试论阜平杂岩的深熔作用

阜平杂岩中广泛产出浅色脉体,从而显示强烈的混合岩化作用。前人把引起混合岩化作用的机制归因于岩汁交代、重熔或无水深熔作用,似乎与实际的岩相结构不是很一致。矿物自形晶、钠长石净边结构和一些典型的矿物转化反应表明,阜平杂岩的混合岩化作用实际上经历了复杂的过程,主要表现为有水条件下的深熔作用。所形成的熔体有较大的流动性,可迁移一定的距离而进入邻近的岩石,对这些部位而言相当于发生了外来熔体的注入活动,造成熔体注入式混合岩化作用,形成一些交代反应和结构。因此,阜平杂岩混合岩化作用中的变质反应过程既包括长英质矿物的熔融(溶解),还涉及一种含水矿物(如黑云母)转化形成另外一种含水矿物(如角闪石)的化学反应。阜平杂岩的混合岩化作用最重要的机制是水致熔融或含水深熔作用,溶解性重熔或无水深熔作用则较为次要。     

胶北地块变质基底超镁铁岩的矿物岩石地球化学特征

胶北地块变质基底的蛇纹岩、蛇纹岩化尖晶石方辉橄榄岩、尖晶石橄榄斜方辉石岩、角闪石岩自形成以后,经历了早期的高角闪岩相和晚期绿片岩相的变质作用,因而记录了三个阶段的矿物组合:早期的Opx1+Ol1+Spl1;中期的Opx2+Ol2+Spl2+Amp2和晚期的Amp3+Srp3+Mag3+Cal组合。超镁铁岩中普遍存在的角闪石,具有粒状变晶结构特征,形成于角闪岩相和绿片岩相的变质作用过程。蛇纹石没有受到应力作用的迹象,显示其形成于晚期非挤压环境的交代变质作用过程。尖晶石橄榄岩中斜方辉石的矿物化学以及尖晶石橄榄岩的高Mg O含量都表现出克拉通橄榄岩的性质。角闪石岩的稀土元素配分图解的(La/Sm)N的比值1.11~1.41,(La/Yb)N的比值0.91~1.61,超镁铁岩多元素图解显示无高场强元素异常,都表明胶北地块变质基底的超镁铁岩形成的构造背景或是裂谷环境。尖晶石矿物的Mg#0.72~0.79、Cr#0.06~0.12表明交代变质成因。方辉橄榄岩橄榄石的Fo值88.42~90.50、超镁铁质岩石全岩主元素的分散性、较大的∑REE含量变化以及Si/Al-(Mg+Fe)/Al和Mg/Ti-Fe/Ti主元素的比值图解所表现出的超镁铁岩与角闪石岩具有成因联系等,都表明胶北变质基底的超镁铁岩可能是具有堆晶成因的一套幔源岩浆系列。高MgO含量(16%~42%)表现出前寒武纪变质基底的橄榄岩地幔性质;高水含量反映出漫长地质历史时期变质作用过程。     

