基于MATLAB and Simulink的波浪能装置液压能量转换系统仿真研究

液压式能量转换系统是波浪能发电装置应用最为广泛的一种能量转换方式。本文针对波浪能液压能量转换系统展开了模型仿真研究,建立了带有蓄能稳压环节和液压自治控制器的波浪能装置液压能量转换系统的数学模型。基于所建立的数学模型搭建了波浪能装置液压转换系统的MATLAB and Simulink仿真框图,对系统进行仿真,并利用实海况实验得到的发电数据和仿真数据进行对比。结果显示,二者之间的相对误差较小,验证了该系统仿真模型的准确性。此外,还分别模拟了规则波和随机波输入情况下液压能量转换系统的发电特性曲线。仿真结果表明,无论是规则波还是随机波,经过液压能量转换系统之后,输出的发电特性都比较稳定,也即是利用该能量转换系统实现将不稳定的波浪能转换成稳定的电能,提高了发电质量,为后续的电力输送及并网提供了便利。     

液压蓄能波浪发电系统电力平稳输出技术研究

对于波浪发电系统而言,一个难以避免的难题就是如何把不稳定的波浪能转换成稳定输出的电能,文章阐述了一套液压蓄能波浪发电系统,该系统将液压传动和蓄能器蓄能巧妙地结合起来,实现电力的稳定输出,并通过实验对其稳定输出电力的能力进行了论证。该系统如果可以被应用到三沙市的群岛上,不仅可以充分利用海洋资源,而且可以加强南海诸岛建设,达到巩固边防造福于民的目的。     

多点液压式波浪能海水淡化系统建模与仿真

为缓解淡水资源短缺及化石能源过度使用问题,提出多点液压式波浪能海水淡化系统,该系统主要由采能装置、液压传递系统与反渗透膜海水淡化设备组成。系统的采能装置采用振荡浮子式,可将波浪能转换为浮子振荡从而被液压系统吸收达到采集波浪能的目的。为了提高液压式波浪能海水淡化系统的采能效率及淡水率,利用AMEsim软件对液压传递系统进行建模与仿真,分析了蓄能器、浮子个数及波高对液压传递系统输出响应的影响。结果表明:蓄能器能够使液压马达的输出响应更加稳定;当浮子的数量增加时,液压系统达到稳定的运行状态所需的时间更短,从而有利于提高系统的效率;波高在2 m左右时,本系统的产水量达到最大。     

点吸收式波浪能摩擦纳米发电系统输出性能的仿真研究

为了寻求低成本、结构简单、无污染、输出电压高的波浪能发电系统,本文提出了一种新型点吸收式波浪能摩擦纳米发电系统,该系统包括振荡浮子、具有纳米摩擦层的连杆套筒和固定在海底的支架。首先利用AQWA软件对该装置进行水动力仿真得出在波浪周期为5 s,不同波浪高度时浮子对应的振荡位移情况,然后进一步建立数学仿真模型,分析了垂直滑动摩擦纳米发电机的开路电压、转移电荷量、电流以及电容随位移和时间的关系,得到了外接不同负载时发电机的最大功率和最大功率对应的电压电流情况。通过数据分析发现:随着波浪高度和纳米摩擦层绝对摩擦位移的增加,电能输出稳定后的最优匹配电阻在109Ω左右,此时摩擦纳米发电机的发电性能最佳,对应波浪高度为0.5 m时最大发电功率为173.6 W。     

波浪能发电装置液压模拟测试技术研究

文中针对波浪能发电装置液压系统测试需要,介绍了液压系统测试平台的研制工作。该平台采用由电液伺服阀和比例压力阀组成的液压系统模拟波浪能发电装置在波浪作用下往复运动,实现测试液压系统工作性能。建立系统传递函数,分析了系统稳定性;通过计算仿真分析,其结果表明所设计的波浪能发电装置液压检测平台能够满足模拟波浪输入条件的要求。     

基于摩擦纳米发电机的波浪能发电技术研究进展

海洋波浪能具有储能巨大和能量密度高等优点,是最具有发展前景的海洋可再生资源之一。但是,传统波浪能发电技术往往存在维护成本高、结构笨重和转换效率低等缺点,使其应用范围受限。近年来,基于摩擦纳米发电机波浪能发电技术因成本低廉、结构简单和易制造等优点成为具有巨大潜力的新型发电技术。为促进利用摩擦纳米发电机对波浪能收集的技术研...     

