青海天峻南山蛇绿岩的地质特征及其形成环境

青海天峻南山蛇绿岩为本次1:5万区调中首次发现。从其地质特征、岩石化学及地球化学特征反映出陆内裂谷扩张的早石炭世小洋盆构造环境。它的发现对于重新认识宗务隆造山带的地质属性、地球动力学机制,与祁连造山带、柴达木地块的构造关系以及研究古特提斯洋演化提供了新的依据。     

桐柏蛇绿岩套特征及其形成构造背景

桐柏县大河地区蛇绿岩套的岩石类型发育较全,层序清晰,岩套沿区域构造线北西西向展布;其层序自南向北总体上为超基性岩→基性岩→火山岩系→硅质岩,展示出蛇绿岩套从底向顶的层序变化。通过对该岩套的岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学特征等方面的研究,表明该岩套的岩类属同源的,并揭示了火山岩系具边缘海拉张环境中喷溢特点。本区蛇绿岩套中的火山岩与碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩为整合接触关系,表明火山岩与沉积岩是同一环境下的产物;同时,在碎屑岩复理石建造中存在粒序层,在灰岩地层的底部存在底砾岩,地层中含有较丰富的微古化石,这些均说明当时的沉积环境是边缘海而不是洋中脊。因此,笔者认为桐柏蛇绿岩套生成于大陆板块和大洋板块交接带的边缘海优地槽拉张裂谷环境。     

南美Llanos盆地中新生界层序地层划分及Carbonera组储盖组合

Llanos盆地是南美洲重要的前陆盆地,从构造演化角度出发,利用Vail层序地层学原理搭建层序格架,研究了层序沉积充填;再利用储集物性、岩石组分、排驱压力等资料,分析了Carbonera组储盖组合条件。研究表明从中生代至今盆地及周缘地区的形成演化经历了4个阶段:裂谷-弧后裂谷(三叠纪-白垩纪)、早前陆盆地(古新世-早始新世)、前安第斯期前陆盆地(中始新世-早中新世)、安第斯期前陆盆地(中中新世-现今)。依据构造沉积演化及海平面变化特征,将中新生界划分为5个二级层序,其中Carbonera组划分为4个三级层序,每个三级层序由高位体系域(HST)和海侵体系域(TST)组成,缺失低位体系域。据地震相、砂地比和岩性资料编制Carbonera组高位体系域沉积相平面图,在图中识别出多个主河道,并认识到海平面变化呈上升趋势。Carbonera组砂泥旋回是有效的储盖组合,同时上覆Leon组是盆地内具良好封闭性的区域盖层。盆地中部和北部Carbonera组具有良好的储盖组合条件。      

中国东南沿海及其邻侧中新生代火山作用的构造背景及有关的成矿作用

本文主要论述中国沿海及其邻侧火山作用的构造背景、火山岩的岩石学和地球化学特征,以及其有关的成矿作用。认为该区自震旦纪以来的火山作用,尤以中新生代大陆边缘活动带阶段最强,与板块俯冲、裂谷作用有关,并伴随丰富多彩的成矿作用。指出,由于太平洋-库拉板块向欧亚板块俯冲,所形成的晚侏罗世巨厚的中酸性火山岩建造是西环太平洋火山岩带外带的主体组成部分,由大陆板块边缘至内部,离俯冲带愈远,幔源组分逐渐增加;从白垩纪至新生代,火山作用主要与裂谷作用有关。由大陆至海洋,裂谷拉张规模愈来愈大,时代愈来愈新,呈现出由陆内裂谷→陆间裂谷→大洋裂谷、由双峰式火山岩→玄武岩的演化规律。还指出,形成于不同构造背景的火山作用具有不同的成矿专属性。与晚侏罗世俯冲带型火山岩有关的叶腊石(含寿山石)、瓷土和优质高岭土等矿产;与早白垩世陆内裂谷型火山岩有关的明矾石、珍珠岩、沸石和膨润土等矿产;与新生代陆间裂谷型玄武岩有关的蓝宝石、红宝石、红锆石和风化壳型三水铝土矿,以及产于火山口湖的硅藻土、膨润土和泥炭等矿产。     

