准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子凸起原油类型与油源

准噶尔盆地西北缘南部红车断裂带- 车排子凸起油气藏众多,原油物理化学性质和地球化学特征十分复杂,原油类型及其来源长期存在很大争议。本文在准噶尔盆地不同时代烃源岩生成原油典型地球化学特征与主要油源判识指标归纳总结的基础上,对红车断裂带- 车排子凸起原油地球化学特征和来源进行系统分析研究,将该区域原油分为五类,其中三类原油分别来源于二叠系湖相烃源岩、中—下侏罗统煤系烃源岩、古近系安集海河组湖相烃源岩,另外两类为混合原油,分别为来源于二叠系湖相烃源岩的生物降解稠油与中—下侏罗统煤系烃源岩生成的正常原油和古近系湖相烃源岩生成的正常原油的混合原油。红车断裂带石炭系—白垩系油藏原油主要来源于沙湾凹陷二叠系湖相烃源岩,车排子凸起东北部春风油田稠油来源于沙湾凹陷二叠系湖相烃源岩;车排子凸起东侧- 红车断裂带西侧新近系沙湾组油藏轻质原油来源于四棵树凹陷古近系湖相烃源岩;车排子凸起中部春光油田白垩系—古近系油藏稠油为二叠系来源稠油和侏罗系正常原油的混合原油,新近系沙湾组油藏稠油为二叠系来源稠油与新近系正常原油的混合原油;车排子凸起西部石炭系—古近系油藏轻质原油来源于四棵树凹陷中—下侏罗统煤系烃源岩,而新近系沙湾组油藏轻质原油来源于四棵树凹陷古近系湖相烃源岩。本文对准噶尔盆地西北缘南部地区油气藏成藏研究及区域油气勘探决策具有重要参考作用。     

吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油系统的成藏特殊性

通过烃源岩条件、储层特征与原油类型分布及其来源、源-储配置关系的系统分析,分析了准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组上、下段致密油系统的自生自储与层控成藏特征。结果表明,芦草沟组咸水湖相沉积中的不同岩性均有不同含量的原始有机质,其中的泥岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力最高,为主力烃源岩,母质类型具倾油特征,处于生油阶段。位于烃源岩层系内的砂岩类与碳酸盐岩类储集层主要为低孔低渗-致密背景,含油性与物性差异存在密切关系。源-储配置表现为互层和泥包砂特征,具有源、储邻近叠置分布的致密油聚集条件。芦草沟组上、下段的原油物性与地化特征存在明显差异,分别主要来自邻近层段烃源岩。综合研究认为吉木萨尔凹陷内芦草沟组具有就近运移、自生自储的层控致密油成藏模式。     

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷滩海地区奥陶系原油油源分析

近年来渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷的油气勘探取得了重大突破。在滩海区奥陶系古潜山钻遇工业性高产油气流,使奥陶系古潜山成为南堡油田重要勘探目的层之一,但目前对奥陶系主要产油层中油气的来源问题仍存在着不同的认识。通过对奥陶系原油与古近系沙三段、沙一段和东三段3套烃源岩的地球化学特征进行对比研究,并结合奥陶系油气成藏特征,探讨了奥陶系原油的油源。结果表明：南堡油田奥陶系原油生物标志化合物特征和稳定碳同位素组成与沙三段烃源岩的相似,二者具有较好的亲缘关系;同时,区域性的不整合面、油源断层可以成为沟通奥陶系古潜山储层与沙三段油源的运移通道;奥陶系原油主要来源于沙三段烃源岩。     

The origin and accumulation model of crude oils from oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 in the Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin

In the lower parts of oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation are oil-bearing layers newly found in oil exploration in the Ordos Basin.Based on GC,GC-MS analyses of saturated hydrocarbons from crude oils and source rocks,reservoir fluid inclusions and BasinMod,the origin of crude oils,accumulation period and accumulation models are discussed in combination with other petroleum geology data in this paper.The result shows that(1) there are two different types of crude oils in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Longdong and Jiyuan regions:crude oils of typeⅠ(Well D86,Well A44,Well A75,Well B227,Well X62 and Well Z150) are mainly de-rived from the Chang 7 source rocks(including mudstones and shales) and distributed in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions;those of typeⅡ(Well Z14 and Well Y427),are distributed in the Longdong region,which are derived from the Chang 9 source rocks.Crude oils from oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region are mainly derived from the Chang-9 source rocks;(2) there are two phases of hydrocarbon filling in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region:The first phase started at the early stage of J2z.The process of hydrocarbon filling was discontinuous in the Late Jurassic,because of the tectonic-thermal event in the Ordos Basin.The second phase was the main accumulation period,and hydrocarbons began to accumulate from the late stage of J2a to the middle-late of K1,mainly at the middle-late stage of K1;(3) there exist two types of accu-mulation models in oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation:source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan region and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region,the mixed type of reservoirs on the lateral side of source rocks and source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Long-dong region.     