基于介电弹性体的漂浮式振荡水柱发电分析

为解决海洋监测微型传感器供能问题,设计新型波浪能捕获装置,在海面振荡浮筒气室产生空气气柱,驱动介电弹性体形变发电为传感器供能。建立振荡浮子式气柱数值模型,研究新型振荡水柱发电计算理论。利用水动力仿真软件AQWA求解浮子所受波浪力作用振荡幅值、辐射阻尼和附加质量。基于Simulink软件分别计算波浪作用下浮子位移和气室内水柱位移,根据两者的位移差计算气室体积变化所产生的空气压强、介电弹性体发电薄膜形变量和系统输出电能,单次循环周期最大发电量达到24.6 mJ。分析波浪周期、发电薄膜几何参数等对输出电能的影响。     

多点半直驱式波浪能发电监控系统设计及实验数据分析

利用海洋波浪能发电已成为当今国内外专家研究的一个热点问题,其开发利用技术日趋成熟,并已取得一定的研究成果。在点吸收式波浪能转化研究的基础上,提出并设计了一种多点半直驱式波浪能发电系统,介绍了该波浪能发电系统的组成和基本原理,并以此搭建了实验室模型样机,为更好地反应模型样机的实时状态监控,选择相应的软硬件设施为样机配置监控系统,利用组态王软件编写了该系统的监控程序。为检验系统的发电效率和运行情况,以已经开发完成的仿真实验模型样机和监控系统为基础设计了3种实验方案,对实验数据进行了详细分析,通过实验验证了多点半直驱式波浪能发电系统的可行性,且能有效提高海洋能的收集利用效率,为系统的优化设计和实海况试验提供了理论依据与实验数据参考。     

点吸收式波浪能发电技术的研究现状与展望

通过分析波浪能利用背景,提出点吸收式波浪能发电技术是波浪能开发利用的一种重要方式。以安装位置、能量传递方式和振荡浮子个数对点吸收式波浪能发电装置进行了分类。结合研究现状,对各类点吸收波浪能收集、转化和传递方法及其应用的优缺点进行了综合比较和分析。结果表明:安装于离岸10~25 m处,以多个振荡浮子组成的浮子阵列为能量摄取机构,以液压或直线电机为能量传递方式是目前点吸收波浪能发电技术的研究热点,在波浪能利用领域具有广阔的发展前景。     

液压浮子式波浪能发电平台的SCADA系统设计研究

波浪能利用是近年来世界各国关注的热点问题,经过近30 a的不断研究开发,波浪能利用技术已取得重要进展。为使波浪能发电装置安全、可靠、经济运行,本文介绍了一种用于波浪能发电装置运行状态监控的SCADA系统,并针对液压浮子式波浪能发电平台进行了SCADA系统总体架构设计,详细分析了系统软、硬件组成,最后提出一种用于波浪能发电场管理的SCADA系统设计构想,为波浪能发电装置的现场监控及运行管理提供技术解决方案,使波浪能发电场得到统一管理和运营维护。     

基于潮流能直驱式海水淡化系统的建模与仿真

提出使用捕能系统捕获潮流能带动低压海水泵把低压海水转换为高压海水进行海水淡化,并对海水淡化过程中的浓海水进行能量回收。潮流能海水淡化关键在于提高效率和进入海水淡化系统时的海水压力的稳定。潮流能海水淡化系统采用直驱方式和能量回收系统提高了潮流能转换效率,而且系统中的高、低压蓄能器对海水淡化过程中海水压力起着稳定的作用。基于线性流体力学理论,推导出潮流能直驱式海水淡化系统的数学模型,模型考虑了水液压系统内部件的滑动摩擦力和泄露量。并对数学模型在系统压力、产水量和产水比能耗等方面进行仿真。仿真结果达到系统压力稳定、产水比能耗低。     

Research on energy conversion system of floating wave energy converter

A wave power device includes an energy harvesting system and a power take-off system. The power take-off system of a floating wave energy device is the key that converts wave energy into other forms. A set of hydraulic power take-off system, which suits for the floating wave energy devices, includes hydraulic system and power generation system. The hydraulic control system uses a special“self-hydraulic control system”to control hydraulic system to release or save energy under the maximum and the minimum pressures. The maximum pressure is enhanced to 23 MPa, the minimum to 9 MPa. Quite a few experiments show that the recent hydraulic system is evidently improved in efficiency and reliability than our previous one, that is expected to be great significant in the research and development of our prototype about wave energy conversion.     

Connection Technology of HPTO Type WECs and DC Nano Grid in Island

Wave energy fluctuating a great deal endangers the security of power grid especially micro grid in island. A DC nano grid supported by batteries is proposed to smooth the output power of wave energy converters (WECs). Thus, renewable energy converters connected to DC grid is a new subject. The characteristics of WECs are very important to the connection technology of HPTO type WECs and DC nano grid. Hydraulic power take-off system (HPTO) is the core unit of the largest category of WECs, with the functions of supplying suitable damping for a WEC to absorb wave energy, and converting captured wave energy to electricity. The HPTO is divided into a hydraulic energy storage system (HESS) and a hydraulic power generation system (HPGS). A primary numerical model for the HPGS is established in this paper. Three important basic characteristics of the HPGS are deduced, which reveal how the generator load determines the HPGS rotation rate. Therefore, the connector of HPTO type WEC and DC nano grid would be an uncontrollable rectifier with high reliability, also would be a controllable power converter with high efficiency, such as interleaved boost converter-IBC. The research shows that it is very flexible to connect to DC nano grid for WECs, but bypass resistance loads are indispensable for the security of WECs..     

