应用MSS数字图像处理进行森林资源动态监测的探讨

本文探讨了应用多时相Landsat Mss图像进行森林动态监测的方法。研究了差值图像法、比值植被指数差值法、归一化植被指数差值法、多时相主分量分析法(垂直植被指数法)和分类比较法对提取森林动态变化信息的作用。结果表明,3种植被指数法都能较好地提取植被动态信息,可用于森林面积消长的动态监测。     

基于ERDAS平台的NDVI植被覆盖变化检测

介绍了利用ERDAS IMAGINE软件对多时相遥感影像进行地表植被覆盖变化检测的方法及过程,采用归一化植被指数差值法,得到包含多时相遥感影像变化信息的差异图像,依据差异图像的灰度直方图分布情况,结合经验公式设置变化阈值来分离变化信息和非变化信息。     

应用面向对象的决策树模型提取橡胶林信息

橡胶林的无序和不合理种植引发了一系列的生态问题,快速监测橡胶林空间分布及动态变化,对橡胶的合理种植、区域生态环境保护以及有关部门的规划决策有重要的指导意义。以MODIS归一化植被指数NDVI时间序列数据和多时相的Landsat TM数据为基础分析橡胶林的季相和光谱特征,确定橡胶识别的关键时期和特征参数,构建面向对象的决策树分类模型,开展橡胶信息提取研究。结果表明,多时相的遥感数据可反映橡胶的季相特征,以TM数据为基础计算得到的陆表水分指数LSWI和归一化植被指数NDVI可作为橡胶识别的光谱特征参数,橡胶休眠期是利用遥感方法进行橡胶提取的最佳时期。相比于单时相数据,利用包含橡胶关键物候期的多时相遥感数据能得到更高的橡胶林提取精度。     

热带森林植被的动态变化遥感监测

本文讨论了以热带森林植被为主体的再生资源的面积动态变化监测。研究中包括两个部分。首先,我们利用多时相遥感图像对大面积的西双版纳州进行地类判读,系统地分析了森林植被的动态变化。其次,利用Landsat MSS和TM数据对自然保护区的动态变化进行了包含无监督分类和归一化差值植被指数分析的数字图像处理,变化分类也相当符合实际。总的实验结果表明,这种监测方法是很有效的,可在再生资源监测中特别是在森林植被监测中加以推广应用。     

联合像素级和对象级分析的遥感影像变化检测

为改善高空间分辨率遥感影像的变化检测精度,提出一种联合像素级和对象级分析的变化检测新框架。首先将多时相影像进行叠合,对叠加影像进行主成分分析,并利用基于熵率的方法对第一主成分影像进行分割,通过改变超像素数目来获取多层次不同尺寸大小的超像素区域。同时,对多时相影像进行光谱差异和纹理差异分析,采用自适应PCNN神经网络方法进行图像融合,利用水平集(CV)方法对融合后的影像进行分割获取像素级变化检测结果。最后,结合多尺度区域标记矩阵对检测结果进行变化强度等级量化和决策级融合,作为变化检测的后处理部分,以获取最终的对象级变化检测结果。采用SPOT-5多光谱影像进行试验。结果表明这种新框架可以有效集成基于像素和基于对象两种图像分析方法的优势,能够进一步提高变化检测过程的稳定性和适用性。     

基于KICA的多时相遥感图像变化检测

针对PCA变化检测方法的精度较低和ICA方法的线性局限性问题,提出了基于核独立成分分析(KICA)的多时相遥感图像变化检测方法。首先,将每一时相的图像转化为列向量,并把这些列向量组成矩阵;然后,通过核函数将矩阵映射到高维特征空间中,再在该空间中利用ICA方法分离出相互独立的图像分量;接着通过FCM算法分割表征变化信息的图像分量,并采用区域生长算法获得完整的变化信息;最后,分别利用本文方法与差值法、PCA方法和ICA方法对多时相遥感图像进行变化检测,并对检测结果进行定性分析和定量比较。结果表明,该方法能更好地分离出多时相遥感图像的变化信息,具有更高检测精度。     

一种利用多时相TM影像分析地表植被变化的新方法：——以敦煌地区绿洲植 …

变化分析是多时相遥感影像的主要应用领域。以敦煌绿洲为例,探讨一种应用多时相ＴＭ影像进行地表植被变化分析的新方法。结果证明,用不同时相的ＮＤＶＩ影像进行彩色合成可以直观地反映地表植被的变化,而利用色彩变换得到的各分量可以对变化特点进行定量分析。其中色度反映变化类型,饱和度反映变化强度,而亮度图像则反映地表植被多年来的总体长势。除了直观和定量的特性之外,该方法还可以用于其它类型的变化分析,具有可扩展性     

