新疆东昆仑鸭子泉蛇绿岩的基本特征及其大地构造意义

鸭子泉蛇绿岩位于新疆东昆仑祁漫塔格山系中部, 与阿尔金断裂平行产出, 由超基性岩、基性岩和拉斑玄武岩等组成。它侵位于早石炭世含放射虫的深海沉积物中, 可能代表了东昆仑祁漫塔格地区晚古生代的板块俯冲带。蛇绿岩可能来源于俯冲带附近的由小型扩张中心形成的次生洋壳, 之后由于消减作用, 侵位到深海沉积物中, 形成了造山带中的蛇绿岩。     

论造山带中超镁铁岩的成对分布

文中把俯冲-碰撞型造山带中出露的超镁铁岩分为蛇绿岩型和火山弧型两类,后者又细分为义敦型、阿拉斯加型及橄榄岩-闪长岩型等三个亚类。在同一造山带内,如果蛇绿岩与火山弧型超镁铁岩在空间上相伴分布,侵位的时间相近,则可共同组成一对超镁铁岩带。蛇绿岩代表封闭的洋盆残迹,而火山弧型岩体则来自过渡壳之下、消减带之上的地幔楔。文中还概述了造山带中成对超镁铁岩的分布、产出条件及其在造山带研究中的意义。     

新疆西准噶尔拉巴西蛇绿混杂岩带地质特征及其意义

新疆西准噶尔地区是古生代经过俯冲-增生形成的复合造山带。该地区分布有多条蛇绿岩带,其中的拉巴西蛇绿岩带是比较重要的一条,通过对该蛇绿混杂岩特征的研究,认为该区蛇绿岩尽管受到强烈的多期构造肢解,但根据岩石类型仍能恢复蛇绿岩的原始层序。本文重点讨论了拉巴西蛇绿混杂岩的地球化学特征,认为其形成时代为晚寒武世-中奥陶世,就位时...     

中亚造山带南缘蛇绿岩研究现状与展望

蛇绿岩与产于增生楔中的蛇绿岩碎片记录了大洋岩石圈形成、俯冲、消亡等造山作用的全过程信息;是解剖造山带与探讨造山作用的重要研究对象.本文重点阐述蛇绿岩的继承性构造（形成于大洋岩石圈形成阶段:洋?陆过渡带型（ocean-continental transition,简称OCT）、洋中脊型（快速扩张脊的Penrose型与慢速扩张的洋底核杂岩型）、supra-subduction-zone（SSZ）型三个基本端元）与造山就位构造（构造就位于造山带阶段:仰冲就位与俯冲刮铲）的特征、区别及其地质意义.强调蛇绿岩形成的“生而不同”与构造就位的“死也有别”;讨论了蛇绿岩两阶段的特征、时代的大地构造配置,呼吁关注蛇绿岩构造就位阶段俯冲流体的叠加作用,其可能导致最终就位在造山带中的蛇绿岩大部分都具有SSZ型特征.最后,结合中亚造山带南部主要蛇绿岩的特征,对未来中亚造山带蛇绿岩研究提出一些思考与展望;指出未来研究应注重对有限洋盆或小洋盆的厘定,关注OCT成因蛇绿岩的识别与研究,重视山弯构造与走滑断裂对蛇绿岩带现今产出的控制与改造作用.      

蛇绿岩及蛇绿岩构造侵位

已有研究实例阐明了蛇绿岩产出的构造环境及构造侵位机制的多样性,其中发育完整的蛇绿岩套具有与现代大洋岩石圈剖面相似的四层结构模式,它们形成于洋中脊扩张构造环境。由于构造运动使蛇绿岩套肢解,构造侵位于大陆造山带缝合线地带,沿断裂构造以构造岩片和构造昆杂岩产出。蛇绿岩提供了洋壳形成和破坏的重要证据,蛇绿岩带和古缝合线是确定造山带中古洋盆存在及陆块边界的直接标志。     

甘肃北山早古生代蛇绿岩带的特征及演化

板块构造学说问世以来,地质学有了突破性进展。现代大洋岩石与大陆蛇绿岩之间明显的相似性,使人们把蛇绿岩视为消失大洋在大陆造山带中的残留标志。笔者综合有关蛇绿岩的研究成果,在我国北山首次确定了早古生代的蛇绿岩带,并对其发展演化做了研究     

蛇绿岩及蛇绿岩构造侵位

已有研究实例阐明了蛇绿岩产出的构造环境及构造侵位机制的多样性 ,其中发育完整的蛇绿岩套具有与现代大洋岩石圈剖面相似的四层结构模式 ,它们形成于洋中脊扩张构造环境。由于构造运动使蛇绿岩套肢解 ,构造侵位于大陆造山带缝合线地带 ,沿断裂构造以构造岩片和构造混杂岩产出。蛇绿岩提供了洋壳形成和破坏的重要证据 ,蛇绿岩带或古缝合线是确定造山带中古洋盆存在及陆块边界的直接标志     