麻粒岩相变质作用与花岗岩成因-Ⅰ:变质泥质岩/杂砂岩高温-超高温变质相平衡

麻粒岩相岩石作为洞察下地壳的窗口一直备受重视。二十世纪九十年代以来麻粒岩研究的一个重要进展是利用变质相平衡的定量研究方法模拟岩石中所发生的深熔变质反应、熔体成分变化、及熔体丢失对变质矿物组合的影响等。本文利用KASH、NKASH和KFMASH等简单体系的相平衡关系,做出P-T投影图、组分共生图解和基于固定全岩成分的P-T视剖面图解,并结合有关实验岩石学结果,讨论了高温和超高温条件下变质泥质岩和杂砂岩中的变质熔融反应、矿物组合、全岩成分与P-T条件之间的相互关系。多数变质泥质岩和杂砂岩中饱和流体固相线熔融反应可利用NKASH体系中有水流体参与的熔融反应模拟,在没有外来流体注入时,这些反应可形成3mol%熔体。在不同体系中白云母脱水熔融反应型式及其P-T条件不同,如在NKASH和KFMASH体系中模拟计算的白云母脱水熔融反应与相应的实验结果相似,分别控制了白云母分解熔融的温度下限和上限;白云母的分解温度会随着其中Fe、Mg和Ti含量的增加而升高,也随着共生斜长石中钙长石组分增加而升高,泥质岩中白云母脱水熔融可以形成~10mol%熔体。在KFMASH体系中黑云母脱水熔融反应表现为4条单变反应,其理论计算的温度比实验模拟的结果低一些。在NCKFMASH体系或实际岩石中黑云母脱水熔融反应为滑动反应,如NCKFMASH体系中黑云母从其开始熔融到最后消失在泥质岩中可跨越~100℃,在杂砂岩中可跨越30~50℃。黑云母的稳定温度随着镁值升高而升高,其稳定上限受钛影响更大,黑云母脱水熔融可以形成超过30mol%~40mol%熔体。KFMASH体系中的相平衡模拟表明以出现斜方辉石+夕线石和假蓝宝石为特征的超高温组合易于出现于富镁泥质岩中,而对正常成分泥质岩在达到1000℃的超高温条件下,主要出现石榴石+夕线石(即夕线榴),该组合在更高温度反应形成假蓝宝石+尖晶石。利用饱和水固相线反应和白云母与黑云母分解反应可以更好地限定不同的变质相。如中压和低压条件下低角闪岩相和高角闪岩相的界限可利用NKASH体系中有水流体和白云母参与的熔融反应和亚固相线条件下的白云母分解反应限定;实验确定的泥质岩中黑云母开始熔融与消失的反应可分别用于限定高角闪岩相与(正常)麻粒岩相的界限,以及(正常)麻粒岩相和超高温麻粒岩相的界限。因此,从矿物组合角度,正常麻粒岩相可限定在黑云母开始熔融到完全消失的温度范围,超高温麻粒岩相可限定在黑云母消失(有石英存在)之后的温度范围。     

新疆黄山杂岩体矿物学特征及其意义

黄山杂岩体造岩矿物有橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石、角闪石和黑云母。其中斜方辉石的多色性不是由Fe~(2+)引起,而是由Ti~(4+)引起。单斜辉石结晶后常与岩浆继续发生化学反应,形成一种岩浆岩结构——角闪反应补丁结构。橄榄石中镍含量的亏损程度反映杂岩体曾经历过硫化物熔离作用。单斜辉石Si,Al~Ⅳ,Ti的变化表明杂岩体属于拉斑玄武岩系列。超镁铁岩中K,Ba,Th,Hf等元素反常的地球化学行为是由该岩石中黑云母矿物引起。     

西南天山东德沟异剥钙榴岩化斜长角闪岩中假蓝宝石和富铝尖晶石特征及其地质意义

西南天山昭苏县东德沟中异剥钙榴岩化斜长角闪岩中发现过铝质的假蓝宝石和富铝尖晶石,假蓝宝石的Al2O3含量在64.82％ ～ 66.36％之间,富铝尖晶石的Al2O3含量在65.24％～ 68.54％之间.根据含假蓝宝石和尖晶石的矿物组合和矿物反应结构,利用Theriak-Domino软件,对岩石的变质条件进行模拟,结果表明形成假蓝宝石的峰期温压为700～780℃,0.65～0.75 GPa,达到了麻粒岩相的变质条件,峰期变质反应为:角闪石(Am)+尖晶石(Spl)+钙长石(An)=绿泥石(Chl)+透辉石(Di)+假蓝宝石(Spr),岩石在异剥钙榴岩化之前经历了一次高温富Al(熔)流体的交代进变质作用.含假蓝宝石麻粒岩相变质作用的出现为西南天山俯冲上板片岩石复杂的变质作用过程又增添了新的内容,具有重要的地质意义.     

华北地台早前寒武纪变质岩系中角闪石的化学组分特征

本区角闪石包括所有的四个大类,共计27种。闪石的Ti,Al,Na+K等组分与变质温度、压力密切相关,这些组分可作为估测变质温度、压力的标志.而闪石的Fe,Ca等组分则主要受寄主岩石的控制。随变质程度减弱,闪石种类变化顺序为:浅闪石、镁绿钙闪石钙镁闪石镁角闪石阳起石。镁角闪石可作为划分高、中、低级变质作用的标志.钙镁闪石可作为区分麻粒岩和高级角闪岩相的指示矿物。     