内蒙古崇根山蛇绿岩前弧玄武岩的发现及其地质意义

内蒙古崇根山SSZ型蛇绿岩位于兴蒙造山带北部的二连浩特－贺根山蛇绿岩带,为贺根山蛇绿岩中出露面积最大、岩性出露最为齐全的蛇绿岩块,主要组成端元为橄榄岩,少量堆晶辉长岩和拉斑玄武岩片.研究表明,该玄武岩为 一 套 前 弧 玄 武 岩,岩 性 为 低 钾 拉 斑 玄 武 岩.岩 石 w(SiO２)为 ４８．５８％ ~５１．２３％,含 较 低 的 TiO２
(１．６３％~２．０８％),富 Na２O (３．１３％~４．７３％)而贫 K２O(０．０５％~０．２０％),Na２O/K２O 为２３．７~７９．０;岩石具有亏损型稀土元素配分模式,类似 NＧMORB,微量元素富集 Rb、Ba、U、Ta、Hf,亏损 Th、Nb、Sr,元素质量分数普遍略高于 NＧMORB,与弧拉斑玄武岩相似.地球化学特征上兼具洋中脊与岛弧双重特点,且更偏向洋中脊,与马里亚纳前弧玄武岩(FAB)相一致.综合分析前人对于崇根山蛇绿岩块及区域蛇绿岩同位素年代学研究成果表明,二连浩特－贺根山蛇绿岩带在早石炭世存在前弧玄武岩,说明二连浩特－贺根山洋盆在早石炭世发生了洋内初始俯冲和洋陆转化岩浆作用.      

沁园春·王屋山

山河要冲,道教名山,玉清耳书愚公寓言众志成城战扰酚。王屋山,凡草均是参人皆钟机一价‘人”字裂谷惊天写鸿蒙地质事件篇历八次运动,天翻地覆;,、五套层序,_保存齐全;沁园春·王屋山@李玉昌     

柴达木盆地及其邻区早—中二叠世构造岩相古地理格局

通过大量野外观察、分析测试和综合研究,结合覆盖全区不同比例尺的区域地质调查资料,对柴达木盆地及其邻区早—中二叠世构造岩相古地理格局进行了研究,并探讨了其形成机制.结果表明:柴达木盆地及其邻区中、北部早—中二叠世为陆内盆山裂谷系统,主体处于伸展构造背景,总体表现为堑垒相间的构造古地理格局;南部为巴颜喀拉洋盆,早—中二叠世是巴颜喀拉洋盆扩张最为剧烈且规模最大的时期,巴颜喀拉洋盆中洋岛、海山遍布;早—中二叠世晚期强烈的华力西构造运动使古板块间的相对运动加剧,巴颜喀拉洋盆大洋岩石圈板块向北强烈俯冲,形成东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧及其南部增生带,东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧岩浆活动十分强烈,宗务隆山—西秦岭陆源裂谷盆地进一步发育,形成十分复杂的构造岩相古地理格局.早—中二叠世是研究区地球动力学机制从强烈扩张到强烈汇聚的转折时期,加强其构造岩相古地理研究对建立该区地层序列、探讨其地质演化历史以及指导找矿等均具有重要意义.     

扬子地块西北缘后龙门山南华纪—早古生代沉积地层特征及其形成环境

通过对扬子地块西北缘后龙门山构造带南华纪—早古生代沉积地层的分析研究,综合运用岩石学、沉积特征分析的手段,结合与前龙门山构造带、碧口地块、米仓山构造带和汉南地块的沉积特征对比,探讨后龙门山构造带南华纪—早古生代的沉积环境,查明其形成环境。结果表明:在南华纪—早古生代后龙门山构造带沉积环境可分为南华纪—震旦纪裂解-稳定沉积和早古生代伸展裂陷沉积两个阶段,其中在早古生代伸展裂陷阶段后龙门山构造带经历了裂解→抬升→局部裂解→抬升→裂解的反复过程,最终形成了志留系茂县群裂陷槽沉积,主要沉积了一套代表伸展裂陷环境的沉积岩系,并有少量的陆内火山岩系。研究结果进一步证实,龙门山构造带在南华纪—早古生代总体是一个陆内裂谷带,不发育与古缝合线相关的构造混杂岩和蛇绿混杂岩带,是在陆内裂谷的基础上于印支期—燕山期形成的陆内造山带。     