Geochemical characteristics and analysis of crude-oil source in the deep-water area of the Baiyun Sag,South China Sea

In the Baiyun Sag, the oil relationship with possible source rocks is complicated, and little research on oil sources in the area has been performed. In this paper, geochemical studies of carbon isotopes, biomarkers, paleoenvironmental deposition, and crude oil maturity, carried out with the use of oil samples from the Baiyun Sag, demonstrate that the organic matter in crude oil has an oxidizing depositional environment and primarily lacustrine facies conditions, with a significantly higher plant input. The oil samples used are mature to highly mature. Crude oil in the northern area of the Baiyun Sag is more mature than samples in the eastern part of the sag. Despite limited source rock data, we were able to conclude that the crude oil samples were derived mainly from the Enping Formation; other potential source rocks of the Wenchang and Zhuhai Formations may also have contributed to the reservoirs in different parts of the sag. Furthermore, the source of crude oil in each structure in the Baiyun Sag was analyzed; for example, crude oil in the LH19-5 structure was generated from the organic matter of the Enping Formation, and crude oil in the LW3-1 structure was derived from the mixed organic matter of the Enping, Wenchang, and Zhuhai Formations. © 2018, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

北美典型混合页岩油系统特征及其启示

北美Williston 盆地Bakken组属典型的混合页岩油系统.笔者系统剖析了Bakken组混合页岩油系统富有机质层段和贫有机质层段的地质与地球化学、物性与裂缝发育以及页岩油特征,揭示了页岩油"甜点"主要受高含轻质油的富有机质成熟页岩、异常压力、微裂缝以及贫有机质层的白云石化作用共同控制,同时由于贫有机质层具有相对高的孔隙度、渗透率以及低的吸附量,因此可认为其是混合型页岩油系统中的主要产层.这对目前我国东部陆相页岩油勘探效果不佳的因素分析具有重要启示.把页岩油勘探目标层仅仅聚焦于富有机质泥页岩层段是勘探效果欠佳的主观因素;而富有机质泥页岩层段天然微裂缝发育局限、滞留油主要赋存在有机质中、热演化程度偏低使滞留油较重以及湖相Ⅰ型烃源岩生成的油含蜡量高等因素,是导致可采的页岩油量十分有限的客观因素.为此,针对我国东部湖盆页岩油的勘探,建议:加强成熟富有机质层系中贫有机质碳酸盐岩或粉砂、细砂岩薄夹层的精细评价与勘探;加强成熟富有机质泥页岩层段裂缝型页岩油的评价与勘探.     

陆相致密油与页岩油藏特征差异性及勘探实践意义: 以渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷为例

陆相致密油和页岩油同属低孔低渗油气藏,二者具有很大相似性,常具有共生关系,然而其成藏特征存在较大的差异,不加区分极易误导油气勘探.利用系统取心、测井、录井和各类测试化验分析资料,综合分析渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷孔店组、沙河街组,梳理致密油和页岩油的成藏条件及其富集规律差异性,进一步探讨致密油与页岩油勘探选区评价方法.研究结果表明,从岩性上看,致密油储层岩石类型多样,包括致密砂岩、致密碳酸盐岩、致密火成岩等;页岩油气以细粒沉积为主,其矿物成分多样,岩性可细分为碳酸质页岩、长英质页岩、粘土质页岩、混合质页岩等.从物性上看,二者均为低孔低渗型储层,致密储层分先天致密和后天致密两类,主要发育粒间孔、晶间孔、溶蚀孔隙、裂缝等,多以微米级孔隙为主;页岩储层以先天致密为主,发育有机孔、粒间孔、页理缝、裂缝等,多以纳米级孔隙为主.从生烃运移过程来看,二者油气来源均与优质烃源岩密切相关,致密油岩层本身不生烃,原油依靠临近富有机质泥页岩干酪根生烃增压造成的源储压差,经历短距离运移与充注,源储压差高则充注程度高;页岩油本身即为生油岩,系已生成、尚未排出而滞留在页岩孔隙或裂缝之中的石油.从可压裂性上看,致密储层本身具有较好脆性,脆性条件不是致密油甜点的决定性因素,而页岩脆性因成分不同存在较大差异,是页岩油甜点评价的关键因素.从勘探选区来看,致密油优势储集相带、优质烃源岩及二者之间的匹配关系控制有利致密油富集区,"三明治"式最有利,源上源下次之;页岩油受成熟富有机质页岩及脆性岩相控制,强调在富含滞留烃中寻找具有较高脆性的页岩.      

