华北克拉通～2.7Ga的BIF:来自莱州-昌邑地区含铁建造的年代学证据

越来越多的研究资料显示~2.7Ga是华北克拉通陆壳生长的一个重要阶段,但缺少同时期的世界主要克拉通上广泛发育的BIF铁矿。胶北莱州-昌邑地区的BIF铁矿赋存在原划分的粉子山群小宋组含铁建造中,含铁建造的岩石组合主要为黑云斜长变粒岩、斜长角闪岩、含石榴黑云片岩夹角闪磁铁石英岩,磁铁浅粒岩。岩石地球化学分析显示,斜长角闪岩具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特点,变质酸性火山岩具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特点,故推测莱州-昌邑地区的含铁建造形成于与岛弧相关的构造环境,而与粉子山群形成的裂谷构造背景无关。锆石同位素年代学研究表明,含铁建造中变质酸性火山岩(埃达克质火山岩)的岩浆结晶年龄为2726±10Ma,在变质泥砂岩中获得了~2.73Ga和~2.9Ga两组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄,并缺少新太古代晚期(~2.5Ga)的构造岩浆热事件信息;在斜长角闪岩中获得的变质锆石年龄为~1850Ma,并有2.68Ga的继承或捕获锆石年龄信息;因此推断莱州-昌邑地区的BIF铁建造有可能形成于新太古代早期(~2.7Ga),而在新太古代晚期(~2.5Ga)则处于相对稳定的构造背景。含铁建造被~2.17Ga的二长花岗岩侵入,并共同卷入胶北古元古代晚期(~1.85Ga)的变质变形作用改造。莱州-昌邑地区含铁建造的岩石组合和锆石年龄信息与胶北地块栖霞地区比较有所不同,这可能揭示出胶北地块在新太古代早期(~2.7Ga)构造环境差异和古板块构造演化的重要信息。     

论华北克拉通南缘霍邱群变质作用、形成时代及霍邱BIF铁矿成矿机制

安徽霍邱铁矿位于华北克拉通南缘,是一个大型BIF铁矿田,矿体均赋存于一套新太古代中高级变质作用的含铁建造中,自下而上可分为A+B矿带和D矿带:前者为变粒岩-片岩-磁铁石英岩建造;后者为片岩-大理岩-赤铁(镜)铁石英岩建造.本文利用现有的矿床勘查、物化探和地质科研资料,对该矿田的地质背景、矿体赋存条件、构造型式进行深入剖析,推断矿区周边及深部构造格局与控矿因素,研究分析霍邱铁矿含铁岩系特征,进行含矿层位的准确划分、厘定和对比,深入研究含铁岩系的平面分布范围和延深,对矿田控矿构造进行综合分析.运用LA-ICP-MS技术获得霍邱群斜长角闪岩最老年龄为2.8Ga左右,代表原岩形成年代.同时获得晚期混合花岗岩的侵入年龄为1.8Ga左右.通过Hf同位素测定,获得各变质岩系锆石的Hf同位素组成,表明最老的锆石Hf模式年龄可达3.5Ca前后.根据区域年代学资料和霍邱铁矿含铁岩系特征,本文正式提出“霍颍运动”这一概念,作为皖西北新太古代2.7Ga前后在霍邱-颍上-寿县-蒙城一带发生的构造事件和成矿作用,以区别于以往沿用蚌埠运动描述本区霍邱群变质作用和成矿事件的提法.最后结合本区含铁建造特征,初步判定霍邱铁矿为一种介于阿尔戈玛和苏必利尔型之间的过渡类型铁建造.     