一种利用多时相TM影像分析地表植被变化的新方法--以敦煌地区绿洲植被变化分析为例

变化分析是多时相遥感影像的主要应用领域。以郭煌绿洲为例 ,探讨一种应用多时相TM影像进行地表植被变化分析的新方法。结果证明 ,用不同时相的NDVI影像进行彩色合成可以直观地反映地表植被的变化 ,而利用色彩变换得到的各分量可以对变化特点进行定量分析。其中色度反映变化类型 ,饱和度反映变化强度 ,而亮度图像则反映地表植被多年来的总体长势。除了直观和定量的特性之外 ,该方法还可以用于其它类型的变化分析 ,具有可扩展性     

利用R-Shiny架构的植被物候参数 分析系统设计与实现

植被物候作为反映植被与气候变化关系的重要参量,具有重要的研究意义。本文基于R语言分布式架构Shiny构建了植被物候参数分析系统,可实现站点分布可视化、感兴趣区(Region of Interest,ROI)选取与绘制、植被指数计算与可视化、数据过滤、生长曲线轨迹拟合与物候参数提取等功能模块。用户可提取不同植被类型数码相机时间序列的植被指数,并用max方法进行平滑与去噪处理,然后选择合适的方法组合拟合植被群落季相变化轨迹,最终提取较为精确的关键物候参数。林地数据系统测试结果表明:1)相对绿度指数GI比其他相对植被指数和单波段的亮度值振幅明显,其时间序列可表征植被实际生长轨迹; 2)不同拟合方法与提取方法的组合效果不同,如klosterman与klosterman方法组合适合林地类型的植被物候参数提取,用户可综合均方根误差与季节群相变化轨迹结果,筛选出适合所选植被物候数据的拟合与物候参数提取方法组合。     

利用MERIS数据植被指数分析福建省植被长势季节变化

监测植被长势动态变化可以提供生态系统状况有价值的信息,可以检测到人类或气候作用引起的变化。本研究利用2004—2005年间10期MERIS影像数据,以福建省为例,探讨MERIS数据在区域植被长势季节变化监测中的应用效果;分析了MERIS数据用于区域植被季节变化监测时的数据处理方法;比较了MERIS数据几种植被指数,提出了利用10和8波段组合改进MERISNDVI的建议;利用多时相合成的NDVI简单分析了2004年夏季—2005年夏季三个季节的植被长势状况。结果表明,MERIS植被指数的时空变化有效反映了气候变化对植被长势的影响。     

Detection and mapping of maize streak virus using RapidEye satellite imagery

The aim of this study was to detect and map MSV using RapidEye multispectral sensor in Ofcolaco farm. To achieve this objective, the acquired RapidEye sensor was classified using the robust Random Forest algorithm. Furthermore, the variable importance technique was used to determine the influence of each spectral band and indices on the mapping accuracy. For better performance of image data, the value of the commonly used vegetation indices in improving the classification accuracy was tested. The results revealed that the use of RapidEye spectral bands in detection and mapping of MSV yielded good classification results with an overall accuracy of 82.75%. The inclusion of vegetation indices computed from RapidEye sensor improved the classification accuracies by 3.4%. The most important RapidEye spectral bands in classifying MSV were near infrared, blue and red-edge. On the other hand, the most important vegetation indices were the Soil adjusted vegetation index, Enhanced vegetation index, Red index and Normalized Vegetation Index. The current study recommends future studies to assess the importance of multi-temporal remote sensing applications in detecting and monitoring the spread of MSV.     