马朗凹陷低熟页岩油地球化学特征及成烃机理

勘探实践和研究表明,马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组源内油气为页岩油,该原油C₂₉甾烷立体异构化参数w(20S)/w(20S+20R)、w(ββ)/w(αα+ββ)均为0.2~0.4,为典型低熟原油。通过对芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学和有机岩石学特征的综合研究,发现低熟页岩油的生烃母质为原生的富氢无定形体,这些无定形体在沉积早期经历过细菌的改造作用,致使其具有特殊的生烃演化模式,即低熟-成熟阶段早期（R_o为0.55%~0.75%）处于生油高峰,对应埋深为1 800~2 900 m,埋深大于或小于该主峰带,烃源岩生烃能力急剧降低。泥岩生烃模拟实验、热解、抽提等实验数据表明:芦草沟组低熟页岩油正是位于该主生带的源岩所生,处于生烃带的源岩区即为马朗凹陷低熟页岩油富集的有利地区。     

控制内蒙古二连盆地达尔其油田石油富集度的关键因素——不同油源原油的混合作用

在对3套烃源岩的质量和成熟度描述基础上,通过对原油物理性质、族组成和生物标志化合物参数的研究,在达尔其油田内划分出成熟度有明显差异的低熟油和成熟油。油源对比结果认为它们分别由都红木组一段低熟烃源岩和阿尔善组二段成熟烃源岩所生。推测成熟度参数介于低熟和成熟之间的原油为混源油。通过原油混合试验和油砂连续抽提试验证实了混源油的推测。通过油藏剖面中不同性质油层的分布特征研究,结合断层发育史与油气运移关系分析认为不同油源原油的混合是控制该油田石油富集度较高的关键因素。此外,还分析了控制混源的断层组合特征。     

鄂尔多斯盆地董志——正宁地区原油地球化学特征与成因

鄂尔多斯盆地董志—正宁地区是该盆地中生界油气勘探新区,对该地区原油的地球化学进行研究,了解原油的成因,可以为该地区石油勘探和开发提供科学依据。本研究首次对采集于董志—正宁地区原油和鄂尔多斯盆地烃源岩的烃类生物标志化合物进行了系统的分析,研究了它们的地球化学特征。原油中各类烃类生物标志化合物分布和组成特征指示了原油形成于...     

Geochemical Investigation of the Cretaceous Crude Oil Reservoirs and Source Rock Samples in One of the Abadan Plain Oilfields, SW Iran

Crude oil and source rock samples from one of the main oilfields of the Abadan Plain, Zagros, Iran were analyzed geochemically. Rock-Eval pyrolysis was conducted on Kazhdumi (Upper Cretaceous) and Gadvan (Lower Cretaceous) formations, which are the probable source rocks for the oil in the region. The results indicated that the Kazhdumi Formation can be classified as a fair-to-excellent source rock, while the Gadvan Formation can be identified as having poor-to-good source rock in the basin. Based on the cross-plots of HI versus OI and S2 versus TOC, types II and III kerogen were identified from studied source samples in the area. Determination of the main fraction percentages of the Sarvak and Fahliyan crude oils represented that the oils from the Sarvak reservoir are paraffinic-naphthenic and aromatic-intermediate, whilst that from the Fahliyan reservoir is paraffinic and paraffinic-naphthenic. Biomarker ratios of the saturated fractions of oil from both reservoirs indicate that the source rocks formed in reducing marine environments with carbonate-shale lithology. Furthermore, biomarker data helped to distinguish the degree of biodegradation in the studied oils. According to geochemical analysis, oil samples from the Fahliyan reservoir were generated at a higher thermal maturity than the Sarvak reservoir samples.     