阿尔金—祁连—昆仑造山带早古生代构造格架及结晶岩年代学研究进展

阿尔金—祁连—昆仑(阿祁昆)造山带早古生代加里东期的构造事件一直是国内外研究的热点,近年来发表了大量的研究成果。本文着重调研了各造山带内构造混杂带的重要组成部分——蛇绿岩、岩浆岩和高压—超高压变质岩的地球化学特征,尤其是同位素年代学资料。蛇绿岩的地球化学特征表明阿尔金—祁连—昆仑地区早古生代的蛇绿岩有MORB和OIB两种类型,其产出于成熟的洋盆、小洋盆或是与消减带有关的弧前或弧后盆地,还有很大的争议。根据大量的同位素年代学资料,阿尔金—祁连—昆仑地区洋盆在晚新元古代开启,寒武纪发育成熟,于中—晚奥陶世开始发生俯冲消减作用,晚志留世—早泥盆世进入碰撞后伸展阶段。再者,通过同位素年代学数据对比,证明北阿尔金与北祁连、南阿尔金与柴达木北缘、西昆仑与东昆仑在早古生代分别为同一条构造带,于新生代期间被活动的阿尔金左行走滑断裂错开了400多千米。     

西藏班公湖蛇绿混杂岩带演化特征

蛇绿岩带是大陆造山带中残存的古大洋岩石圈和上地幔的残片,它记录了洋壳地幔的对流、变形、熔融以及交代过程;蛇绿混杂岩带是不同时代、不同大小、不同构造环境的沉积物及洋壳和上地幔的残片,经俯冲消减、碰撞后混杂堆积构成的无序组合带,它涵盖了洋盆形成、俯冲消亡、弧-弧或弧-陆碰撞到陆内汇聚的造山作用时空演化全过程.从班公湖蛇绿岩带内部结构、岩石学特征、地球化学特征等方面进行了详细的野外调查和研究,最后从地质构造、地球化学及区域对比3个方面,分析了班公湖蛇绿岩的形成环境.     

新疆西准噶尔地区古生代蛇绿岩成因模式

西准噶尔地区古生代蛇绿岩形成于中奥陶。中晚志留及中泥盆世。从南到北依次为唐巴勒蛇绿岩带、玛依勒山蛇绿岩带和达拉布特蛇绿岩带。在层序上这些蛇绿岩有着相似特征,从下向上由变质超基性岩、基性杂岩、中基性熔岩及上部复理石沉积组成。作者通过对各成岩期蛇绿岩岩石化学成分、稀土元素地球化学(分配型式、丰度演化等)特征的研究,结合区域地质特征,讨论了蛇绿岩的成因。     

北山造山带白云山蛇绿混杂岩的地球化学特征、时代及地质意义

白云山蛇绿混杂岩是北山造山带中红柳河-牛圈子-洗肠井蛇绿岩带的一部分,由蛇纹石化二辉橄榄岩、蛇纹岩、辉长岩(堆晶辉长岩、块状辉长岩)、基性枕状熔岩(变玄武岩)及深海-次深海远洋、半远洋相沉积物(硅质岩、板岩)、白云岩等组成。其中辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为496.4±2.2 Ma,指示蛇绿岩形成于晚寒武世;混杂带中玄武岩地球化学特征为洋底玄武岩,兼有洋岛碱性玄武岩(OIB)和洋脊玄武岩(MORB)的地球化学性质,枕状熔岩与硅质岩交互产出,指示其形成环境为深水洋盆。结合区域地质资料,推测该蛇绿混杂岩带为寒武纪洋中脊存在的遗迹。     

青藏高原中部阿索蛇绿岩岩石学与同位素年龄

阿索蛇绿岩位于尼玛县阿索乡西南,大地构造上归属于狮泉河-永珠-嘉黎蛇绿岩带中段。蛇绿岩以岩片形式混杂在晚侏罗世—早白垩世复理石中,岩石组合较齐全,由下至上为蛇纹岩、辉石岩、堆晶辉长岩、席状岩墙及火山熔岩,同时存在蛇绿岩上覆沉积岩系。辉长岩获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为117.5±0.5Ma,时代为早白垩世。狮泉河-永珠-嘉黎蛇绿岩带中的蛇绿岩形成于晚三叠世—早白垩世,主要分布在219~178Ma、165~149Ma和117~114Ma三个年龄段,代表了大洋演化的扩张、俯冲、弧后拉张3个阶段。     

藏北羌塘中部桃形湖早古生代蛇绿岩的岩石学特征

桃形湖早古生代蛇绿岩是龙木错－双湖板块缝合带近期的重要发现。通过对桃形湖蛇绿岩进行详细的野外地质调查和岩石学、年代学、地球化学的研究发现,桃形湖早古生代蛇绿岩各单元出露齐全,由下到上分别为变质橄榄岩、超基性堆晶杂岩、堆晶辉长岩、基性岩墙群和枕状玄武岩,在堆晶岩中有不同规模的斜长花岗岩（层）脉体。桃形湖堆晶辉长岩的时代为中奥陶世,并具有大洋中脊型的地球化学特点。桃形湖早古生代蛇绿岩的发现说明龙木错－双湖板块缝合带中存在完整的蛇绿岩组合,同时也是古特提斯洋早期裂解的重要证据。     

