绘

岛礁具有重要的地位,然而对其附近水深的调查手段却不充分。比较了几种水深测绘手段的优缺点,设计了一种小型自动表面船用于岛礁水深测绘。该表面船底部安装声学测深仪,具备自动定位、导航与运动功能;其尾部安装两个电动推进器提供动力,通过独立控制两个推进器的转速,可实现船体的前进、后退和转向;利用无线电与岸基单元进行数据通讯。根据不同水深测绘条件,该船可以用三种控制方式进行水深测量:直接控制、间接控制和自主控制。测量数据实时传输到岸基单元,并自动存储于船载存储单元。初步试验结果表明,设计的自动表面船测量系统具有可行性。     

变结构滑行艇斜浪航行耐波性数值分析

为改善传统滑行艇在波浪环境中耐波性问题,提出了一种兼具快速性与耐波性的变结构滑行艇, 通过收放两侧片体实现滑单体形态与三体形态之间自由转换。为分析片体在斜浪航行中的减摇效果,采用数值方法对滑行艇 2 种形态在斜浪航行中的耐波性进行对比分析,结果表明：片体能够起到减横横摇作用,且其减横摇效果在单体形态的共振区域内最明显,在 β_w=60°时,片体最多能减少 70.45%的横摇幅值。     

A parametric study of wave loads on trimaran ships traveling in waves

In this paper, we present a spectral analysis based on wave loads to select suitable side-hull arrangements for a trimaran ship traveling in waves. Neglecting the steady flow effect, the three-dimensional source-distribution method, using a pulsating source potential incorporating the panel method, is adopted to solve the corresponding hydrodynamic coefficients. The significant values for wave loads, including shear forces, bending moments, and torsion moments at different locations on the main hull and connected deck with respect to different staggers and clearances, are derived by the spectral analysis. Several ship speeds and wave headings are also considered for comparison. This study offers more information for selecting the side-hull arrangement from the viewpoint of wave loads on trimaran ships, which may be regarded as helpful references for seakeeping design of these types of ships.     

新模块化单桩缓冲系泊浮式集成结构系统研究

为配合我国南海重要岛礁陆域拓展及海洋资源开发,提出了一种基于新型单桩缓冲系泊与波浪能装置(WEC)集成的具有潮汐自适应特性的模块化浮体结构系统。基于三维势流理论,综合考虑浮体模块与单桩缓冲结构的相对运动及相关波浪能装置的机械耦合机理,重点研究了新型单模块浮式结构系统在典型海况下的动力响应特征,获得了单桩缓冲系泊系统的初步优化设计参数,并对极端海况进行安全校核,提出了优化自存策略。数值结果表明,此带有波浪能装置的新型单桩缓冲系泊系统,不仅可以有效地降低浮体模块的运动响应幅值并改善平台舒适度,还可以获得可观的发电量,而且在极端海况下,可以通过调整阻尼装置系统来稳定浮体模块的运动。     

Distortion of thin shells due to rapid temperature changes

A mathematical model which predicts pressure changes and resultant hull distortion due to variations in temperature of a thin closed shell is presented. The model is of general application but in this paper it is specifically applied to the case of a small sailing boat whose bouyancy depends on the fact that the hull is effectively a water-tight shell made of GRP. In extreme climates such as vessel experiences large temperature changes on launching and beaching and pressure differentials of the order of 2 psi can result. The design of the hull incorporates a small vent hole to relieve the pressure build-ups but the recommended diameter is shown to be too small to avoid damage. Reasons for structural failures, which have frequently been observed, are presented.     

Experimental and numerical investigations on hydrodynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of the tunnel of planing trimaran

The planing trimaran possesses distinctive hybrid hydrodynamic and aerodynamic performance due to the presence of tunnel. The research described in this paper was carried out based on the observation of wave characteristics of a planing trimaran model in towing tests, in which the resistance drops as soon as the wave surface separates from tunnel roof. In order to gain a deeper insight into the relationship between wave flow and forces in tunnel region, a comprehensive series of viscous CFD simulations considering free-surface and 2-DOF motion of the hull (heave and pitch) have been performed for the tested model at the volume based Froude numbers ranging from 3.16 to 5.87. The calculated results were validated by comparison with experimental data and showed good agreement. Numerical results of wave contours, longitudinal wave cuts and lifting force distributions at the calculated speeds were presented for the analysis of ventilation process in tunnel region and the corresponding variation of tunnel forces. It is found that, for the speeds higher than Froude number of 4.52, the aerodynamic forces provide major tunnel lift and mainly act on the straight section of the tunnel. And, therefore, numerical simulations of two modified models have also been performed for the analysis of influence of straight section length on the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic performance of planing trimaran.     