华北克拉通怀安杂岩中早前寒武纪两期变质表壳岩的重新厘定:岩石学及锆石U-Pb年代学证据

华北克拉通怀安杂岩中早前寒武纪变质表壳岩具有变质程度深（麻粒岩相）、连续性差、变形及构造置换强烈等特征,地层划分及形成时代一直存在较大争议.通过详细的地质调查、岩石学及年代学研究,新厘定出新太古代桑干岩群铁英岩岩组、石榴黑云片麻岩岩组以及古元古代集宁岩群黄土窑岩组石榴高压基性麻粒岩-大理岩岩段和含石墨矽线石榴片麻岩-变粒岩-大理岩岩段4套变质表壳岩单元,并建立了相应的岩石学识别标志.新太古代变质表壳岩一般呈透镜体或带状体产出于新太古代变质深成岩中,且锆石年龄存在~2.5 Ga和~1.8 Ga两个峰值.铁英岩岩组原岩为一套基性火山岩夹磁铁石英岩建造,产出阿尔戈马型BIF铁矿,形成年龄为2 489±19 Ma;石榴黑云片麻岩岩组主体岩石为条带状石榴黑云斜长片麻岩,原岩为杂砂岩建造,物源来自新太古代TTG岩石.古元古代石榴高压基性麻粒岩-大理岩岩段原岩为一套基性火山岩夹大理岩建造,形成年龄早于~2.03 Ga;含石墨矽线石榴片麻岩-变粒岩-大理岩岩段野外呈带状构造岩片体产出,连续性较好,为一套"有层无序"的孔兹岩组合,碎屑锆石年龄介于2.30~1.99 Ga,与区域上孔兹岩年龄结构一致,形成时代为古元古代晚期（1.99~1.95 Ga）.新太古代和古元古代变质表壳岩均卷入古元古代末期的造山过程（1.95~1.80 Ga）,遭受麻粒岩相变质与变形作用.区内孔兹岩可能是造山过程卷入的构造岩片.本研究进一步明确了晋冀蒙交界地区存在与孔兹岩不同的新太古代陆源碎屑岩和古元古代洋壳残片,这对重新认识本区早前寒武纪地质演化具有重要意义.      

大兴安岭绿林林场一带兴华渡口岩群原岩恢复及大地构造环境探讨

兴华渡口岩群作为额尔古纳地块的基底,其变质年龄、原岩类型及大地构造背景一直是地质学家关注的热点。以大兴安岭北段绿林林场一带兴华渡口岩群作为研究对象,利用锆石U-Pb同位素测年限定了原岩的变质时代,结合岩相学与地球化学综合分析方法开展原岩恢复,并进一步讨论了其形成的大地构造背景。研究认为兴华渡口岩群主要由斜长角闪岩类、浅粒岩类、变粒岩类和石英岩类组成;斜长角闪岩类原岩为基性火山岩,浅粒岩类原岩为英安质凝灰岩,石英岩和变粒岩原岩为泥质粉砂岩;斜长角闪岩类亏损非活动性微量元素Ta、Nd、P,大地构造环境属岛弧环境;浅粒岩类主要亏损Ta、Nd、P、Sr、Ti等元素,形成于大陆边缘造山带环境。绿林林场一带兴华渡口岩群的变质年龄下限为774.1±3.8 Ma。      

赞皇杂岩官都岩群时代与物源——来自黑云变粒岩与石英岩碎屑锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素与稀土元素组成的约束

官都岩群是华北克拉通中部造山带赞皇杂岩中重要的变质火山-沉积岩系,经历了高绿片岩相-高角闪岩相变质,准确限定其沉积时代与物质来源对探究中部造山带新太古代-古元古代构造演化过程具有重要意义。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS(多接收激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪)与TIMA(矿物自动分析系统)对官都岩群中黑云变粒岩与石英岩进行了锆石矿物包体、U-Pb-Hf同位素与稀土元素原位分析。根据碎屑锆石内部矿物包体组成、阴极发光图像特征与U-Pb年龄结果,认为黑云变粒岩与石英岩中碎屑锆石中最年轻一组的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb谐和年龄分别为2 544 Ma或2 536 Ma,大致限定了其原岩的最老沉积时代,结合区内黄岔花岗岩岩体侵入官都岩群的野外地质关系,推测官都岩群沉积时代为新太古代末期,并非古元古代。官都岩群黑云变粒岩与石英岩碎屑锆石年龄图谱十分相似,最主要的峰值年龄为2 512 Ma,结合碎屑锆石内部矿物包体与结构特征,认为官都岩群主要物源为新太古代晚期中酸性岩浆岩。两阶段锆石Hf模式年龄揭示2 850～2 700 Ma为赞皇杂岩最强烈的地壳生长阶段。综合本文...     

