9711号台暴雨分析

９７１１号台风给浙江省宁波市带来了严重的经济损失。分析了本次台风暴雨的过程、特点及洪水特性,总结了其经验教训。     

9711号台风暴雨分析

9711号台风给浙江省宁波市带来了严重的经济损失.分析了本次台风暴雨的过程、特点及洪水特性,总结了其经验教训.     

德宏州芒市2014年“7·21”暴雨洪灾分析

2014年7月受第九号超强台风"威马逊"残余云系影响,德宏州各县市普遍遭到暴雨袭击,伊洛瓦底江和怒江流域发生了特大暴雨洪水,特别严重的是21日6:00,芒市芒海镇发生特大山洪、滑坡、泥石流灾害。分析本次暴雨洪水的雨量、暴雨特性及灾害特征,有助于掌握和了解该地区暴雨洪水的特性,为防洪减灾、防御自然灾害[1]提供依据。     

姚江流域"桑美"台风的暴雨洪水分析

受“桑美”台风影响,2000年9月中旬,姚江流域发生了强降水。分析了这次暴雨过程及其对流域内水库、干流的影响,提出了几项防御措施。     

2000～2008年巢湖流域主要局部暴雨特点及分析比较

2000年以来,由于全球气候变化异常的影响,巢湖流域局部暴雨灾害频繁,给巢湖社会经济快速发展和人民生命财产安全带来严重损失.本文根据2000～2008年巢湖流域的局部暴雨的实测资料,对几场暴雨特点进行了分析、比较.对认识现阶段巢湖流域的局部暴雨特点,为防汛抗洪提供科学依据,具有一定的参考价值.     

“降水——水土保持——径流”统计模型在辽宁大凌河流域水土保持效应分析中的应用研究

水土保持措施的实施会对流域河床径流量产生较大影响,会导致土地利用、覆盖范围和水文效应产生明显改变。"降水"、"区域径流"和"水土保持"三个变量之间存在线性关联性,本文以辽宁省大凌河流域为研究对象,通过对该研究区1972-2016年的年降水量、径流量和水土保持面积数据进行多元线性回归分析,构建"降水—水土保持—径流"三个变量之间的统计模型,对大凌河流域水土保持行为对该流域年径流量的影响程度展开定性描述与定量评估。通过综合区域内降水、水土保持和径流之间的关系,发现流域水土保持面积、降水量与还原径流量之间的线性关系为-0.021,水土保持面积变量与降水量之间相互独立,与径流量之间具有较强关联性。年径流量随着区域降水量不断减少而减少,而随着水土保持措施的增多而增加,研究结果对区域水资源管理与保护提供参考。     

海河流域暴雨的气候特征与环流分型

选用海河流域1961~2012年132站逐日降水资料,通过趋势分析、M-K检验、EOF和REOF等方法分析了50余年海河流域暴雨的气候统计特征。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和历史天气图资料,研究了海河流域14个典型强致灾暴雨过程的大气环流特征。结果表明:(1)海河流域夏季暴雨日站数和暴雨量的时空分布相近,暴雨日站数下降趋势较为显著;(2)海河流域夏季暴雨的空间分布可划分为3个分布型态:西南型、东北型和东南型;(3)海河流域暴雨在20世纪70年代末至80年代初存在一次突变现象;(4)海河流域强致灾暴雨过程可归纳为5类主要环流型,即高空低槽型、高空冷涡型、副高外围切变线型、低空低涡型和台风北上型。     

大洋河典型致灾暴雨洪水特性分析

对辽宁大洋河"2017803"与"2012804"两场典型致灾暴雨洪水特征进行分析,重点分析两场致灾暴雨、洪水的特点和规律。结果可知:影响两次暴雨的天气系统比较相似,均受台风和副热带高压共同影响,雨区的移动路线基本相同,但是暴雨中心位置不尽相同,"803"暴雨中心在流域的中下游,而"804"在上游。研究成果对于大洋河暴雨洪水规律分析具有重要的参考价值。     

左江“86.7”暴雨洪水分析

1986年7月下旬,左江流域遭受9号台风影响,先后出现一场稀遇的大暴雨洪水过程。本文对这场暴雨洪水的天气系统、特点和暴雨洪水形成、特性进行分析,供参考。一、流域概况左江发源于越南境内,由水口河、黎溪     

堵河流域水文特征分析

对堵河竹山水文站1959~2007年降水量、径流量、输沙量等资料进行了统计分析,描述了堵河流域降雨、径流和暴雨洪水的主要特征以及河流泥沙受人类活动影响。为堵河流域水资源管理、防汛抗旱提供参考。     

Analysis of a major storm over the Dongjiang reservoir basin associated with Typhoon Bilis (2006)

An unexpected major storm on July 14, 2006, resulted in great loss to the Dongjiang reservoir basin in Zixing City, Hunan Province, China, during the dominance of Typhoon Bilis (2006). The rainfall characteristics and temporal evolution of this major storm were studied with rain gauge data and high-resolution radar reflectivity data to investigate the connections between typhoon, reservoir and convective storm. Our investigations found that the intense convective storm, which was characterized by a banded structure, brought heavy rainfall concentrated in the Dongjiang reservoir basin while the center of Typhoon Bilis was nearly 450 km away from the basin. By applying geographical information system techniques, analyses of radar reflectivity demonstrated that the topography of the Dongjiang reservoir has big influence on the development of convective storm. Furthermore, intense convective cells with strong radar reflectivity (>50 dBZ) arose more frequently over the edges of the reservoir, especially over the southern mountain valley in the basin. More importantly, our investigations indicate that the occurrence of this convective storm is closely related to a strong atmospheric inversion by examining the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder data.     