Oil families and their source rocks in the Weixinan Sub-basin, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea

Thirty-one crude oils and 15 source rocks were selected for molecular geochemical and isotopic analyses in order to establish the genetic relationships between discovered oils and petroleum source rocks in the Weixinan Sub-basin, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. Three groups of oils were recognized. Group I oils are only found in the upper section of the Liusagang Formation, with a moderate abundance of C₃₀ 4-methylsteranes, low oleanane contents and lighter δ¹³C values, showing a close relation to the shale occurring in the upper section of the Liusagang Formation. Group II is represented by the majority of the discoveries and is distributed in multi-sets of reservoirs having different ages. The oils are characterized by a high abundance of C₃₀ 4-methylsteranes, low to moderate abundance of oleanane and heavy δ¹³C values, and shows a good correlation with the lacustrine shale and oil shale in the middle section of the Liusagang Formation. Group III oils occurred in the lower section of the Liusagang Formation. The oils have a lower concentration of C₃₀ 4-methylsteranes, relatively high abundance of oleananes and their δ¹³C values are intermediate. Oils of this group correlated well with the shallow lake-delta mudstone of the lower section of Liusagang Formation. These oil-source genetic relationships suggest a strong source facies control on the geographic distribution of oil groups within the Weixinan Sub-basin. The geochemical data indicate shale in the middle section of the Liusagang Formation has an excellent oil generation potential and the lower and upper sections contain dark shale and mudstone with good to fair oil potential. Future exploration or assessment of petroleum potential of the sub-basin could be improved by considering the proposed genetic relationship between the oil types and source rocks, as well as their distribution.     

东营凹陷南斜坡深层成藏特征及主控因素分析

东营凹陷南斜坡王家岗地区处于丁家屋子鼻状构造带背景之上，紧邻牛庄生油洼陷，油源丰富，断层—骨架砂体—不整合面相互配置为油气运聚提供了良好的成藏条件。油源对比分析表明，该区存在三种成因类型的原油:北部Ek2~41深部油藏和王古1井奥陶系油藏为孔二段烃源岩提供的原油；而Ek1~21浅部油藏为孔二段和沙四上亚段烃源岩生成的混合型原油；浅层沙河街组油藏主要为沙四上亚段烃源岩生成的原油。对该区深层典型油藏成藏要素分析，认为丁家屋子构造带继承性鼻状构造背景、沙四上亚段—孔二段两套烃源岩和输导体系—圈闭的有效空间配置是油气成藏的主控因素。     

Characteristics and Evaluation of the High-Quality Source Rocks of Cretaceous Continental Shale Oil in Tonghua Basin,China

The presence of shale oil in the Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation in the Tonghua Basin, drilled by the well TD-01, has been discussed in this geological investigation for the first time. To evaluate the high-quality source rocks of Cretaceous continental shale oil, the distribution characteristics and the evolution of the ancient environment, samples of shale were systematically analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, organic geochemistry, and organic carbon isotopic composition. The results demonstrate that a TOC value of 1.5% represents the lower-limit TOC value of the high-quality source rocks. Source rocks have an aggregate thickness of 211 m and contain abundant organic matter, with TOC values of 2.69% on average and a maximum value over 5.44%. The original hydrocarbon-generative potential value(S_1+S_2) is between 0.18 mg/g and 6.13 mg/g, and the Ro is between 0.97% and 1.40%. The thermal maturation of the source rocks is relatively mature to highly mature. The δ¹³C value range is between -34.75‰ and -26.53‰. The ratio of saturated hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is 1.55 to 5.24, with an average of 2.85, which is greater than 1.6. The organic types are mainly type Ⅱ_1, followed by type Ⅰ. The organic carbon source was C_3 plants and hydrophytes. The paleoclimate of the Hengtongshan Formation can be characterized as hot and dry to humid, and these conditions were conducive to the development of high-quality source rocks. A favorable paleoenvironment and abundant organic carbon sources provide a solid hydrocarbon generation base for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas in the shale of the Tonghua Basin.     

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系油气成藏地球化学分析

依据生物标志物的分布和组成特征,准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组的原油可以分为两类,庄1井和沙1井原油属于第一类,源于下二叠统风城组;南部征沙村地区征1井原油为第二类,源于中二叠统下乌尔禾组,也有侏罗系的贡献。根据流体包裹体均一化温度分布,结合生排烃史与构造配置关系研究,认为征1井三工河组油藏主要成藏期是古近纪以来,油气来自于昌吉凹陷的下乌尔禾组和侏罗系烃源岩;而庄1井和沙1井三工河组油藏具有多源多期油气注入,早白垩世末至古近纪,油气来自于北部盆1井西凹陷风城组,古近纪构造调整以来,混入了来源于昌吉凹陷的油气。各口井原油含氮化合物的分布特征,证实了研究区侏罗系原油近期是从征1井向北运移的。     