胶东昌邑地区新太古代石英岩的锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

基底古老地层的研究可以为探索地球早期陆壳形成与演化历史提供重要支持,胶东地区是华北克拉通变质基底重要的出露区之一,在胶北地体的西缘有一套高成熟度的古老石英岩-山阳村石英岩,前人将其划归古元古代粉子山群的小宋组,但缺乏明确的年代学限定。本文对山阳村石英岩的碎屑锆石进行U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素分析,获得年龄谱的最大峰值为2501±16Ma,且是最小峰值年龄。与古元古的粉子山群和中元古的芝罘群的碎屑锆石年龄谱均不同。综合年龄谱特征、野外产状以及岩石组合,本文认为山阳村石英岩是新太古代的岩石建造,建议为其单独建立新太古代岩石地层单位。结合本次研究及前人工作本文认为应将原粉子山群小宋组划到太古代归属胶东岩群。山阳村石英岩中,~2.5Ga锆石Hf同位素εHf(t)0且从下方靠近亏损地幔演化线并在~2.7Ga地壳演化线附近分布,显示其原岩来自~2.7Ga新生地壳的重熔;ca.2.7~3.0Ga的锆石Hf同位素εHf(t)0且在~3.1Ga地壳演化线附近,意味着其母岩的源区为~3.1Ga的新生地壳,且在ca.2.7~3.0Ga发生了持续的地壳再熔融;3.0Ga碎屑锆石的Hf同位素εHf(t)0,源区岩石形成于更古老陆壳物质的再循环。已知的胶北地块3.0Ga锆石的Hf同位素特征暗示华北克拉通在4.1Ga前就存在地壳,而且在~4.1Ga发生了重熔。     

扬子陆核区白竹坪火山岩建造形成时代的重新厘定——来自LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学的证据

分布于扬子陆核区北缘的白竹坪火山岩—次火山岩建造为一套变酸性凝灰岩、酸性晶屑岩屑凝灰岩、流纹岩(或安山流纹岩)、次流纹斑岩的岩石组合,部分层位变质为含黄铁矿绢云板岩、含黄铁矿纳长浅粒岩。前人依据地层接触关系,将其归于青白口系,作为扬子陆核区新元古代早期的沉积建造。于北崆岭大树垭地区该火山岩建造层型剖面上分别采集了含石榴变质流纹斑岩(次流纹斑岩)和黑云二长变粒岩(变酸性晶屑凝灰岩)两个样品,并进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学测定。结果表明,次流纹斑岩加权平均年龄为1852±16 Ma,而黑云二长变粒岩的年龄一组为代表其成岩年龄的1856±24 Ma,另一组为加权平均年龄为1959±11Ma,属带入的围岩锆石年龄。因此,白竹坪火山岩建造的形成时代应归为古元古代,与华山观岩体、圈椅埫岩体、殷家坪基性岩脉等Columbia超大陆裂解事件记录基本同期。黑云二长变粒岩中带入围岩的锆石可能与黄陵地区巴山寺片麻岩为同一期次岩浆活动的产物。     

东秦岭陡岭杂岩中存在新太古代物质组成——SHRIMP锆石U—Pb和Sm—Nd年代学证据

出露于豫、陕交界处的陡岭杂岩是秦岭造山带中一个不大的构造岩块 ,它可能是在 1.95～ 2 .10Ga期间由于构造作用将不同时代、不同源区的岩石组合叠置在一起而形成的。出露在其西部的透辉变粒岩的 TDM为 2 .6 7～ 2 .76 Ga,残余锆石 SHRIMP年龄为 2 .5～ 2 .6 Ga,表明透辉变粒岩的物质主要来自新太古代 ,基本没有或少有太古宙以后的陆壳物质混合 ,同时也说明透辉变粒岩的原岩形成时在其附近应该有新太古代岩块存在。     