Estimation of property loss and business interruption loss caused by storm surge inundation due to climate change: a case of Typhoon Vera revisit

This paper estimates property loss and business interruption loss under scenarios of storm surge inundation to explore the economic impact of climate change on Ise Bay, Japan. Scenarios-based analyses are conducted with respect to Typhoon Vera, which caused the most severe storm surge in the recorded history of Japan in 1959. Four different hazard scenarios are chosen from a series of typhoon storm surge inundation simulations: Typhoon Vera’s landfall with respect to the condition of the past seawall; Typhoon Vera’s landfall with respect to the condition of the current seawall; intensifying Typhoon Vera, but retaining its original tracks; and intensifying Typhoon Vera, but choosing the worst tracks from various possible typhoon tracks. Our economic loss estimation takes advantage of fine geographical scale census and economic census data that enable us to understand the spatial distribution of property loss and business interruption loss as well as identify the most potentially affected areas and business sectors on a sub-city scale. By comparing the property loss and business interruption loss caused by different hazard scenarios, the effect of different seawalls is evaluated and the economic impact of future climate change is estimated. The results indicate that although the current seawall can considerably reduce the scale of losses, climate change can cause Ise Bay to experience more serious storm surge inundation. Moreover, the resulting economic losses would increase significantly owing to a combination of climate change and the worst track scenario. It is, therefore, necessary to consider more countermeasures to adapt to climate change in this area.     

Estimation of property loss and business interruption loss caused by storm surge inundation due to climate change: a case of Typhoon Vera revisit

This paper estimates property loss and business interruption loss under scenarios of storm surge inundation to explore the economic impact of climate change on Ise Bay, Japan. Scenarios-based analyses are conducted with respect to Typhoon Vera, which caused the most severe storm surge in the recorded history of Japan in 1959. Four different hazard scenarios are chosen from a series of typhoon storm surge inundation simulations: Typhoon Vera’s landfall with respect to the condition of the past seawall; Typhoon Vera’s landfall with respect to the condition of the current seawall; intensifying Typhoon Vera, but retaining its original tracks; and intensifying Typhoon Vera, but choosing the worst tracks from various possible typhoon tracks. Our economic loss estimation takes advantage of fine geographical scale census and economic census data that enable us to understand the spatial distribution of property loss and business interruption loss as well as identify the most potentially affected areas and business sectors on a sub-city scale. By comparing the property loss and business interruption loss caused by different hazard scenarios, the effect of different seawalls is evaluated and the economic impact of future climate change is estimated. The results indicate that although the current seawall can considerably reduce the scale of losses, climate change can cause Ise Bay to experience more serious storm surge inundation. Moreover, the resulting economic losses would increase significantly owing to a combination of climate change and the worst track scenario. It is, therefore, necessary to consider more countermeasures to adapt to climate change in this area.

     

Landslides and Rainfall Characteristics Analysis in Taipei City during the Typhoon Nari Event

The severe Typhoon Nari ended on September 15, 2001 with a high-intensity and high-accumulation storm that dumped up to 1249 mm of rain in Taipei City, Taiwan. The high-intensity and high-accumulation event caused flooding and triggered more than 400 soils slips and debris flows and large, complex landslides. Detailed information on 63 events, including rainfall, initiation time, and magnitude of landslides were documented and analyzed to identify the landslides and rainfall characteristic in Taipei City during Typhoon Nari. The result reveals that slump, slide, and debris flow events are associated with the situation of high-intensity or high-accumulation rainfall. The rainfall intensity-duration condition resulted in smaller magnitude and shallow failures. Medium to massive landslide were mainly related to the high-accumulation rainfall. A landslide regionalization process based on rainfall, geomorphologic and geologic characteristics is proposed. Results of the proposed process show good agreement with landslide events observed in the Taipei City during Typhoon Nari.     

A numerical study of storm surge behavior in and around Lingdingyang Bay,Pearl River Estuary,China

Natural Hazards - A numerical study based on FVCOM model was carried out to investigate the storm surge behavior induced by Typhoon Mangkhut in and around Lingdingyang Bay, Pearl River Estuary....     

Quantitative assessment of inundation risks from physical contributors associated with future storm surges: a case study of Typhoon Maemi (2003)

Natural Hazards - Future storm-induced inundation risks were assessed by performing storm surge modeling based on Typhoon Maemi (2003) under the generic climate change scenarios proposed by IPCC...     