多时相遥感影像语义分割色彩一致性对抗网络

利用深度卷积神经网络智能化地提取遥感图像中的建筑物对于数字城市构建、灾害侦查、土地管理等具有重要意义。多时相遥感图像之间的色彩差异会导致建筑物语义分割模型泛化能力下降。针对此,本文提出了注意力引导的色彩一致生成对抗网络（attention-guided color consistency adversarial network,ACGAN）。该算法以参考色彩风格图像及相同区域、不同时相的待纠正图像作为训练集,采用加入了U型注意力机制的循环一致生成对抗网络训练得到色彩一致模型。在预测阶段,该模型将待纠正图像的色调转换为参考色彩风格图像的色调,这一阶段基于深度学习模型的推理能力,而不再需要相应的参考色彩风格图像。为了验证算法的有效性,首先,将本文算法与传统的图像处理算法及其他循环一致生成对抗网络做了对比试验。结果表明,ACGAN色彩一致后的图像与参考色彩风格图像的色调更加相似。其次,将以上不同的色彩一致性算法处理后的结果图像进行建筑物语义分割试验,证明本文方法更加有利于多时相遥感图像语义分割模型泛化能力的提升。     

Object-based crop classification using multi-temporal SPOT-5 imagery and textural features with a Random Forest classifier

In this study, an object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach was developed to classify field crops using multi-temporal SPOT-5 images with a random forest (RF) classifier. A wide range of features, including the spectral reflectance, vegetation indices (VIs), textural features based on the grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and textural features based on geostatistical semivariogram (GST) were extracted for classification, and their performance was evaluated with the RF variable importance measures. Results showed that the best segmentation quality was achieved using the SPOT image acquired in September, with a scale parameter of 40. The spectral reflectance and the GST had a stronger contribution to crop classification than the VIs and GLCM textures. A subset of 60 features was selected using the RF-based feature selection (FS) method, and in this subset, the near-infrared reflectance and the image acquired in August (jointing and heading stages) were found to be the best for crop classification.     

Automatic Feature Extraction Module for Change Detection in Al Ain,UAE: Analysis by Means of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Data

Monitoring new changes in cities adjacent to dynamic sand dunes requires precise classifier technique. Unlike traditional techniques of supervised classification which use training sites, the integration of image transformation tasseled cap and automatic feature extraction module based on spectral signatures has provided to be sensitive and realistic techniques with time and cost effective. The proposed module was applied to Al Ain district, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The module consists of four steps in terms of segmentation, thresholding and clustering and computing attributes. The obtained greenness and classified maps were then enhanced by applying a 3?×?3 Sobel filter. The new changes were detected by combining the multi-temporal greenness and classification maps. Accuracy assessment and quantitative analysis were performed using confusion matrix and ground truthing. The results showed significant increasing in urban and agricultural areas from the year from 1990 to 2000 compared with the period of time from the year 2000 to 2006. The image difference showed that the vegetation and building classes had increased 7.58 and 20.28 km² respectively. This study showed that image difference and fuzzy logic approach are the most sensitive techniques for detecting new changes in areas adjacent to dynamic sand dunes.     

Multi-temporal RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR for maize mapping supported by segmentations from high-resolution optical image

Due to its ability to penetrate the cloud, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been a great resource for crop mapping. Previous research has verified the applicability of SAR imagery in object-oriented crop classification, however, speckle noise limits the generation of optimal segmentation. This paper proposed an innovative SAR-based maize mapping method supported by optical image, Gaofen-1 PMS, based segmentation, named as parcel-based SAR classification assisted by optical imagery-based segmentation (os-PSC). Polarimetric decomposition was applied to extract polarimetric parameters from multi-temporal RADARSAT-2 data. One Gaofen-1 image was then used for parcel extraction, which was the basic unit for SAR image analysis. The final step was a multi-step classification for final maize mapping including: the potential maize mask extraction, pure/mixed maize parcel division and an integrated maize map production. Results showed that the overall accuracy of the os-PSC method was 89.1%, higher than those of pixel-level classification and SAR-based segmentation methods. The comparison between optical- and SAR-based segmentation demonstrated that optical-based segmentation would be better at representing maize field boundaries than the SAR-based segmentation. Moreover, the parcel- and pixel-level integrated classification will be suitable for many agricultural systems with small landownership where inter-cropping is common. Through integrating advantages of the SAR and optical data, os-PSC shows promising potentials for crop mapping.     