长江河流沉积物磁铁矿化学组成及其物源示踪

运用电子探针分析了长江干流和主要支流河漫滩沉积物中磁铁矿的元素组成.磁铁矿中的FeO平均含量稍高于其标准组成,而Fe2O3平均含量则明显低于标准组成;Ti、Al、Cr、V、Mn、Mg、Co和Zn等元素在磁铁矿中含量变化大,不同支流的磁铁矿的元素组成不同,同一取样点不同样品磁铁矿的元素组成变化也较大.金沙江、湘江、汉江及长江干流磁铁矿与钛磁铁矿、钛尖晶石、钒钛磁铁矿和铬铁矿等出溶交生,TiO2、Cr2O3和V2O3等元素含量高且变化大.金沙江磁铁矿富Mg、Al和Cr;大渡河、雅砻江和岷江磁铁矿中微量元素含量大多低于0.5%;涪江、汉江磁铁矿富Ti和V,而湘江磁铁矿富Ti和Al;总体上,长江干流上游磁铁矿富Ti,而下游磁铁矿中Ti、Al、Cr、V、Mg和Mn含量低于0.15%.干流磁铁矿的元素组成变化反映主要支流源岩组成及对干流影响程度的差异.     

西南天山东德沟地幔楔环境异剥钙榴岩的形成过程

中国西南天山昭苏县东德沟地幔楔环境的斜长角闪岩与蛇纹岩接触带中发现了异剥钙榴岩.按异剥钙榴岩化程度,可将研究的岩石分为三种类型:斜长角闪岩、异剥钙榴岩化斜长角闪岩和异剥钙榴岩,它们的矿物组合分别为:角闪石+中长石+石英+榍石+磷灰石±次透辉石;角闪石+钙长石+透辉石+斜黝帘石+绿泥石±方解石;斜黝帘石+钙铝榴石+透辉石+绿泥石+方解石.异剥钙榴岩化岩石的矿物化学及主量元素特征反映出交代流体中富Ca、Al.与洋底变质环境和俯冲带中发生的异剥钙榴岩化作用相比,此处的异剥钙榴岩化岩石中的流体有限.质量平衡计算也表明斜长角闪岩在富Ca、Al流体的交代下形成异剥钙榴岩,这一过程中,早期有Mg元素加入,而晚期异剥钙榴岩形成时,Mg又大量流失.     

青龙山榴辉岩的退变质显微结构及相关的物质迁移——南苏鲁榴辉岩退变质过程中流体活动的证据

对南苏鲁青龙山榴辉岩的扫描电子显微镜及光学显微镜的详细观察表明，其峰期矿物组合为石榴石 绿辉石Ⅰ 蓝晶石 金红石( 柯石英)，基本无含水矿物，并被第二期矿物(或组合)逐步替代，形成后成合晶或冠状体假像，即：绿辉石Ⅰ→绿辉石Ⅱ 钠长石 铁氧化物后成合晶，金红石→金红石 钛铁矿，蓝晶石→钠云母。第二期矿物又被第三期矿物(组合)替代：绿辉石Ⅱ( 钠长石 铁氧化物)→角闪石( 斜长石 铁氧化物)，石榴石→韭闪石 铁氧化物。绿帘石与石英是最晚期流体沿微裂隙活动的产物。详细的矿物成分分析及成分迁移估算结果显示，早期后成合晶的形成过程产生多余的Fe、Mg、Na，但消耗部分Ca、Si。产生的Mg、Fe迁移到石榴石边部，引发石榴石内部的(Mg，Fe)／Ca交换，在石榴石颗粒中形成向边部Ca降低、Mg和Fe升高的成分环带。交代产生的Ca被后成合晶消耗，而后成合晶产生的Na被替代蓝晶石的钠云母消耗。在退变质作用晚期，更多流体进入榴辉岩，引发流体渗滤交代反应，无水的早期后成合晶被含水后成合晶(角闪石 斜长石 铁氧化物)替代，同时在石榴石边部形成角闪石 少量铁氧化物反应边。成分迁移估算显示，上述两个过程的成分变化具有一定程度的耦合性。矿物反应曲线、THERMOCALC计算确定的P-T轨迹显示，青龙山榴辉岩的退变质过程主要发生在高压条件(低地温梯度)下，明显不同于北苏鲁地区榴辉岩。这种热演化特点的差异暗示南北苏鲁超高压变质块体可能具有不同的回返历史。     

变质成矿的理论基础(续)

由热力变质作用和超变质作用引起的岩石中化学元素的迁移.区域热力变质作用和超变质作用能引起原岩中原生组分的重结晶,而超变质作用能引起原岩部分的或完全的重熔.低变质相特点是岩石的脱水和大部分自生矿物的重晶,同时,易溶元素,特别是金属产生很强的活动性.随着变质作用的增强,组成岩石的矿物被溶解,然后完全重结晶.在所有的带均能见到由变质分异所产生的矿化水流引起的交代现象.在这些作用的影响下,矿石物质大量迁移,导致造矿元素重新分配并富集.     

Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on the Protoliths of Serpentine‐Magnetite Ores in the Zhaoanzhuang Iron Deposit,Southern North China Craton

The uncommon Mg-rich and Ti-poor Zhaoanzhuang serpentine-magnetite ores within Taihua Group of the North China Craton(NCC) remain unclear whether the protolith was sourced from ultramafic rocks or chemical sedimentary sequences. Here we present integrated petrographic and geochemical studies to characterize the protoliths and to gain insights on the ore-forming processes. Iron ores mainly contain low-Ti magnetite(TiO_2 ~0.1 wt%) and serpentine(Mg#=92.42–96.55), as well as residual olivine(Fo=89–90), orthopyroxene(En=89–90) and hornblende. Magnetite in the iron ores shows lower Al, Sc, Ti, Cr, Zn relative to that from ultramafic Fe-Ti-V iron ores, but similar to that from metamorphic chemical sedimentary iron deposit. In addition, interstitial minerals of dolomite, calcite, apatite and anhydrite are intergrown with magnetite and serpentine, revealing they were metamorphic, but not magmatic or late hydrothermal minerals. Wall rocks principally contain magnesian silicates of olivine(Fo=83–87), orthopyroxene(En=82–86), humite(Mg#=82–84) and hornblende [XMg=0.87–0.96]. Dolomite, apatite and anhydrite together with minor magnetite, thorianite(Th-rich oxide) and monazite(LREE-rich phosphate) are often seen as relicts or inclusions within magnesian silicates in the wall rocks, revealing that they were primary or earlier metamorphic minerals than magnesian silicates. And olivine exists as subhedral interstitial texture between hornblende, which shows later formation of olivine than hornblende and does not conform with sequence of magmatic crystallization. All these mineralogical features thus bias towards their metamorphic, rather than magmatic origin. The dominant chemical components of the iron ores are SiO_2(4.77–25.23 wt%), Fe_2O_3 T(32.9–80.39 wt%) and MgO(5.72–27.17 wt%) and uniformly, those of the wall rocks are also SiO_2(16.34–48.72 wt%), Mg O(16.71–33.97 wt%) and Fe_2O_3 T(6.98–30.92 wt%). The striking high Fe-Mg-Si contents reveal that protolith of the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit was more likely to be chemical sedimentary rocks. The distinct high-Mg feature and presence of abundant anhydrite possibly indicate it primarily precipitated in a confined seawater basin under an evaporitic environment. Besides, higher contents of Al, Ti, P, Th, U, Pb, REE relative to other Precambrian iron-rich chemical precipitates(BIF) suggest some clastic terrestrial materials were probably input. As a result, we think the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit had experienced the initial Fe-Mg-Si marine precipitation, followed by further Mg enrichment through marine evaporated process, subsequent high-grade metamorphism and late-stage hydrothermal fluid modification.     

Magnetite-manganoan ilmenite transformation and its implications for magma mixing and migmatization in the Assam-Meghalaya Gneissic Complex,Northeast India

The migmatites of Chandrapur area near Guwahati, which forms a part of the Assam-Meghalaya Gneissic Complex (AMGC) in Northeast India, have preserved magnetite ocelli. Petrographic observations have revealed that magnetite crystals occurring in the ocellar rock are surrounded by partial to complete thin rims of biotite. Moreover, mineral chemical analyses, backscattered electron images, and quantitative elemental mapping have revealed that magnetite crystals occurring in the ocellar rock have been extensively replaced by manganoan ilmenite at the periphery. From field observations, textural, and mineral chemical analyses, it has been inferred that invasion of hot, volatile-bearing pegmatitic magmas into thermally rejuvenated basement gneisses of the AMGC during the late Pan-African tectonothermal episode (ca. 530–450 Ma) induced very restricted partial melting in the gneissic rocks producing neosomes. The newly formed neosomes were then infiltrated by the nearby pegmatitic melts leading to mixing between the two melts. The mixing event facilitated transformation of magnetite to manganoan ilmenite owing to diffusion of elements like Mn and Ti from the neosome to the pegmatitic domains. Moreover, formation of ilmenite released surplus Fe hosted in the magnetite that combined with in situ K and Al, and diffusing Mg from the neosome to form biotite crystals around magnetite. From this study, it can be concluded that magnetite-manganoan ilmenite transformation may be considered as one of the petrogenetic indicators to decipher magma mixing events.     

