CB-3记录仪温度控制系统

德都地磁台始建于1976年,用于安装地磁记录仪的记录室是北方台站中唯一的一个纯地上建筑,很难达到《地磁台站观测规范》中对地磁记录室要求的日温差≤0．3℃、年温差≤20℃,特殊地区不大于30℃的标准,特别是最近几年,由于房屋墙体的保温材料下沉,使保温层出现裂缝,造成记录室的日温差、年温差在温度变化明显的季节,都严重超差,从而严重影响本地震台水平分量、垂直分量的基线值精度。为此,我们研制了CB-3磁变仪的温度控制系统(国家地震局,1990;中国地震局,2001)。     

地震流动观测防护罩集成优化与效果分析

为提升地震流动观测质量,适应恶劣条件下野外长期工作,研制集传感器、供电、通讯网络三大模块于一体的流动观测仪器整体防护罩。利用2套GL-PS2一体化短周期地震仪进行对比观测,一套安装于南京台室内基岩观测墩,另一套配备防护罩浅层掩埋于户外。结果表明新型研制的观测仪整体集成防护罩具有以下优点:①保温性能好,内部环境日温差小于3℃,月温度变化小于5℃。②防水性好,经历多次暴雨大雪天气后,防护罩内部干燥,无水滴或结露现象。③台基噪声略优于室内观测墩。④2台设备相关系数垂直向优于水平向,夜晚优于白天。⑤地震记录波形相关系数均在0.6以上,震级越大,相关性越高,且信噪比差距较小。     

磁通门在普通山洞观测数据分析

为了解在普通山洞内放置磁通门磁力仪进行地磁观测的可行性,对泰安地震台观测山洞与地磁观测室并行观测的GM4数据,分别从日变化数据的相关系数、日变幅、日均值、子夜均值、高压直流干扰等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,普通山洞内的观测数据日变幅小于地磁房记录数据,但日变形态、子夜均值等一致性较好,可以作为地磁观测的一种补充方式。     

DCM-1型数字地磁脉动观测系统

DCM-1型数字地磁脉动观测系统,是为开展地磁测深及地磁脉动观测工作而研制的。该系统由高灵敏度磁通门磁力仪、多路数据采集器、盒式磁带记录与回放器,以及时间服务装置等部分组成。系统具有大动态、低噪声、高精度、低功耗,以及操作简单、使用方便等特点。系统可直接与计算机接口,也可直接回放进行模拟恢复。利用该系统进行了多次野外观测,取得了较好的野外观测资料,并显示出比进口的模拟系统能记录到较为丰富的信息。     

日本地磁观测技术概况——国家地震局地球物理所赴日地磁观测技术考察团观感综述

日本地磁观测技术的概况综述,着重介绍了日本地磁台站设置的特点,柿岗地磁台的自动化标准地磁观测系统,日本地磁仪器研制生产的特点,目前使用的情况及其自动化地磁数据处理等内容。     

M-1型数字地磁脉动观测系统<

DCM-1型数字地磁脉动观测系统,是为开展地磁测深及地磁脉动观测工作而研制的.该系统由高灵敏度磁通门磁力仪、多路数据采集器、盒式磁带记录与回放器,以及时间服务装置等部分组成.系统具有大动态、低噪声、高精度、低功耗,以及操作简单、使用方便等特点.系统可直接与计算机接口,也可直接回放进行模拟恢复.利用该系统进行了多次野外观测,取得了较好的野外观测资料,并显示出比进口的模拟系统能记录到较为丰富的信息[1].      

台站地磁观测数据精度提高方法

在当前多种地磁日常数据处理方法基础上,探讨提高地磁观测数据精度的问题.通过使用一种改进的地磁观测基线值计算方法,能有效减小外磁场变化对观测结果的影响,考虑到基线值日变化等因素,使用高阶多项式拟合基线值日变化曲线.利用该方法处理的地磁数据与实测数据进行结果比对后,发现此方法能有效提高地磁观测数据的精度和质量.     

天津地磁房改造中的磁性控制

天津市地震局利用天津市地震安全基础工程,对区域地磁台站的地磁观测室进行改造,拆除原有混凝土浇筑的观测墩及墩基,安装无磁大理石观测墩,拆除原屋顶新建木结构屋顶,对室内进行保温处理.在施工过程中,建筑材料及施工环节的磁性控制是磁房改造的关键环节.     

国产自动化磁通门经纬仪研制

通过激光准直机构、无磁二维旋转机构、二维旋转控制与角度测定等装置的设计,并通过磁通门传感器配置、数据采集与总控装置设计和地磁场偏角与倾角自动算法的研究与实现,构建自动化地磁倾角与偏角自动测量系统原理样机。通过原理样机的实验验证和误差分析,取得地磁绝对观测系统关键技术,为地磁自动化绝对观测系统研制提供技术支撑,突破目前人工观测的限制,为地磁无人值守台站观测模式的发展提供有力保障。     

核旋分量仪中的η角与τ角

在使用核旋分量仪进行地磁绝对观测时,误差来源包含有底盘水平的精度及其稳定性,装置误差,补偿电流的精度及其稳定性等,其中底盘水平的不稳定性是观测误差的主要来源之一。关于这个问题,今后将另作讨论,本文着重讨论在底盘水平已达到精度要求之后,如     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.     

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER ON EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION(IRTCES)

正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and     

Calendar of events

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Dynamic process-response model of river channel development

Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.