Mapping wetland using the object-based stacked generalization method based on multi-temporal optical and SAR data

Wetland ecosystems have experienced dramatic challenges in the past few decades due to natural and human factors. Wetland maps are essential for the conservation and management of terrestrial ecosystems. This study is to obtain an accurate wetland map using an object-based stacked generalization (Stacking) method on the basis of multi-temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. Firstly, the Robust Adaptive Spatial Temporal Fusion Model (RASTFM) is used to get time series Sentinel-2 NDVI, from which the vegetation phenology variables are derived by the threshold method. Subsequently, both vertical transmit-vertical receive (VV) and vertical transmit-horizontal receive (VH) polarization backscatters (σ0 VV, σ0 VH) are obtained using the time series Sentinel-1 images. Speckle noise inherent in SAR data, resulting in over-segmentation or under-segmentation, can affect image segmentation and degrade the accuracies of wetland classification. Therefore, we segment Sentinel-2 multispectral images to delineate meaningful objects in this study. Then, in order to reduce data redundancy and computation time, we analyze the optimal feature combination using the Sentinel-2 multispectral images, Sentinel-2 NDVI time series, phenological variables and other vegetation index derived from Sentinel-2 multispectral images, as well as time series Sentinel-1 backscatters at the object level. Finally, the stacked generalization algorithm is utilized to extract the wetland information based on the optimal feature combination in the Dongting Lake wetland. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the object-based stacked generalization method are 92.46% and 0.92, which are 3.88% and 0.04 higher than that using the pixel-based method. Moreover, the object-based stacked generalization algorithm is superior to single classifiers in classifying vegetation of high heterogeneity areas.     

面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像阴影提取方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像阴影提取的问题,通过分析影像主成分变换和HIS变换的特征,提出了一种面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像阴影提取方法:首先,使用mean shift分割方法进行影像去噪和平滑;然后,结合主成分变换和HIS变换形成了一种阴影检测指数(SDI);最后,通过阈值分割提取阴影信息。选取两景影像进行了阴影提取实验。实验结果表明,SDI能有效地区分阴影与建筑物、水体、蓝色地物、植被等非阴影地物;另外,mean shift分割能有效地去除结果中斑点噪声的影响,提高阴影检测精度。     

利用纹理融合与广义高斯模型的高分辨率SAR影像变化检测

为了充分利用高分辨率SAR影像的纹理特征,提出一种纹理信息融合与广义高斯模型相结合的SAR影像变化检测方法。通过灰度共生矩阵计算影像的纹理特征进而构造纹理差异影像,利用离散平稳小波变换,融合灰度差异影像和纹理差异影像。然后利用广义高斯模型进行统计建模,估计融合后差异影像上变化类和未变化类的概率分布,利用KI阈值准则获取最佳分割阈值,实现多时相SAR影像的非监督变化检测。选取两组TerraSAR-X数据进行实验,结果表明融合纹理信息与广义高斯模型的变化检测方法可行,其中融合逆差距纹理信息的检测性能最优。     

Envisat ASAR数据在沿海防护林提取中的应用

沿海防护林的建设与生态环境和经济发展密切相关。本文以福建省漳浦县沿海防护林地区为例,利用2005年多时相、多极化的ENVISATASAR(Environmental Satellite Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar)数据,分析了典型地物后向散射极化和时间特性。沿海防护林的后向散射随时间变化较小,VV极化能较好的体现沿海防护林的表面形态和特征,VH极化可以将水体和沿海防护林很好的区分开来,植被间的差异在HH极化中得到较好的反映。针对不同的极化组合情况,采用面向对象的方法提取沿海防护林信息,并对提取结果进行了对比分析,认为多极化的数据更有利于防护林信息的提取。     

Assessing intra-annual vegetation regrowth after fire using the pixel based regeneration index

Several remote sensing studies have discussed the potential of satellite imagery as an alternative for extensive field sampling to quantify fire-vegetation impact over large areas. Most studies depend on Landsat image availability with infrequent image acquisition dates and consequently are limited for assessing intra-annual fire-vegetation dynamics or comparing different fire plots and dates. The control pixel based regeneration index (pRI) derived from SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used in this study as an alternative to the traditional bi-temporal Landsat approach based on the normalized burn ratio (NBR). The major advantage of the pRI is the use of unburnt control plots which allow the expression of the intra-annual variation due to regeneration processes without external influences. In the comparison of Landsat and VGT data, (i) the inter-annual differences between the bi-temporal and control plot approach were contrasted and (ii) metrics of pRI were derived and compared with the inter-annual dynamics of both VGT and Landsat data. Results of these comparisons, demonstrate the overall similarity between NBR and NDVI data, stress the importance of the elimination of external influences (e.g., phenological variations), and emphasize the failure of including post-fire vegetation responses in bi-temporal Landsat assessments, especially in quickly recovering ecotypes with a strong annual phenological cycle such as savanna. This highlights the importance of using high frequency multi-temporal approaches to estimate fire-vegetation impact in temporally dynamic vegetation types.