Ship propulsion in waves by actively controlled flapping foils

Flapping wings located beneath or to the side of the hull of the ship are investigated as unsteady thrusters, augmenting ship propulsion in waves. The main arrangement consists of horizontal wing(s) in vertical oscillatory motion which is induced by ship heave and pitch, while rotation about the wing pivot axis is actively controlled. In this work we investigate the energy extraction by the system operating in irregular wave conditions and its performance concerning direct conversion to propulsive thrust. More specifically, we consider operation of the flapping foil in waves characterised by a spectrum, corresponding to specific sea state, taking into account the coupling between the hull and the flapping foil dynamics. The effect of the wavy free surface is accounted for through the satisfaction of the corresponding boundary conditions and the consideration of the wave velocity on the formation of the incident flow. Numerical results concerning thrust and power coefficients are presented, indicating that significant thrust can be produced under general operating conditions. The present work can be exploited for the design and optimum control of such systems extracting energy from sea waves for augmenting marine propulsion in rough seas, with simultaneous reduction of ship responses offering also dynamic stabilisation.     

碟形越浪式波能发电装置的系统研究

碟形越浪式波能发电装置是一种新型的波能发电装置,其利用蓄水池将不稳定的入射波能转换为稳定的淹没出流动能,势能转换为动能带动水轮机运转实现发电。该装置具有输出功率平稳、适应各种海况、可靠度好的的特点,对其进行深入研究,对于边远海域的岛屿经济开发、国防及海水淡化等具有十分重要的意义。     

CFD数值分析三体船片体位置对阻力及兴波干扰影响

三体船的水动力性能是目前水动力学研究的热门。对于中高速三体船来说,其静水阻力的很大一部分由兴波阻力构成,而对于兴波最大的影响因素就是片体位置的布局。以一艘圆舭型三体船为研究对象,运用黏流计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟分析4种不同片体位置对三体船静水阻力和兴波干扰的影响。数值计算采用自主研发的黏流CFD求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU。数值预报得到三体船静水阻力结果与模型试验结果吻合较好,验证了当前CFD方法预报三体船阻力的可靠性。通过不同片体位置三体船阻力计算发现,方案4的船型方案阻力最优,且通过细节的主片体间兴波干扰流场的结果给出了不同片体布置方案对三体船阻力和兴波的影响。     

Note on the intensity of encountered waves

An apparent wave is a part of the sea record observed between two successive upcrossings of the still water level. Integral formulas are given for intensities of encountered waves that overtake a ship sailing in directional sea with constant velocity. The formulas can be evaluated exactly in the case when the directional spectrum is known and the sea is assumed to be Gaussian, i.e. is a sum of noninteracting sinusoidal waves.     

Design pressure distributions on the hull of the FLOW wave energy converter

This paper presents a procedure to calculate the design pressure distributions on the hull of a wave energy converter (WEC). Design pressures are the maximum pressure values that the device is expected to experience during its operational life time. The procedure is applied to the prototype under development by Martifer Energy (FLOW—Future Life in Ocean Waves).A boundary integral method is used to solve the hydrodynamic problem. The hydrodynamic pressures are combined with the hydrostatic ones and the internal pressures of the large ballast tanks. The first step consists of validating the numerical results of motions by comparison with measured experimental data obtained with a scaled model of the WEC. The numerical model is tuned by adjusting the damping of the device rotational motions and the equivalent damping and stiffness of the power take-off system. The pressure distributions are calculated for all irregular sea states representative of the Portuguese Pilot Zone where the prototype will be installed and a long term distribution method is used to calculate the expected maximum pressures on the hull corresponding to the 100-year return period.     

Dynamic analysis of wave energy converter by incorporating the effect of hydraulic transmission lines

A heaving-buoy wave energy converter equipped with hydraulic power take-off is studied in this paper. This wave energy converter system is divided into five subsystems: a heaving buoy, hydraulic pump, pipelines, non-return check valves and a hydraulic motor combined with an electric generator. A dynamic model was developed by considering the interactions between the subsystems in a state space form. The transient pressures caused by starting/stopping the buoy or closing/opening the check valves were predicted numerically using the established model. The simulation results show that transmission line dynamics play a dominant role in the studied wave energy converter system. The length of the pipeline will not only affect the amplitude of the transient pressures but also affect the converted power. The variation of the time-averaged converted electric power with the pipeline length is estimated using the simulation method for the buoy exposed to one irregular sea state. Finally, it is suggested how reduced power efficiency due to the pipelines may be ameliorated.