登封地区早前寒武纪地壳演化－地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学制约

河南中部登封地区早前寒武纪基底主要由新太古代登封群、古元古代嵩山群和早前寒武纪花岗质岩石组成。登封群主要由斜长角闪岩、角闪变粒岩、黑云变粒岩、云母石英片岩及少量磁铁石英岩（BIF）等组成,变质原岩为主要基性火山岩、中酸性火山岩和碎屑沉积岩。3个登封群变质酸性火山岩样品给出2.51～2.53 Ga岩浆锆石年龄,存在2.61～2.69 Ga残余锆石。它们高SiO2,tDM(Nd)和εNd(t)分别为2.52～2.79 Ga和0.51～4.41。嵩山群主要由石英岩和片岩组成,绿片岩相变质。嵩山群石英岩碎屑锆石年龄峰值为2.5 Ga,与华北克拉通孔兹岩系变泥沙质岩石中存在大量2.1～2.3 Ga碎屑锆石明显不同。石英岩中可靠的最年轻碎屑锆石年龄为2.45 Ga,部分碎屑锆石年龄大于2.65 Ga,最大达3.26 Ga。会善寺奥长花岗岩、大塔寺英云闪长岩、路家沟钾质花岗岩和石秤二长花岗岩形成时代分别为2.55 Ga、2.53 Ga、2.51 Ga和1.78 Ga,会善寺奥长花岗岩中存在2621～2638 Ma残余锆石,并有～2.51 Ga变质增生边存在。花岗质岩石在元素地球化学组成上存在较大变化,但具有类似Nd同位素组成,tDM(Nd)为2.60～2.80 Ga（钾质花岗岩样品除外）。根据研究,可得出如下结论和认识：1）登封群形成于新太古代末期（2.51～2.53 Ga）,与前人认识一致。2）不同类型花岗质岩石,与登封群表壳岩一道,形成于一个相对较小的时间范围（2.50～2.55 Ga）,结合岩石组合和地球化学组成特征,推测其形成与板底垫托作用有关。3）在岩石组合和形成时代等方面,五台和箕山地区花岗绿岩带与登封地区的十分类似,可能为同一大型花岗绿岩带的不同部分。4）可把嵩山群形成时代限制在2.0～2.45 Ga之间,与五台地区高凡群（2.14～2.47 Ga）或滹沱群（2.08～2.14 Ga）对比。5）石秤花岗岩是华北克拉通古元古代之后拉张构造体制下壳内岩浆作用的产物。     

登封地区早前寒武纪地壳演化—地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学制约

河南中部登封地区早前寒武纪基底主要由新太古代登封群、古元古代嵩山群和早前寒武纪花岗质岩石组成.登封群主要由斜长角闪岩、角闪变粒岩、黑云变粒岩、云母石英片岩及少量磁铁石英岩(BIF)组成,变质原岩主要为基性火山岩、中酸性火山岩和碎屑沉积岩.3个登封群变质酸性火山岩样品给出2.51～2.53 Ga岩浆锆石年龄,存在2.61～2.69 Ga残余锆石.它们高SiO2,tDM(Nd)和εNd(t)分别为2.52～2.79 Ga和0.51～4.41.嵩山群主要由石英岩和片岩组成,经受绿片岩相变质.石英岩碎屑锆石年龄峰值为2.5 Ga,与华北克拉通孔兹岩系变泥砂质岩石中存在大量2.1～2.3 Ga碎屑锆石明显不同.石英岩中可靠的最年轻碎屑锆石年龄为2.45 Ga,部分碎屑锆石年龄大于2.65 Ga,最大达3.26 Ga.会善寺奥长花岗岩、大塔寺英云闪长岩、路家沟钾质花岗岩和石秤二长花岗岩形成时代分别为2.55 Ga、2.53 Ga、2.51 Ga和1.78 Ga,会善寺奥长花岗岩中存在2621～2638 Ma残余锆石,并有～2.51 Ga变质增生边存在.花岗质岩石在元素地球化学组成上存在较大变化,但具有类似Nd同位素组成,tDM(Nd)为2.60～2.80 Ga(钾质花岗岩样品除外).根据研究,可得出如下结论和认识:①登封群形成于新太古代末期(2.51～2.53 Ga),与前人认识一致.②不同类型花岗质岩石,与登封群表壳岩一道,形成于一个相对较小的时间范围(2.50～2.55 Ga),结合岩石组合和地球化学组成特征,推测其形成与板底垫托作用有关.③在岩石组合和形成时代等方面,五台和箕山地区花岗绿岩带与登封地区的十分类似,可能为同一大型花岗绿岩带的不同部分.④可把嵩山群形成时代限制在2.0～2.45 Ga之间,与五台地区高凡群(2.14～2.47 Ga)或滹沱群(2.08～2.14 Ga)对比.⑤石秤花岗岩是华北克拉通古元古代之后拉张构造体制下壳内岩浆作用的产物.     

