风云静止卫星双星立体观测云顶高度反演初步研究

推导出利用风云静止卫星双星视云坐标计算云下点坐标和云顶高度的理论算法,对静止双星865E/104.5E和86.5E/112E两种组合观测条件下视云位移分布特征以及视云位移与云高关系进行分析计算,在此基础上,提出一种可以实现全区域高精度立体云高反演的非线性视云位移云高反演模型。结果显示,观测数据空间分辨率0.01°条件下,两种双星组合云高分辨率平均值分别为1.28 km和0.93 km,表明86.5E/112E组合反演精度优于86.5E/104.5E组合。最后,利用FY2D和FY2F双星数据在西北太平洋进行立体云高反演实验,并将反演结果与Cloudsat卫星微波雷达云高测量数据进行对比分析。     

利用短期静态PPP结果反演海潮负荷位移

采用香港11个GPS测站的观测资料进行1 h、2 h、3 h和4h静态PPP解算,获得4组PPP坐标序列,利用调和分析求取11个测站处8个主要分潮的负荷位移参数（振幅和相位）,将其与海潮模型计算的负荷位移参数进行对比,并比较分析PPP反演值与海潮模型值改正海潮负荷信号的效果。结果表明,垂直和水平方向上,不同PPP结果反演8个分潮的负荷位移分别具有约5 mm和7 mm的差异;PPP反演8个分潮垂向负荷位移优于全球海潮模型,但水平方向上的反演效果稍弱。     

远场GPS同震位移的变形特征分析——以2011年日本东北大地震为例

利用2011日本东北大地震的亚洲东部GPS远场水平位移数据,通过计算及比较分析4个独立震源解和倾/滑角效应,研究了远场地震变形的空间分布特征和规律。结果表明,对于低角度逆冲型地震来说,水平位移格林函数在远场位移场中占主导作用。基于此确定了远场GPS水平位移场能在反演中有效利用的空间范围,为联合远场GPS数据和近场GPS数据反演断层滑动分布作理论准备,并为远场数据反演位错Love数（h、l）提供理论依据。     

形变监测网的基准与形变模型反演

本文利用自由网位移解之间的相似变换关系,讨论了利用各种自由网位移解作形变模型反演及求形变网基准问题,说明形变网除了可以用网内的点作为基准(称为内部基准)外,还可以根据某些外部条件,例如通过形变模型反演,得到与形变相拟合的观测位移场,即以形变模型为基准的观测位移场。这类基准可以称为外部基准。把相似变换参数及水平位移旋转中心也作为反演的未知参数,可以利用形变网的任何一个自由网位移解作某一形变模型反演并得到唯一的解。这种反演方法不仅可以充分利用有形亏的重复边长、角度或高差观测资料,而且可以同时利用观测方法不同的多个独立形变观测网的位移资料。     

边界荷载位移反分析确定法

根据有限元法推导了由位移观测值反演确定边界荷载的反分析数学模型。３个算例的分析结果表明，良好的位移观测量可获得准确和稳定的荷载反分析值。     

利用PPP反演海潮负荷位移参数

选取高纬地区的3个CORS站以及中纬地区的SHAO测站,利用PPP浮点解计算测站未经海潮负荷位移改正的坐标时间序列,采用傅里叶变换方法提取分潮的周期信息,进而反演其中8个主要分潮的海潮负荷位移参数,将其与5个全球海潮模型DTU10、EOT11a、GOT4.8、TPXO.7.2、FES2004计算得到的海洋负荷位移参数比较。结果表明,PPP反演得到的8个主要分潮的海潮负荷位移参数与海潮模型计算结果具有较好的一致性,两者均方根差异为mm级,说明利用PPP反演海潮负荷位移参数是可行的。     

利用高频GPS反演强震面波震级的最优适用范围探讨

通过解算2010-04-04El Mayor-Cucapah Mw7.2地震的高频(1Hz)GPS数据,获取测站的动态位移,并根据Gutenberg经验震级公式反演面波震级,探索高频GPS反演震级的最优适用范围。结果表明,当高频GPS测站震中距分布于50~350km时,利用其水平位移峰值反演得到的面波震级为7.21,与美国USGS公布的震级Mw7.2一致;但当震中距350km时,高频GPS相对于强震仪位移峰值存在"上漂现象",反演得到的震级为7.6~8.0。建议利用高频GPS建立经验模型反演强震面波震级时,应考虑其适用范围。     

基于非均匀地壳模型的格林函数法反演2001年昆仑山口西Ms8.1地震的同震滑移

建立基于地壳不均匀的三维有限元模型,将昆仑山口西Ms8.1地震产生的长约400 km的破裂带在走向上分为16段,生成各个破裂段滑移相对于地表位移的格林函数,并以GPS观测的水平位移为约束,用阻尼最小二乘法反演破裂滑移分布,结果表明反演结果与地质考察的地表破裂数据接近.用反演结果重构的地表位移场与观测值一致,并体现了断裂...     

岩石地下工程抗震研究获进展

正武汉岩土力学研究所崔臻等在岩石地下工程抗震研究中取得进展。他们采用位移非连续理论与时域递归方法,揭示地质结构面对地震波透反射特征的应力、频率、幅值依赖性,提出考虑高山峡谷地形局部场地效应的地震动输入机制;同时发现长大地质结构对洞室地震动力响应的控制作用,揭示洞室在地震作用下的破坏机理,提出一     

利用GPS资料反演祁连山断层的三维滑动速率

以位错理论模型为基础,导出了利用GPS观测的水平位移场速率数据反演断层的走滑、倾滑和张开三维运动速率分布的最佳估计反演计算公式,并利用青藏高原东北缘1999~2001年间GPS观测的位移场速率对祁连山断裂的三维运动速率分布进行了反演计算研究。结果表明,祁连山断裂活动速率在断层倾滑方向上明显大于走滑方向和张开方向,而且具有空间分布的不均匀性特征。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by