Mercury: reusable metadata management, data discovery and access system

Mercury is a federated metadata harvesting, search and retrieval tool based on both open source packages and custom software developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). It was originally developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the consortium now includes funding from NASA, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Mercury is itself a reusable software application which uses a service-oriented architecture (SOA) approach to capturing and managing metadata in support of twelve Earth science projects. Mercury also supports the reuse of metadata by enabling searches across a range of metadata specification and standards including XML, Z39.50, FGDC, Dublin-Core, Darwin-Core, EML, and ISO-19115. It collects metadata and key data from contributing project servers distributed around the world and builds a centralized index. The Mercury search interfaces allows the users to perform simple, fielded, spatial, temporal and other hierarchical searches across these metadata sources. This centralized repository of metadata with distributed data sources provides extremely fast search results (Table 1) to the user, while allowing data providers to advertise the availability of their data and yet maintain complete control and ownership of that data.     

Testing the potential of Sentinel-1A TOPS interferometry for the detection and monitoring of landslides at local scale (Veneto Region,Italy)

The recent Sentinel-1 mission, started by the European Space Agency in April 2014, provides the scientific community with new capabilities for the monitoring of the Earth surface. In particular, the Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans imaging technique used in the Interferometric Wide swath acquisition mode permits to acquire data over very wide areas (250 km of swath extension) at 20-m spatial resolution, with 12-day revisit time, making it suitable for ground displacement monitoring applications. With more than 1 year of synthetic aperture radar images available, it is now possible to carry out monitoring activities of slow moving phenomena such as landslides at both regional and local scales. In this work, the potential of Sentinel-1A for the monitoring of shallow (from 2 to 6 m of depth) landslides occurring in the North-Eastern Italian Pre-Alps was tested. Two stacks of Sentinel-1A scenes acquired in both ascending and descending orbits were processed using the Permanent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique. The results, analysed in terms of PS density and quality, were compared with the ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT PSI database available from the Italian National Cartographic Portal to assess the capabilities of Sentinel-1A in detecting and monitoring landslides in respect to the previous satellite missions. The results of this work show the great potential of Sentinel-1A in the continuous monitoring of landslide-prone territories even at local scale. The achievable results can provide information that is useful to delineate the spatial and temporal evolution of landslides and precisely assess their rates of deformation.     

地质元数据共享平台构架

长期以来,各地质勘探部门积累了大量地质数据,为了有效管理和共享这些信息,需建立数据共享平台。探讨了地理元数据的现状和地理元数据共享存在的问题,以及用XML文件存储和关系数据库存储的优缺点等问题;提出用XML与数据库技术相结合的方式构建地质元数据,解决地质数据共享问题,并以此为基础构建了用于管理、使用和发布地质数据的共享平台。     

Sentinel-1数据在西南山区水库变形斜坡InSAR监测中的适用性评价:以溪洛渡水库为例

Sentinel卫星凭借其超高的辐射分辨率、稳定的轨道系统、较大的覆盖能力、较短的重返时间、可免费下载的数据,在斜坡灾害识别监测方向上有广泛的应用。自1963年意大利瓦伊昂特大滑坡发生以来,岸坡地质灾害一直是峡谷区水库关注的主要问题之一。以金沙江上游溪洛渡水库区为例,结合PALSAR-2、TerraSAR-X数据,评价Sentinel-1 SAR数据在西南山区水库变形斜坡InSAR监测中的适用性,以理论结合实际结果分析Sentinel-1数据是否可以在一定条件下替代其他商业数据,为今后相关行业应用提供参考。结果显示:Sentinel-1数据在研究区可解译的变形斜坡约200处,类型有滑坡、危岩体和塌岸;经现场核查,Sentinel-1数据解译的最小变形斜坡投影面积约为2400 m2,约35 m(长)×77 m(宽)大小,共16个变形像元聚集。高山峡谷区叠掩、阴影现象严重,通过对雷达常用观测模式下的SAR数据的比较,在SAR数据交集区域,有效观测面积为Sentinel-1升轨70.3%,Sentinel-1降轨68.9%,PALSAR-2升轨70.4%,PALSAR-2降轨67.6%,TerraSAR-X降轨52.5%,在不考虑分辨率的情况下,在库区Sentinel-1数据与其他两种SAR数据观测能力相比持平或更优秀。6月至11月初是溪洛渡水库的水位上升期,周边植被发育较好,造成数据相干性较差,2017年后Sentinel-1A(1B)双星拍摄获取的SAR数据量增加,高频观测可使相干性提高,利用2017年后该卫星数据可有效识别水库蓄—排水周期内的区域性变形斜坡发育变化情况。当长时间缺失SAR数据时,会造成最近一对SAR数据间的某些像元测量的变形超过其InSAR最大量程,解缠时丢失相位周期。Sentinel-1数据由于连续性较好,监测斜坡的变形趋势较为连续,因此更适合连续小变形的趋势识别。      

Rapid flash flood calamity in Chamoli,Uttarakhand region during Feb 2021: an analysis based on satellite data

Natural Hazards - The present study investigates the accelerating factors for extreme flash flood at Chamoli district of Uttarakhand on 7 February 2021. The Sentinel-2A and 2B satellite data have...     