东阿拉善地块诺尔公群石英岩的碎屑锆石年龄特征——物源区制约及其地质意义

传统上将阿拉善地块东部变质基底"阿拉善岩群"之上的一套以石英岩、浅粒岩、碳酸盐岩及碎屑岩为主的浅变质地层称为诺尔公群,并根据区域地层对比及叠层石化石将其归为"长城纪"。为进一步限定地层时代,对诺尔公群底部3件石英岩进行LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得的年龄主要集中在2 530~2 500 Ma和1 950~1 850 Ma两个年龄段内,另外还获得少量年龄为~1.69 Ga、~2.0 Ga、~2.15 Ga、~2.35 Ga、~2.7 Ga和~3.4 Ga的锆石。其中,最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄限定了诺尔公群底部石英岩的沉积时代晚于1.69 Ga,结合上覆地层的年龄数据将诺尔公群的沉积时代大致限定为1.69~1.29 Ga,肯定了阿拉善地块存在中元古代地层。石英岩中~2.5 Ga和~1.95 Ga两个显著的碎屑锆石年龄峰符合典型的华北克拉通物源区特征,因此认为,阿拉善地块在太古代-中元古代具有与华北克拉通相似的构造环境,是华北克拉通的一部分。     

SHRIMP data on zircons from the Wanzi series: Constraints on the rock formation time and implications of migmatization at 2.1–2.0 Ga in the Fuping Complex,North China Craton

In most of the rocks of the Fuping Complex in the Trans-North China Orogen, a large quantity of leucocratic veins, dykes and granitic intrusions are present as migmatites. The incongruent partial melting of biotite to hornblende suggests the water-fluxed anatexis of the migmatization of which the melt is manifested by the euhedral crystallization of some quartzofeldspathic minerals and presence of albite rim on earlier plagioclase or K-feldspar. Importantly, some melt may be segregated in the sillimanite gneisses or extracted and injected as faint dispersed melt into the competent metasedimentary quartzite of the Wanzi series rocks. The quartzite has plenty of zircon ages cluster at c 2.5 Ga and some at c 2.1–2.0 Ga, the former may be detrital zircon age, while the latter represents the age of migmatization or crystallization of the injected melt, not detrital zircon ages as conventionally believed. The data have constrained that the sedimentation time of the protolith of the quartzite of the Wanzi series was between c 2.5 Ga and c 2.1–2.0 Ga, not younger than c 2.1–2.0 Ga as once proposed. Therefore it must be cautious in applying detrital zircon ages in constraining the time of sedimentation if the rocks have undergone middle-high grade metamorphism, especially when migmatization was involved in the metamorphism process.     

Provenance of metasedimentary rocks of the Western Pernambuco-Alagoas Domain: Contribution to understand the crustal evolution of southern Borborema Province