藏北南羌塘盆地扎仁地区油苗地球化学特征及意义

扎仁地区地处南羌塘盆地南缘,属油气研究的“空白区”,结合羌塘盆地扎仁区块1∶〖KG-*2〗5万石油地质构造详查,重点研究了位于该区的地表油苗的生物标志化合物和分子碳同位素特征,并且进行了油源对比。研究资料揭示了原油有机质母质为菌藻类和高等植物,特别是藻类为原油的形成作出了贡献;原油形成于还原—弱还原的咸水环境,显示成熟原油的特征。原油的生物标志物特征和中侏罗统夏里组烃源岩具有亲缘关系,反映了原油主要来源于夏里组烃源岩,但其单体碳同位素特征又与夏里组烃源岩存在一定的差异,反映了混合来源的特征。     

Source and commingling features of light oils from the Chepaizi uplift in the Junggar Basin,Northwest China

Geochemical composition characteristics of light oils from the Tertiary in the west of the Chepaizi uplift in the Junggar basin, northwest China, are distinct from those of biodegraded oils derived from the Permian in the study area and crude oils from some adjacent oil fields such as the Chepaizi and Xiaoguai oilfields. Oil source correlation shows that light oils in the study area have similar n-alkane and isoprenoid distribution patterns and carbon isotope compositions with the coal-derived oils from the Jurassic, and display obvious discrepancy on biomarker composition characteristics with the Cretaceous source rock extracts, inferring that they are probably the mixed oils from the Jurassic coal measures and Cretaceous source rocks. In this study, combined with the geochemical data of coal-derived oils from the Jurassic and Cretaceous source rocks or crude oils from the Cretaceous, the source and commingling features of the Tertiary crude oils of Well Pai 2 and Well Pai 8 were investigated. The proportion of the two sources in the mixed crude oils was estimated, and the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of reservoirs in the study area was established.     

鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田延安组原油成因研究

马岭油田是鄂尔多斯盆地发现最早的油田之一,也是大陆河流相油气藏的典型代表,可是以往对马岭油田原油及其烃源岩地球化学研究很少,原油的成因更多的依靠于地质推测。本文对采集于马岭油田的21个原油和鄂尔多斯盆地14个烃源岩的烃类生物标志化合物进行了系统的分析,研究了它们的地球化学特征。生物标志化合物的分布和组成特征,指示了原油形成于弱还原环境淡水湖相;原油的母质除了菌藻类外陆源高等植物作出了重要贡献;原油均为成熟原油;油源对比表明,马岭油田原油的源岩为延长组烃源岩,特别是长7油层组烃源岩。     

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷油气成藏特征研究

[摘 要] 涠西南凹陷是南海北部湾盆地重要的富烃凹陷之一。本文通过开展涠西南凹陷油气成藏条件及成藏模式等方面的研究,得出该区具有优异的成藏条件:流沙港组二段是最主要的烃源岩层,达到好烃源岩的标准;发育石炭系灰岩、古近系长流组、流沙港组三段和一段、涠洲组等多套储集层,其中涠洲组三段和流沙港组一段储层物性最好,具有高孔隙度、高渗透率的特征,属玉类储层;存在始新统流二段及中中新统角尾组上部的大套泥岩两套区域盖层,生储盖组合以下生上储型为主;圈闭类型主要为构造型和地层型或两者的复合,圈闭形成时间与油气充注时间配置较好。最后指出研究区2 号断层和3 号断层之间的洼槽带是下一步油气勘探的有利区带。     

吐哈盆地西部地区高蜡凝析油和轻质油的地球化学特征及成因分析

吐哈盆地西部地区中、新生界储层中广泛分布着轻质油和凝析油。这些原油具有低密度、低粘度、中等—高含蜡量的特点 ,含蜡量为 5 .5 %～ 2 2 .1% ,高分子量正构烷烃 (n C35～ n C87)含量较高 ,属中—高蜡轻质油或凝析油 ,其地球化学特征及成因机理既不同于常规的高蜡原油 ,又不同于一般意义上的凝析油。吐哈盆地中、新生界高蜡凝析油或轻质油主要来源于侏罗系湖相泥岩和煤系地层中泥岩或煤 ,其形成主要取决于烃源岩的有机显微组分和有机质演化程度。研究区侏罗系湖相泥岩和煤系地层泥岩或煤岩中有机显微组分均以镜质组和壳质组为主 ,壳质组中角质体和木栓质体含量较高 ,具备了既可形成凝析油 ,又可形成高蜡油的条件。由于镜质组与部分壳质组演化形成烃类化合物的活化能相当 ,因此又具备高蜡油与凝析油共生的地球化学条件