北秦岭基底杂岩中变质基性岩的性质及其构造背景研究

通过对北秦岭造山带变质基底杂岩中变质基性岩的野外地质调查和岩石地球化学特征的研究，表明秦岭岩群中的变质基性岩应为古元古代晚期侵位的基性岩墙，其化学成分相当于大陆裂谷或板内拉斑玄武岩，代表了吕梁事件的产物，形成于元古宙大陆地壳拉张构造背景的早期阶段，是秦岭造山带中元古代大陆裂谷小洋盆并存构造体制演化阶段的早期地质记录。     

南天山榆树沟—铜花山构造混杂体雏议

榆树沟—铜花山构造混杂体,东西长大于70km,南北宽约25km,是由不同规模的外来和原地岩块组成的。蛇绿岩套则强烈地混杂在变质基质之中,它们通过韧性剪切带或断裂与不同时代的外来岩块相接触,而它们之间无任何热接触现象。蛇绿岩套层序由上而下是沉积岩、火山岩、火成堆积岩和地幔橄榄岩。根据岩石学特征,组成这些外来和原地岩块的奥陶系、志留系、泥盆系和蛇绿岩,形成于弧-盆和活动大陆边缘环境。构造混杂体形成一系列北西西向推覆构造。蛇绿岩与原地岩块通常构成向南和向北推覆的低角度冲掩断层。晚期推覆构造使其更加复杂化。     

昆中断裂东段不同时代蛇绿岩特征及形成环境

沿昆中断裂带分布的两套不同类型的蛇绿混杂岩,均属非典型的蛇绿岩套残块(片),是昆中断裂带在漫长的地质演化过程中残留在陆块边缘的洋壳物质。它们在空间上分布于不同的构造部位,时间上分属于元古代和晚古生代。     

中亚造山带西段俯冲起始时限及机制探讨

中亚造山带是世界上最大的显生宙增生型造山带,是研究增生造山过程和大陆地壳生长的绝佳场所,其形成记录了新元古代—早中生代古亚洲洋发展演化历程,主要由一系列微陆块、岛弧、海山/大洋高原、增生杂岩及蛇绿混杂岩构成。中亚造山带西段蛇绿混杂岩物质组成基本一致,除了典型的蛇绿岩组分外,大多发育典型的海山岩石组合,即枕状玄武岩、火山角砾岩、礁灰岩、滑塌堆积岩、陆源碎屑岩。蛇绿混杂岩中基性岩在地球化学上可明显分为两类:一类为洋中脊玄武岩型,属于拉斑系列,显示俯冲带特征;另一类为洋岛玄武岩型,属于碱性玄武岩系列,形成于海山/大洋高原环境。中亚造山带西段蛇绿混杂岩和变质岩的时代、属性及空间分布,表明古亚洲洋俯冲起始时限不晚于新元古代早期,位置应在西伯利亚南缘,并逐渐向南发展。在古亚洲洋发育早期,地幔柱诱发俯冲起始占主导地位,后期可能由于海山/大洋高原阻塞俯冲通道,导致俯冲极性翻转和跃迁,从而发生俯冲起始。实际上,新俯冲带如何起始一直是地球科学领域的难点问题,主要原因是俯冲起始是一个极其短暂的过程,缺少直接的地质记录,并且现今地球上鲜有正在发生的俯冲起始案例。因此,需要地质学家共同努力去揭秘古亚洲洋的前世今生,破解板块俯冲起始的奥秘。     