Tsunamis versus storm deposits from Thailand

Along the Andaman (west) coast of Thailand, the 2004 tsunami depositional features associated with the 2004 tsunami were used to describe the characteristics of tsunamis in a place far away from the effect of both recent and ancient storms. The current challenge is that a lack of precise sedimentological characteristics have been described that will differentiate tsunami deposits from storm deposits. Here, in sedimentological senses, we reviewed the imprints of the sedimentological characteristics of the 2004 tsunami and older deposits and then compared them with storm deposits, as analyzed from the deposits found along the eastern (Gulf of Thailand; GOT) coast of Thailand. We discuss the hydraulic conditions of the 2004 tsunami and its predecessors, on the Andaman coast, and compare them to storm flows found on the coast of the GOT. Similar to an extensive tsunami inflow deposit, a storm flow overwash has very similar sedimentary structures. Well-preserved sedimentary structures recognized in sand sheets from both tsunami and storms include single and multiple normal gradings, reverse grading, parallel, incline and foreset lamina, rip-up clasts, and mud drapes. All these sedimentary structures verify the similarity of tsunami and storm inflow behavior as both types of high-energy flow start to scour the beach zone. Antidunes are likely to be the only unique internal sedimentary structures observed in the 2004 tsunami deposit. Rip-up clasts are rare within storm deposits compared to tsunami deposits. We found that the deposition during the outflow from both tsunami and storms was rarely preserved, suggesting that it does not persist for very long in the geological record.     

Morphological response of tidal marshes,flats and channels of the Outer Yangtze River mouth to a major storm

Systematic morphological changes of the coastline of the outer Yangtze River mouth in response to storms versus calm weather were documented by daily surveys of tidal marshes and flats between April 1999 and May 2001 and by boat surveys offshore during this and earlier periods. The largest single event during 1999 to 2001 was Typhoon Paibaian, which eroded the unvegetated tidal flat and lower marsh and led to accretion on the middle-to-upper marsh and in the subtidal channel. The greatest erosion of 21 cm occurred at the border between the marsh and the unvegetated flat due to the landward retreat of the marsh edge during the storm. Strong waves on the flats increased suspended sediment concentration by 10–20 times. On the upper marsh, where the frequency of submergence by astronomical tides is only 3%, Typhoon Paibian led to 4 cm of accretion, accounting for 57% of the net accretion observed over the 2-yr study. Typhoon Paibian led to 4 cm of accretion, accounting for 57% of the net accretion observed over the 2-yr study. Typhoon Paibian and other large storms in the 1990s caused over 50 cm of accretion along the deep axis of the river mouth outlet channel. During calm weather, when hydrodynamic energy was dominated by tides, deposition was centered on the unvegetated flats and lower, marsh with little deposition on the high marsh and erosion in the subtidal channel. Depositional recovery of the tidal flat from typhoon-induced erosion took only several days, whereas recovery of the subtidal channel by erosion took several weeks. A conceptual model for the morphological responses of tidal marshes, flats, and subtidal channels to storms and calm weather is proposed such that sediment continually moves from regions of highest near-bed energy towards areas of lower energy.     

安徽省"2005·09"暴雨洪水分析

2005年9月1-4日,安徽省受第13号台风“泰利”影响,同时遇到华北冷空气南下,与低层云团汇合,形成历史罕见特大暴雨,三个暴雨中心分别位于淠河上游张冲站、皖河上游岳西站和滁河上游长山站,最大3日降雨量687mm,最大 24h降雨量544mm。本文通过实测资料对本次暴雨洪水成因、特点进行了分析,并与历史上发生的洪水进行了对比分析。     

Effects of Wave–Current Interaction on Salt Intrusion During a Typhoon Event in a Highly Stratified Estuary

Wave–current interaction (WCI) is important in modulating hydrodynamics and water mixing in estuaries, and thereby the transport of water-borne materials. However, the effects of WCI on salt transport and salt intrusion in estuaries during storm events have been rarely examined. In the present study, we use a coupled atmosphere–ocean–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system to investigate the effects of WCI on salt intrusion in the highly stratified Modaomen Estuary during Typhoon Hagupit (2008). The model is validated by the measured wave, water elevation, and surface salinity data, and several diagnostic model experiments are conducted. WCI increases the storm surge by 0.8 m at the peak surge (25% of the total surge height). The wave-breaking-induced momentum flux and the Stokes drift increase the magnitude of the landward flow by 0.3 m s^?1 (30% of the total landward flow). In addition, the waves increase water mixing by 2–4 times compared with that without waves. Hence, WCI significantly increases the landward advective salt transport and decreases the steady shear transport. The net effect of the WCI is a significant increase of salt import and salt intrusion during the typhoon event. However, in the aftermath of the storm, the imported salt water is rapidly flushed out by the increased river discharge, and the estuary regains its stratification within one day.