塔什库尔干地区赞坎铁矿矿物学特征与成因

赞坎铁矿石西昆仑成矿带近年来新发现的一处超大型铁矿床,矿区内广泛出露古元古代布伦阔勒变质岩层,矿体主要赋存于布伦阔勒岩群角闪斜长片岩和黑云石英片岩内部,部分产于霏细岩与黑云石英片岩接触带内。矿床由Ⅰ~Ⅶ号矿体组成,其中Ⅰ号和Ⅲ号矿体为主要矿体。根据矿石组构、矿物共生关系等特征,成矿过程可划分为早期沉积期、中期变质期及晚期岩浆热液期3个成矿期,其中,岩浆热液期可进一步划分为矽卡岩阶段、热液改造阶段和硫化物阶段。早期沉积期磁铁矿呈微细粒他形晶结构,被变质期石英颗粒包裹,以较低含量的TFeO、MgO、MnO和较高含量的TiO2、Al2O3为特征;中期变质期磁铁矿分布于条带状矿石内,他形晶粒状结构,与早期相比,TFeO、MgO、MnO等含量相对升高而TiO2、Al2O3等含量相对降低;晚期岩浆热液期矽卡岩阶段磁铁矿分布于块状矿石内,自形晶粒状结构,以相对富TFeO、MgO、MnO而贫TiO2、Al2O3为特征;晚期热液改造阶段磁铁矿分布于浸染状矿石中,半自形-自形粒状结构、交代残余结构为主,TFeO、Al2O3、TiO2、MnO等含量变化较大。认为赞坎铁矿是沉积变质型铁矿床,遭受后期岩浆热液作用交代改造。     

川西稻城岩体岩浆混合作用：矿物学特征的证据

义敦岛弧形成于晚三叠世大规模俯冲造山作用过程中,位于松潘甘孜地体和羌塘地体之间。稻城边部岩体是义敦岛弧带内规模巨大的复式花岗质岩体,由花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和钾长花岗岩组成。大量暗色镁铁质微粒包体发育于花岗闪长岩和钾长花岗岩中,且其与寄主岩石的接触界线明显。暗色镁铁质微粒包体具有细粒结构,发育石英眼构造、针状磷灰石和具环带结构的斜长石斑晶。文中以稻城岩体寄主岩石和暗色微粒包体中斜长石、黑云母和角闪石为研究对象,开展岩相学和电子探针原位化学成分分析,厘定了矿物形成的物理化学条件,探讨了岩浆混合作用过程及其形成的构造环境。研究表明：花岗闪长岩和暗色微粒包体中的斜长石主要为中长石,其核部呈浑圆状;前者核部的An值(21~50)显著高于幔部(21~34);后者则发育典型的突变环带,An值(29~44)呈波状变化且相对集中。暗色微粒包体与寄主花岗闪长岩中斜长石的An值部分重叠表明二者形成过程中存在含量的岩浆混合作用。斜长石环带中的An值随Al2O3、FeO、MgO和CaO含量的升高而升高,但随SiO2、Na2O和K2O含量的升高而降低。寄主岩石和暗色微粒包体中角闪石富镁铁,阳离子特征为：CaB=1.56~1.75,Ti=0.08~0.13,属于钙质角闪石,具壳源特征,其结晶温度分别为697~725 ℃和680~705 ℃。花岗闪长岩中黑云母的Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)为0.37~0.45,显示出富Fe贫Ca、Mg,属于典型的岩浆成因黑云母。黑云母TiO2含量变化范围为3.54%~4.62%,Al2O3含量变化范围为13.89%~15.15%;黑云母的氧化系数为0.08~0.11,Mg#为0.39~0.46,MF值为0.36~0.44,单位分子中阳离子数AlⅥ为0.03~0.11,以单位分子中Ti和Al阳离子数计算的黑云母结晶温度为584~624 ℃,表明其结晶温度较高,具壳幔混源特征。稻城岩体是以壳源为主的壳幔混源成因的I型花岗岩,暗色微粒包体是由镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆不同程度的混合作用形成的。     