阿尼玛卿山地区超基性岩带铜矿成矿特征和找矿预测

阿尼玛卿山地区是我省铜矿重要成矿带之一。本文阐述了区内超基性岩带与铜矿成矿特征及找矿标志,对矿床成因进行了探讨;认为本区位于古特提斯海北缘俯冲带中的蛇绿混杂岩带内,代表了古板块的缝合线,超镁铁质岩、具堆晶特征的辉长岩、玄武岩等具有蛇绿岩的特征,是构造冷侵位产物;确定了两个含矿层序,划分了两种成矿类型:一种产在蛇绿岩组合下部的超基性岩中,如德尔尼铜钴矿床,另一种产在蛇绿岩组合上部层序的火山岩及火山碎屑岩中,如牧羊山铜矿;介绍了成矿预测区地质、矿(化)体及物探异常主要特征,指出了测区中最佳找矿地段,明确了在该地区普查找矿的方向。     

秦岭东段泥盆系中似碧玉层纹钠长石岩的发现及其意义

在秦岭东段泥盆系中新发现一种似碧玉层纹钠长石岩,发育有与中泥盆统同样良好的韵律层。野外和室内研究表明,岩石具古热泉沉积成因的可靠信息。这类岩石的发现,对研究秦岭泥盆系铅锌成矿海盆中古地热异常及热泉活动引起的局部热水沉积环境具重要意义,也为了解秦岭造山带泥盆纪时期的成因演化积累了新的资料。     

辽北清河镇群硅质岩的成因与构造—沉积环境

辽北清河镇群是由一套蛇绿岩组成,其中硅质岩与绿片岩和碳酸盐岩密切共生。在硅质岩中釆到了下古生代化石,从而否定了辽北“辽河群”的存在。根据硅质岩的化学成分关系图解和硅质岩的平均原子量计算,以及与硅质岩共生的岩石组合等分析, 笔者认为清河镇群中硅质岩形成于深海平原,硅质来源于地壳深部,通过生物比学作用而沉积,属于大洋板块内部远海沉积的硅质岩,随着大洋板块的俯冲作用被带到俯冲带中残留下来。     

鲁苏碱性岩套特征及其形成的构造背景

鲁苏碱性岩套是指分布于胶莱盆地内的富钾火山岩系和鲁苏混杂岩带中的富钠侵入岩系 ,它们形成于中生代晚期至新生代早期大陆碰撞造山作用之后的伸展构造背景 ,是拉张作用下上地幔部分熔融与陆壳隆升作用的产物     

Lower Permian formations of different geodynamic environments in A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone (Buqingshan Mts., eastern Kunlun, Qinghai Province, China)

Lower Permian formations within the Buqingshan Mountains (A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone, eastern sector of the eastern Kunlun) were formed in the following paleogeodynamic environments (from north to south): (1) shelf and slope of a passive continental margin in a marginal sea; (2) partially Permian metamorphic rocks of subduclion-accretion complexes and volcanogenic rocks of an ensimatic island arc, of the age limited from above by the Asselian - Sakmarian; and (3 ) an island arc slope and oceanic trench. Subduction-accretion complexes and the island arc volcanites are overlain with a sharp angular unconformity by a carbonate-conglomerate sequence, which presents as local molasse of the Early Permian age. Based on fusulinids from the basal limestone, the age of the local molasse is first defined as the Yakhtashian-Bolorian, i.e. Artinskian-Kungurian (?). The thorough investigations revealed that the initial closure of the eastern Paleotethys within the eastern Kunlun corresponded to the Sakmarian-Yakhtashian (Artinskian) boundary, whereas in the western Paleotethys sector (Northern Pamirs) the closure occurred considerably earlier, prior to the Late Bashkirian. Thus, the idea that the Paleotethys in the eastern Kunlun reached its maximum width in the Permian, is highly questionable. During the Early Permian the A'nyemaqen branch of the Paleotethys intensely decreased. Beginning from the Bolorian (Kungurian) and up to the end of the Permian this branch represented its relict in the form of a marginal sea depression. It may be suggested that the Paleotethys closure in the A'nyemaqen took place gradually from the west to the east and covered a long period from the Late Carboniferous to the terminal Early Permian.     