The Borborema Province is a complex neoproterozoic orogen in northeastern Brazil, made of a mosaic of fault-bounded terrains and several metassedimentary sequences. In the present work, new zircon U–Pb provenance data for metasedimentary rocks in the Western Pernambuco-Alagoas Domain, southern part of the Province, are reported. Detrital zircon ages range from Archean to Neoproterozoic. Three samples of the Cabrobó Complex were investigated: (i) sillimanite-kyanite-garnet-biotite schist, which presented mostly Ediacaran and Cryogenian detrital zircon ages (youngest zircon at ca. 554 Ma) indicating erosion of neoproterozoic sources, (ii) garnet-biotite schist, which has a dominant Tonian/Stenian population, a less abundant Cryogenian (youngest zircon age at ca. 643 Ma) as well as Paleoproterozoic and Archean zircon grains, and (iii) tourmaline-muscovite quartzite, which contains detrital zircon varying in age between ca. 2.08 Ga and 1.57 Ga, and an abundant population close to the Meso/Paleoproterozoic boundary, possibly associated with the erosion of rocks formed during the Statherian taphrogenesis, known in the central part of the São Francisco Craton as well as in other areas of the Borborema Province. Two samples of the Riacho Seco Metasedimentary Complex were also investigated: (i) a biotite schist with a dominant population presenting ages mostly between 2.3 and 2.7 Ga (youngest zircon age at ca. 2023 Ma) and (ii) a magnetite-biotite-muscovite quartzite, having detrital zircon grains with ages ranging between ca. 1.9 and 2.7 Ga. The sedimentary rocks of the Riacho Seco Complex may have their origin related to the erosion of sources within the São Francisco Craton. The data for the Riacho Seco metasedimentary rocks, however, are not conclusive with respect to the depositional age of the original sedimentary rocks. The sequence might represent exposure of an old (Paleoproterozoic) sedimentary pile or, alternatively, it comprises a neoproterozoic passive margin sequence, with the original sediments derived from the erosion of the cratonic areas to the south.     

Zircon U–Pb age constraints on the Paleoproterozoic sedimentary basement of the Ediacaran Porongos Group,Sul-Riograndense Shield,southern Brazil

Thick quartzites record significant information on cratonic environments during long geological periods. The capacity to resist weathering and deformation turn the quartzite covers especially useful in the provenance studies of Precambrian basins. Provenance of 194 detrital zircon grains from two samples of thick quartzite cover on the Paleoproterozoic Encantadas Complex displays mostly Paleoproterozoic (95%) and minor Archean (5%) sources. The results indicate that sediments were derived from the La Plata Craton with the maximum depositional age at 2.03 Ga possibly up to 1.7 Ga. In comparison, the adjacent Porongos Group has provenance data of 61 detrital zircon grains indicating mostly Mesoproterozoic (69%), subordinately Paleoproterozoic (26%) and minor Archean ages (5%). Considering previous published data, the Porongos Group is Ediacaran in age and probably chronocorrelated with sedimentary basins from the Tandilia Belt (Argentina). Therefore, the quartzite cover and the Porongos Group require distinct evolution in time and in tectonic environment.     

Peri-Gondwanan origin and early geodynamic history of NE Sicily: A zircon tale from the basement of the Peloritani Mountains

The ages of detrital zircon grains from one paragneiss and inherited zircon cores from two augen gneisses from the amphibolite facies basement of the Peloritani Mountains (southern Italy) measured by SHRIMP U–Pb constrain the previously unknown deposition age of the original sediments and help to elaborate a model for their provenance and subsequent evolution. The deposition age is latest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian (~ 545 Ma), bracketed by the combined ages of the youngest detrital/inherited zircon populations and of zircon from virtually coeval granitoids that intrude the metasediments. This is consistent with the subgreenschist facies Palaeozoic volcano–sedimentary sequences exposed in the southern Peloritani Mountains being the original cover rocks of the northern Peloritani late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian basement. The age spectra of the detrital/inherited zircon grains show that the Neoproterozoic/Cambrian sediments were derived from the erosion of sources dominated by Neoproterozoic rocks with ages in the range of 0.85–0.54 Ga, with other main components aged 1.1–0.9 and ~ 2.7–2.4 Ga, and a minor one aged ~ 1.6 Ga, as typically found in peri-Gondwanan terranes. The presence of a large amount of Grenvillian-aged zircon contradicts previous models that propose a West African affinity for the Calabria–Peloritani Terrane, and the absence of 2.2–1.9 Ga Trans Amazonian/Tapajós–Parima/Eburnean zircon rules out an Amazonian provenance. The age spectra are more consistent with the basement sediments having an East African origin, similar to that of the early Palaeozoic sandstones in southern Israel and Jordan, part of a “provenance regionality” shared with other terranes currently located in the eastern Mediterranean area.     