内蒙古营盘湾-东五分子一带的色尔腾山岩群的厘定及地质意义

色尔腾山岩群是华北克拉通西部陆块阴山地块早前寒武纪变质基底的主要组成部分,对探讨华北克拉通早前寒武纪基底构造演化有着十分重要的意义。本文根据对营盘湾-东五分子一带的色尔腾山岩群的地质填图、剖面测量、地球化学分析和SHRIMP测年,对色尔腾山岩群的组成、原岩建造、形成环境和形成时代进行了讨论。认为色尔腾山岩群由陈三沟岩组、柳树沟岩组和东五分子岩组组成,陈三沟岩组由灰黑色细粒斜长角闪岩、浅灰色细粒黑云斜长片麻岩夹角闪斜长片麻岩组成;东五分子岩组下段由细粒含石英黑云斜长角闪岩、黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩呈韵律产出,顶部为灰白色细粒黑云斜长片麻岩夹薄层磁铁黑云斜长片麻岩,上段为由细粒黑云角闪片岩与浅肉红色黑云长英片麻岩互层,顶部有薄层白色透闪石大理岩;柳树沟岩组以角闪片岩、二云母片岩、二云石英片岩、石榴黑云片岩、黑云母片岩为特征。其原岩总体构成表现为:下部以火山岩为主,上部以碎屑沉积岩和化学沉积岩为主的火山-碎屑沉积建造。火山岩明显富碱,其中酸性火山岩明显富铝、贫镁;具有较高的大离子亲石元素含量、较低的Y和重稀土元素含量;具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的稀土分布形式。地球化学特征与埃达克岩类似,形成于活动大陆边缘的构造环境下。通过对东五分子岩组上部互层产出的细粒长英片麻岩和黑云母片岩分别取样,进行锆石U-Pb SHRIMP测年,分别获得1980±9Ma、1946±16Ma的成岩年龄和1901±15Ma、1893±66Ma的变质年龄。综上所述可以得出,色尔腾山岩群的形成于1.95~1.98Ga之间,是在类似埃达克岩的活动大陆边缘岛弧环境下沉积的,在1.9Ga左右发生碰撞造山而发生变质。     

Metamorphic differentiation at Einasleigh,Northern Queensland

Biotite‐muscovite‐garnet gneisses at Einasleigh contain quartz‐feldspar veins composed of the same minerals as found in the enclosing rock. The vein‐gneiss boundaries are commonly irregular and on a microscopic scale, gradational.

Certain amphibolite layers contain quartz‐feldspar veins composed of the same minerals as found in the amphibolite. Hornblende‐rich extraction zones surround these veins, and material balance calculations show that all or nearly all of the vein‐forming matter was locally derived. Variation in the abundance of hornblende and plagioclase in the amphibolite as a function of distance from a quartz‐feldspar vein can be expressed by error‐function curves, thus suggesting that the mineral‐segregation process was diffusion‐controlled. During the mineral rearrangement, the Na and Ca contents of plagioclase have evidently remained unchanged, but the vein hornblende has become slightly richer in Fe+3, Mg, and Ca, and poorer in Si and Al relative to hornblende in the adjacent amphibolite.

A certain biotite‐plagioclase rock forms layers and boudins in the gneisses and contains pegmatite veins composed of the same minerals as found in the host rock. The plagioclase in these veins is more sodic than that in the host rock while the biotite contains slightly more Ti and Fe+² and less Si and Mg than the biotite of the enclosing rock.

The data indicate that significant portions of the vein‐forming matter at Einasleigh were locally derived. The chemistry of some minerals has changed slightly during the segregation process, resulting possibly from different diffusion rates for the different mineral‐forming constituents.     