一种分布式地理元数据同步机制

在分布式环境中,各个结点通常需要共享使用其他结点的地理元数据.为了能够实现结点间地理元数据的相互共享,又能够保证每个结点具有较高的独立性与自治性,基于“国土资源信息集成与共享平台机制”项目,自行设计消息队列,提出了一种基于XML (extensible markup language) Web服务的数据同步机制.通过该同步机制,弱化了中心和结点的概念,实现了物理结构模式下无中心的架构,使得各个结点之间能够主动进行数据同步共享,存储同一数据的不同副本,从而较好地达到了数据同步的目标.      

基于XML的岩芯信息元数据标准研究与实践

目前岩芯信息表述尚没有统一的格式,严重阻碍了岩芯信息资源的利用,造成了资源浪费。为提高岩芯信息利用率,方便用户和其他软件共享岩芯信息,必须规范其组织、存储和交换数据格式,并提供相应的技术实现手段通过软件自动保存、解析岩芯信息。文章参照国内外相关资料及技术标准,创建了岩芯信息元数据标准,应用XML技术生成与元数据标准对应的XSD文件,并在应用程序中成功使用,当用户交互岩芯信息时,生成符合XSD格式要求的XML数据文件传送信息,不同用户可以正确解析岩芯信息。通过应用岩芯信息元数据标准,规范了数字化岩芯信息组织、存储和交换,采用XML技术由软件自动实现,大大提高了用户工作效率,方便了岩芯信息的共享,充分发挥了岩芯信息的价值。     

Use of standard vocabulary services in validation of water resources data described in XML

The machine readable encoding language XML is used in water informatics to describe resources and observational data, such as the Water Data Transfer Format (WDTF). WDTF is part of an Australian initiative, established by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in collaboration with CSIRO, to collate water resources data from multiple data providers into a national water information system. A common way of validating XML data is by defining a schema using XML Schema Definition language (XSD) and performing validation using standard XSD tools. However, XSD validation lacks the ability to perform content validation to assert context, domain and organizational rules such as soft-typing, co-constraints, and code-list or vocabulary checking, which is required in the validation of WDTF data. In this paper, we describe a validation service for validating water resources data encoded in WDTF, which combines structural and content validation. We also describe the use of a vocabulary service with the WDTF validation service to perform code-list and vocabulary checking.     

Transformation of fuzzy spatiotemporal data from XML to object-oriented database

The rapid development of the Internet promotes that XML is increasingly accepted as a medium for integrating and exchanging data. Meanwhile, object-oriented database with many excellent properties has been applied more and more widely. In particular, considering the need of processing the fuzzy spatiotemporal data existing in practical applications, we study the methodology of building fuzzy spatiotemporal data model and transforming fuzzy spatiotemporal data from XML to object-oriented database as well. To establish a suitable model, we devise a fuzzy spatiotemporal data model in XML to capture the semantics of fuzzy spatiotemporal features. In addition, we take the object-oriented schema that best describes the exciting fuzzy XML Schema and the characteristics of the XML tree structure into account to develop a series of rules to map spatiotemporal data from XML to object-oriented database. Such mapping rules could provide a significant consolidation of the interoperability of fuzzy spatiotemporal data from XML to object-oriented databases.     

Verification of Remote Sensing Data for Determining the Nature of Hydrocarbons (a Case Study of the Barents Sea)

Doklady Earth Sciences - Using the remote sensing data obtained by the Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B satellites in the years 2016–2021, a local accumulation of oil slicks in the Barents Sea in...     

XML Web Service及其在地球数据共享中的应用研究

地球科学研究产生了大量的地球数据，其特点决定了地球数据共享的必要性。分析了网络化过程中地球数据共享存在的若干问题，介绍了XML Web Service及其相关技术．提出了基于XML Web Service的地球数据共享模型。在VS．NET中对XML Web Service在地球数据共享的应用进行了测试．指出XML Web Service是未来实现全球级的地球数据共享应用的理想选择。     

GPX数据在物探勘查项目设计中的应用

GPX是GPS数据中一种较小的XML数据格式,通常手持GPS机保存的都是GPX数据。将物探工程中的测网数据以GPX数据格式建立地理坐标系统,并在谷歌地球影像中展现出来,可以直接观察测线中各点位的地形、地貌特征,提前对恶劣地形条件区段作出应对措施和调整预案。文章举例说明GPX数据在物探勘查项目设计中的应用过程。     

Earth system curator: metadata infrastructure for climate modeling

The Earth System Curator is a National Science Foundation sponsored project developing a metadata formalism for describing the digital resources used in climate simulations. The primary motivating observation of the project is that a simulation/model’s source code plus the configuration parameters required for a model run are a compact representation of the dataset generated when the model is executed. The end goal of the project is a convergence of models and data where both resources are accessed uniformly from a single registry. In this paper we review the current metadata landscape of the climate modeling community, present our work on developing a metadata formalism for describing climate models, and reflect on technical challenges we have faced that require new research in the area of Earth Science Informatics.     