Stages and conditions of metamorphism of mafic granulites in the Early Precambrian complex of the Angara–Kan terrane (southwestern Siberian Craton)

We present results of study of mineral assemblages and PT-conditions of metamorphism of mafic garnet–two-pyroxene and two-pyroxene granulites in the Early Precambrian metamorphic complex of the Angara–Kan terrane as well as the U–Pb age and trace-element and Lu–Hf isotope compositions of zircon from these rocks and the zircon/garnet REE distribution coefficients. The temperatures of metamorphism of two-pyroxene granulites are estimated as 800–870 to ~ 900 °C. Mafic garnet–two-pyroxene granulites contain garnet coronas formed at 750–860 °C and 8–9.5 kbar. The formation of the garnet coronas proceeded probably at the retrograde stage during cooling and was controlled by the rock composition. The age (1.92–1.94 Ga) of zircon cores, which retain the REE pattern typical of magmatic zircon, can be taken as the minimum age of protolith for the mafic granulites. The metamorphic zircon generation in the mafic granulites is represented by multifaceted or soccerball crystals and rims depleted in Y, MREE, and HREE compared to the cores. The age of metamorphic zircon in the garnet–two-pyroxene (~ 1.77 Ga) and two-pyroxene granulites (~ 1.85 and 1.78 Ga) indicates two episodes of high-temperature metamorphism. The presence of one generation (1.77 Ga) of metamorphic zircon in the garnet–two-pyroxene granulites and, on the contrary, the predominance of 1.85 Ga zircon in the two-pyroxene granulites with single garnet grains suggest that the formation of the garnet coronas proceeded at the second stage of metamorphism. The agreement between the zircon/garnet HREE distribution coefficients and the experimentally determined values at 800 °C suggests the simultaneous formation of ~ 1.77 Ga metamorphic zircon and garnet. Zircon formation by dissolution/reprecipitation or recrystallization in a closed system without exchange with the rock matrix is confirmed by the close ranges of ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf values for the core and rims. The positive ε_Hf values (up to + 6.2) for the zircon cores suggest that the protolith of mafic granulites are derived from depleted-mantle source. The first stage of metamorphism of the mafic granulites and paragneisses of the Kan complex (1.85–1.89 Ga) ended with the formation of collisional granitoids (1.84 Ga). The second stage (~ 1.77 Ga) corresponds to the intrusion of the second phase of subalkalic leucogranites of the Taraka pluton and charnockites (1.73–1.75 Ga).     

Paleo- to Eoarchean crustal evolution in eastern Hebei,North China Craton: New evidence from SHRIMP U–Pb dating and in-situ Hf isotopic study of detrital zircons from paragneisses

In the Caozhuang complex in eastern Hebei, North China Craton, the Paleo- to Eoarchean crustal evolution was earlier revealed by the preservation of detrital zircon grains older than (or as old as) 3.8 Ga in fuchsite-quartzite. In order to test if the Eoarchean antiquity is also preserved in rocks other than the fuchsite quartzite, we collected two paragneisses, a hornblende gneiss and a garnet–biotite gneiss, from Huangbaiyu village and dated their detrital zircon grains. The zircon dating of the hornblende gneiss yielded concordant ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages ranging from 3684 to 3354 Ma. However, an older date of 3782 Ma with 18% discordancy was also obtained. Detrital zircon grains from the garnet–biotite gneiss gave a similar ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age range, from 3838 to 3342 Ma. The metamorphic domains of the zircon grains from both samples, including the strongly recrystallized cores and rims, recorded an overprinting metamorphism at ca. 2.5 Ga, which correlates with the most widespread tectono-thermal event in the North China Craton. In situ zircon Hf-isotope analyses on the dated zircon grains yielded a wide range of model ages (T_DM1) from 4.0 to 3.3 Ga with corresponding ε_Hf(T) from −36.0 to +4.8. This suggests that the evolution of the crustal segment in this area has involved multiple phases of juvenile crustal addition as well as recycling of older crustal rocks. The new geochronological results imply the presence of a significant amount of Eoarchean crustal fragments in the eastern Hebei area. The sedimentary protoliths of the paragneisses and other high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Caozhuang complex were probably deposited between 3.4 and 2.5 Ga.     