阜新-义县盆地义县旋回岩浆演化规律及成因探讨

岩石地球化学特征研究表明,阜新-义县盆地义县旋回火山岩属于同源钙碱性火山岩系,岩浆演化序列为基性→中性→中酸性→酸性。火山岩化学成分变化以岩浆结晶分异占主导地位,岩浆分异较好。火山岩形成于大陆边缘活动带,岩浆来源于壳源。     

Lower Permian formations of different geodynamic environments in A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone (Buqingshan Mts., eastern Kunlun, Qinghai Province, China)

Lower Permian formations within the Buqingshan Mountains (A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone, eastern sector of the eastern Kunlun) were formed in the following paleogeodynamic environments (from north to south): ( 1 ) shelf and slope of a passive continental margin in a marginal sea; (2) partially Permian metamorphic rocks of subduction-accretion complexes and volcanogenic rocks of an ensimatic island arc, of the age limited from above by the Asselian - Sakmarian;and (3) an island arc slope and oceanic trench. Subduction-accretion complexes and the island arc volcanites are overlain with a sharp angular unconformity by a carbonate-conglomerate sequence, which presents as local molasse of the Early Permian age. Based on fusulinids from the basal limestone, the age of the local molasse is first defined as the Yakhtashian-Bolorian, i.e. Artinskian-Kungurian (?). The thorough investigations revealed that the initial closure of the eastern Paleotethys within the eastern Kunlun corresponded to the Sakmarian-Yakhtashian (Artinskian) boundary, whereas in the western Paleotethys sector (Northern Pamirs) the closure occurred considerably earlier, prior to the Late Bashkirian.Thus, the idea that the Paleotethys in the eastern Kunlun reached its maximum width in the Permian, is highly questionable.During the Early Permian the A'nyemaqen branch of the Paleotethys intensely decreased. Beginning from the Bolorian (Kungurian) and up to the end of the Permian this branch represented its relict in the form ora marginal sea depression. It may be suggested that the Paleotethys closure in the A'nyemaqen took place gradually from the west to the east and covered a long period from the Late Carboniferous to the terminal Early Permian.     

Evolution of the Late Cretaceous Yongfeng-Chongren Basin in Jiangxi Province,southeast China: insights from sedimentary facies analysis and pebble counting

The Gan-Hang Belt in Southeast China is characterized by several igneous and siliciclastic basins associated with crustal extension during Late Mesozoic. The sedimentary evolution of the red basins is still poorly understood. In this study, sedimentary facies analysis and pebble counting were performed on outcrop sections of the Late Cretaceous Guifeng Group in the Yongfeng-Chongren Basin in central Jiangxi Province. Thirty-five conglomerate outcrops were chosen to measure pebble lithology, size, roundness, weathering degree and preferred orientation. Results show that gravels are mostly fine to coarse pebbles and comprise dominantly quartzites, metamorphic rocks, granitoids and sandstones. Rose diagrams based on imbricated pebbles indicate variable paleocurrent directions. Combining with typical sedimentary structures and vertical successions, we suggest that the Guifeng Group were deposited in alluvial fan, river and playa lake depositional systems. The proposed depositional model indicates that the Hekou Formation represents the start-up stage of the faulted basin, accompanied by sedimentation in alluvial fan and braided river environments. Then this basin turned into a stable expansion stage during the deposition of the Tangbian Formation. Except for minor coarse sediments at the basin margin, the other area is covered with fine-grained sediments of lake and river environments. The Lianhe Formation, however, is once again featured by conglomerates, suggesting a probable tectonic event. Therefore, the study region possibly suffered two tectonic events represented by the conglomerates of the Hekou and Lianhe formations in the context of the crustal extension in Southeast China.