基于高分二号卫星数据的煤矿区地质灾害信息提取研究

随着遥感数据获取技术和能力的全面提高,遥感数据呈现出明显的大数据特征。发展适应于遥感大数据的智能分析和信息挖掘技术,成为当前遥感技术研究的前沿。高分二号（GF-2）卫星数据是我国首颗自主研发的亚米级高分辨率卫星数据,具有观测幅宽、重访周期短、高辐射精度、高定位精度等优势,为未来我国地质灾害的长期、动态地监测和研究提供了高精度、稳定可靠的数据源。本文选取安徽谢桥煤矿2015年1月8日的GF-2卫星影像为研究数据,在对煤矿区主要地质灾害遥感地学分析的基础上,采用面向对象的影像分析方法对研究区由采煤活动所诱发的地质灾害信息进行自动提取。结果表明：利用GF-2卫星数据能够有效地识别地质灾害体的位置、范围、形态等空间分布特征;面向对象的自动提取方法对于煤矿区大面积的积水塌陷盆地、小规模的塌陷坑和线性的地裂缝都有很高的提取精度,识别精度达90% 以上;基于逐层剔除的思路构建的提取规则,为GF-2数据在地质灾害调查和大数据分析中的应用提供了很好的技术支持,也为其它地物目标的提取提供了参考,但在特征的选择和阈值的设定上需要具体分析。     

DUST: An interactive data visualization tool for selected atmospheric data

This paper describes the DUST-2 (Data Utilization software Tools) software, which is a possibility in visualizing and processing ozone and water vapor data of the Earth atmosphere as measured by satellite instruments (TOMS, GOME, MAS) and provided by different data centers. In addition, a new search tool (S⁴ tool) which allows to search for comparable ozone and water vapor data in four dimensions (location and time) within the DUST-2 data base and a hdf2csv conversion tool are represented. The software package as well as complementary information and data examples are published on CD-ROM (“Data Utilization Software Tools — 2”, DUST-2, Hartmann et al. 2000) under ISBN 3-9804862-3-0 which is available via www.copernicus.org.     

SHRIMPDB: a new geoanalytical database for U-Th-Pb geochronological data from SHRIMP measurements

This paper introduces a novel web-based database, SHRIMPDB, to support the efficient reutilization of U-Th-Pb geochronological data from sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) measurements. In order to provide complete data content that can be reutilized by Earth scientists, a new data model containing analytical data and relevant sample metadata is proposed according to analyses of measurement procedures and the data characteristics of SHRIMP. Vivid data visualization, real-time data query interfaces (including a novel and intuitive polygonal region search), and a pragmatic data management module are designed and implemented using web-based and cloud GIS-based technologies, which provide a platform for Earth scientists to efficiently curate and share SHRIMP data on the internet. An incentive that encourages geochronologists to contribute data is suggested through cooperation between SHRIMPDB and the Beijing SHRIMP center. The database is currently under evaluation at the Beijing SHRIMP center. SHRIMPDB is globally available online at http://202.198.17.27/shrimpdb/home.     

基于野外资料和Google Earth影像的地质信息识别与提取方法——以塔里木盆地西克尔奥陶系古岩溶露头为例

以塔里木盆地西克尔奥陶系古岩溶露头为研究对象,根据高精度GPS野外定点和Google Earth影像数据的结合,明确了岩溶地质现象在影像图上的响应特征,进而提取定量化的古岩溶信息数据,经过数据处理建立了古岩溶地质模型。本项研究证实了基于野外资料和Google Earth影像的地质信息识别与提取方法的可行性,也表明了该方法能够实现对未开展露头考察的影像图直接提取相应地质信息和采集定量化数据。通过利用这些数据建立岩溶储层地质模型,结合野外资料,综合分析岩溶储层发育的控制因素,进而客观地理解地下岩溶储层特征及分布规律,能够为勘探开发提供有效指导。     

Google Earth and Google Fusion Tables in support of time-critical collaboration: Mapping the deepwater horizon oil spill with the AVIRIS airborne spectrometer

Web interfaces have made remote sensing image resources more accessible and interactive. However, many web-based and Digital Earth opportunities for remote sensing have not yet been fully explored and could greatly facilitate scientific collaboration. In many cases, these resources can augment traditional proprietary software packages, which can have limited flexibility, spatiotemporal controls, and data synthesis abilities. In this paper, we discuss how web services and Google Earth were used for time-critical geovisualizations of the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Deepwater Horizon oil spill imaging campaign. In particular, we describe how (1) AVIRIS Google Earth products were used to visualize the spatial and temporal characteristics of the campaign’s image acquisitions, critically needed for flight planning, (2) the Google Fusion Table cloud-based service was applied to create a highly-interactive image archive and mapping display, and (3) the Google Fusion Table API was utilized to create a flexible PHP-based interface for metadata creation and as the basis for an interactive data catalog. Although there are other possible software and programming approaches to these activities, we highlight freely-accessible and flexible solutions and bring attention to the newly introduced Google Fusion Tables as a collaborative scientific platform.