Dynamic analysis of wave energy converter by incorporating the effect of hydraulic transmission lines

A heaving-buoy wave energy converter equipped with hydraulic power take-off is studied in this paper. This wave energy converter system is divided into five subsystems: a heaving buoy, hydraulic pump, pipelines, non-return check valves and a hydraulic motor combined with an electric generator. A dynamic model was developed by considering the interactions between the subsystems in a state space form. The transient pressures caused by starting/stopping the buoy or closing/opening the check valves were predicted numerically using the established model. The simulation results show that transmission line dynamics play a dominant role in the studied wave energy converter system. The length of the pipeline will not only affect the amplitude of the transient pressures but also affect the converted power. The variation of the time-averaged converted electric power with the pipeline length is estimated using the simulation method for the buoy exposed to one irregular sea state. Finally, it is suggested how reduced power efficiency due to the pipelines may be ameliorated.     

An energy conversion system based on deep-sea pressure

A novel seawater pressure energy conversion system that utilizes seawater pressure to generate electricity has been studied in this paper. The energy conversion system utilizes the pressure difference between the pressurized seawater and the empty pressure container to drive hydraulic motor and the coaxially coupled generator to generate electric power. The output electric energy is recorded by the data logger throughout the process. In the current study, technical analysis is performed with the emphasis on conversion efficiency between seawater pressure energy and output electric energy. The analysis is conducted at various pressure differences through the throttle valve so as to obtain maximum conversion efficiency. Research shows that the optimum pressure difference through the throttle valve and the maximum conversion efficiency can be theoretically calculated when the properties of the conversion system are given. Simulation results have demonstrated the influence of pressure difference on conversion efficiency. The test apparatus has been designed, built and tested in 2004. It successfully generated electric energy of approximately 0.85 kW h at the depth of 2400 m with empty pressure container's holding capacity of 200 L in the voyage “DY105-16” in South China Sea on June 12, 2004. The actual conversion efficiency from seawater pressure energy to electric energy reaches as high as 63.8% which is attractive for underwater equipments. The success of the experiment has tested the feasibility of utilizing seawater pressure energy and brings a new power supply way for long-term in-situ underwater equipments.     

柔性水囊潜堤消波特性的溃坝水槽试验研究

柔性水囊潜堤由橡胶制成，内部充水，具有结构简单、造价低廉等优点，能较好满足人工岛、跨海桥梁、海洋平台等基础设施建设工程对简单便携、拆装方便的临时防波堤的需求。为了探究柔性水囊潜堤的消波特性，在溃坝水槽内开展溃坝波与半圆柱形柔性水囊潜堤相互作用的试验研究，重点探究柔性水囊潜堤与溃坝波相互作用过程中水位变化特性，并与半圆柱刚性潜堤的性能进行比较；同时分析柔性水囊潜堤内部初始水压和浸没深度等参数对其消波性能的影响。结果表明：柔性水囊潜堤能够用作临时防波堤来衰减波浪；与半圆柱刚性潜堤相比，柔性水囊潜堤在降低溃坝波无量纲最大水位、提高消波性能方面更具优势；内部初始水压是影响柔性水囊潜堤消波性能的重要因素，适当降低内部初始水压，有利于增强柔性潜堤的变形程度，进而增加波能耗散，可获得更好的消波效果；而增加浸没深度即潜深，会使得柔性水囊潜堤对溃坝波的影响程度降低，消波效果减弱。     

Declutching control of a wave energy converter

When hydraulic power take off (PTO) is used to convert the mechanical energy of a wave energy converter (WEC) into a more useful form of energy, the PTO force needs to be controlled. Continuous controlled variation of the PTO force can be approximated by a set of discrete values. This can be implemented using either variable displacement pumps or several hydraulic cylinders or several high pressure accumulators with different pressure levels. This pseudo-continuous control could lead to a complex PTO with a lot of components. A simpler way for controlling this hydraulic PTO is declutching control, which consists in switching on and off alternatively the wave energy converter's PTO. This can be achieved practically using a simple by-pass valve. In this paper, the control law of the valve is determined by using the optimal command theory. It is shown that, theoretically when considering a wave activated body type of WEC, declutching control can lead to energy absorption performance at least equivalent to that of pseudo-continuous control. The method is then applied to the case of the SEAREV wave energy converter, and it is shown than declutching control can even lead to a higher energy absorption, both in regular and irregular waves.