西藏日土县拉热拉新花岗岩体特征及构造环境

拉热拉新花岗岩体属于唐古拉-东达山花岗岩带西段羌塘花岗岩区的组成部分,岩石类型主要为黑云角闪闪长岩、黑云角闪石英闪长岩、黑云角闪石英二长岩、黑云花岗闪长岩、黑云二长花岗岩、黑云花岗岩。其地球化学特征表现为：富Si,K,贫Ti,Mg,Fe,Ca,铝饱和指数ACNK〈1．1,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图式呈右倾斜的“V”字型,LREE富集,HREE相对亏损,铕亏损。其形成时代为早白垩世,为多期次同碰撞的同熔型花岗岩。     

西昆仑塔什库尔干地区赞坎铁矿床磁铁矿元素地球化学特征及其对成矿的制约

赞坎铁矿床是塔什库尔干地区一个典型的沉积变质型铁矿,具有多阶段成矿的特征,是塔什库尔干地区铁矿成矿作用演化的典型代表。文章将赞坎铁矿床主要矿石矿物磁铁矿的形成划分为3个世代,分别为条带状磁铁矿、浸染状磁铁矿和粗晶脉状或块状磁铁矿,分别代表3个成矿阶段的产物。电子探针和LAICP-MS原位分析表明,赞坎铁矿从条带状磁铁矿到粗晶块状磁铁矿随着磁铁矿的成矿演化主量元素中Al元素有减少的趋势,而Ti、Mn、Mg、V元素均具有增加的趋势;微量元素中Co、Nb、Hf、Ta等具有减少的趋势,Sc、Ga、Zr、Sn等元素具有增加的趋势。根据以上各成矿阶段中磁铁矿成分变化,并结合前人的研究成果发现,赞坎铁矿早期条带状磁铁矿与火山沉积作用有关,成矿后期特别是在粗晶块状和脉状磁铁矿阶段受岩浆热液影响明显,富铁矿有岩浆热液的参与。     

冀北镇宁堡—赤城一带红旗营子杂岩变基性岩及其围岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究

红旗营子杂岩主要块体包括太古代火成岩(斜长角闪片麻岩、石英闪长岩-英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩),晚古元古代或古生代变基性岩(退变榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩),晚古生代变表壳岩(石榴角闪黑云斜长片麻岩和蛇纹石化大理岩)。本次研究的变基性岩(石榴斜长角闪岩)角闪岩相变质作用发生的时间为322.0Ma—317.3Ma,其围岩变表壳岩(石榴角闪黑云斜长片麻岩)沉积作用发生的时限可能为357Ma—350.9Ma,发生角闪岩相变质作用的时间为350.9Ma—343.5Ma。对红旗营子杂岩已报道的变质年龄进行汇总研究表明,存在显著的3个变质年龄区间:晚太古代2494Ma—2448Ma;晚古元古代1900Ma—1734 Ma(峰期为1824.6 Ma)和显生宙495 Ma—234Ma(峰期为323.7Ma)。其中,晚古元古代变质年龄和显生宙变质年龄的峰值最为显著,晚古元古代变质事件可能与华北克拉通东西陆块的相互碰撞及哥伦比亚超大陆的形成有关;显生宙变质事件,可能与古亚洲洋的开裂、俯冲、关闭及造山后的伸展有关。     

Mineral reactions participating in intragranular fracture propagation: implications for stress corrosion cracking

Two examples of mineral reactions accompanying intragranular fracturing of silicates are described from amphibolites at the Grenville front, Coniston, Ontario, and a granodiorite within the Miéville shear zone, Switzerland. At these localities coarse grained (> 1 mm) hornblende and biotite respectively have undergone initial deformation by intense transgranular fracturing. The ambient temperature of deformation is estimated at 400–500°C for the amphibolites, and 250–300°C for the granodiorite.Fracture intensity within hornblende increases with progressive deformation until fractures coalesce and grains lose cohesion. Fractures are occupied by hornblende in close optical continuity with the parent grain, and typically contain median sutures decorated by arrays of solid inclusions. Relative to the parent grain, hornblende in fractures is depleted in Ti, Al, plus K, and enriched in Mg. Given the preferential partitioning of Mg, Al^VI and Ti into the M2 site of calcic amphiboles, the decrease of Ti and Al^VI in the host-to-crack transition is consistent with the corresponding increase of the Mg/(Mg + Fe²⁺) ratio.Fractures within biotite are bounded by an envelope of paler brown biotite which corresponds to a decrease of Ti and increase of Fe + Mg relative to regions unaffected by cracking. Fractures are occupied by secondary ilmenite, low-Ti biotite and high-Ti muscovite. Ti and Al do not vary significantly as a function of Mg/(Fe + Mg) in the host-to-crack transition, as anticipated from the approximately equal partitioning of these two cations into the M1 and M2 octahedral cation sites. The direct relationship of the mineral reactions to the fractures is taken as evidence for the participation of the reactions in crack propagation. These features may thus represent examples of natural stress corrosion cracking.