Ages of Detrital Zircon from Siliciclastic Successions South of the São Francisco Craton, Brazil: Implications for the Evolution of Proterozoic Basins

In this work we report ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb LA-ICPMS ages of 152 detrital zircons from lower greenschist facies quartzites from Proterozoic basin successions of the southern border of the São Francisco Craton, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. These are the intracratonic São João del Rei basin, the intraplate continental margin Andrelândia basin, and the Serra do Ouro Grosso sequence, developed on a crystalline basement older than 1.8 Ga, and deformed and metamorphosed during the Brasiliano Orogeny, ca. 0.59–0.50 Ga. The data constrain both the ages of the sources and the interval of sedimentation. The detrital zircons of the Serra do Ouro Grosso sequence were derived predominantly from the erosion of a Neoarchean crust, 2.5–2.8 Ga old, with only one grain showing a Paleoproterozoic age (2, 245±83 Ma) older than the Transamazonian event. Zircons extracted from a shelf quartzite of the lowermost sequence of the São João del Rei basin indicate derivation from the 1.8–2.2 Ga Transamazonian crust, with subordinate contribution from the 2.5–2.9 Ga Archean crust. The 1, 809±41 Ma age is interpreted as the maximum limit for sedimentation in this basin. The results confirm the regional correlation with the Espinhaço Rift successions. The zircons extracted from an autochthonous quartzite of the Andrelândia sequence yielded ages in the 1.0–2.2 Ga range, with a modal class at 1.2–1.3 Ga. Only two of the forty analyzed zircons yield Archean ages. The youngest zircon yields 1, 086±85 Ma. The zircons from the allochthonous quartzite yield ages between 1.0–2.7 Ga, with a modal class at 2.1–2.2 Ga. Only five of 45 analyzed grains yield Archean ages. The youngest zircon has an age of 1, 047±77 Ma. The results indicate that the detrital sediments deposited during the second marine flooding event of the Andrelândia sedimentation were mainly derived from the erosion of Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozic rocks. The 1, 047±77 Ma age is interpreted as the maximum depositional age for the described association.     

中国最老岩石和锆石

在中国大陆的许多地区都已发现大于3.4Ga的锆石和岩石.鞍山是全球仅有几个存在≥3.8Ga岩石的地区之一.它们以不大的规模存在于白家坟、东山、深沟寺杂岩中,由糜棱岩化奥长花岗岩、条带状奥长花岗岩和变质石英闪长岩组成.近年来,在鞍山地区还发现了许多3.7～3.6Ga岩石和锆石.锆石Hf同位素组成表明鞍山地区在3.8～3.6Ga期间存在周期性的地幔添加和陆壳形成.除鞍山外,在中国许多地区的不同类型岩石中也获得了≥3.4Ga锆石,虽然它们大多数都是碎屑和残余成因.(1)华北克拉通冀东铬云母石英岩中3.85～3.55Ga碎屑锆石:(2)华北克拉通信阳中生代火山岩长英质麻粒岩中3.66Ga岩浆锆石;(3)华南克拉通宜昌地区杨子地块新元古代砂岩中3.80Ga碎屑锆石(一颗);(4)华南克拉通华夏地块新元古代一古生代变质沉积岩中3.76～3.6Ga碎屑锆石;(5)西北地区塔里木地块阿克塔什塔格地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩中3.6Ga残余锆石;(6)西秦岭奥陶纪变质火山岩中4.08Ga捕掳锆石(一颗);(7)西藏普兰地区奥陶纪石英岩中4.1Ga碎屑锆石(一颗,有3.61Ga增生边).一些古老锆石有高达4.1～4.0Ga的Hf同位素模式年龄.在中国,>3.4Ga地壳物质的比例以往被低估了,发现冥古宙和始太古代物质的可能性仍然存在,它们将对中国早期陆壳演化提供新的制约.