The origin and emplacement of the Lajishankou ophiolite complex in the South Qilian belt: evidences from geological mapping

Many ophiolite complexes like those of Oman and New Caledonia represent fragments of ancient oceanic crust and upper mantle generated at supra‐subduction zone environments and have been obducted onto the adjacent rifted continental margin together with the accretionary complexes and intra‐oceanic arcs. The Lajishan ophiolite complexes in the Qilian orogenic belt along the NE edge of the Tibet‐Qinghai Plateau are one of several ophiolites situated to the south of the Central Qilian block. Our geological mapping and petrological investigations suggest that the Lajishankou ophiolite complex consists of serpentinite, wehrlite, pyroxenite, gabbro, dolerite, and pillow and massive basalts that occur in a series of elongate fault‐bounded slices. An accretionary complex composed mainly of basalt, radiolarian chert, sandstone, mudstone, and mélange lies structurally beneath the ophiolite complex. The Lajishankou ophiolite complex and accretionary complex were emplaced onto the Qingshipo Formation of the Central Qilian block which shows features typical of turbidites deposited in a deep‐water environment of passive continental margin. Our geochemical and geochronological studies indicate that the mafic rocks in the Lajishankou ophiolite complex can be categorized into three distinct groups: massive island arc tholeiites, 509 Ma back‐arc dolerite dykes, and 491 Ma pillow basaltic and dolerite slices that are of seamount origin in a back‐arc basin. The ophiolite and accretionary complex constitute a Cambrian‐early Ordovician trench‐arc system within the South Qilian belt during the early Paleozoic southward subduction of the South Qilian Ocean prior to Early Ordovician obduction of this system onto the Central Qilian block.     

西昆仑山库地蛇绿岩的特征及其构造意义

库地蛇绿岩套由下部超镁铁质岩、辉长岩、幔源型花岗岩和上部基性火山岩、复理石等成分构成,形成于震旦纪-寒武纪。通过基性的辉长岩、玄武岩的矿物学、岩石学和地球化学研究得出,辉长岩表现出与典型蛇绿岩套中的堆晶辉长岩的特征相一致;而玄武岩则与大洋中脊玄武岩的特征一致,认为该蛇绿岩套是形成于洋中脊的蛇绿岩套。结合库地岛弧花岗岩的特征,提出塔里木盆地南缘在震旦纪-早古生代时期存在一个广阔的大洋,这一大洋在志留纪末期关闭。     

Complete preservation of ophiolite suite from south Andaman,India: A mineral-chemical perspective

Field studies supplemented by petrographic analyses clearly reveal complete preservation of ophiolite suite from Port Blair (11°39′N: 92°45′E) to Chiriyatapu (11°30′24″N: 92°42′30″E) stretch of South Andaman. The ophiolite suite reveals serpentinite at the base which is overlain unconformably by cumulate ultramafic-mafic members with discernible cumulus texture and igneous layering. Basaltic dykes are found to cut across the cumulate ultramafic-mafic members. The succession is capped by well exposed pillow basalts interlayered with arkosic sediments. Olivine from the basal serpentinite unit are highly magnesian (Fo_80.1–86.2). All clinopyroxene analyses from cumulate pyroxenite, cumulate gabbro and basaltic dyke are discriminated to be ‘Quad’ and are uniformly restricted to the diopside field. Composition of plagioclase in different lithomembers is systematically varying from calcic to sodic endmembers progressively from cumulate pyroxenite to pillow basalt through cumulate gabbro and basaltic dyke. Plagioclase phenocrysts from basaltic dyke are found to be distinctly zoned (An_60.7-An_35.3) whereas groundmass plagioclase are relatively sodic (An₃₃-An_23.5). Deduced thermobarometric data from different lithomembers clearly correspond to the observed preservation of complete ophiolite suite.     

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗迪彦庙蛇绿岩的识别

新识别出的内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗迪彦庙蛇绿岩位于中朝古板块与西伯利亚古板块之间的兴蒙造山带中部。通过对迪彦庙蛇绿岩进行详细的野外地质调查和岩石学、岩石地球化学的研究,发现迪彦庙蛇绿岩由孬来可吐和白音布拉格两个蛇绿岩带组成,各带宽约3km,延伸约30km,蛇绿岩各单元出露齐全。岩性由下到上主要为蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩、层状-块状辉长岩、斜长岩、细碧岩、枕状玄武岩、角斑岩-石英角斑岩及硅质岩。蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩稀土配分模式具SSZ型蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩特征;枕状玄武岩具岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAT)特征;硅质岩的Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)比值显示大陆边缘沉积环境特征。     

青藏高原羌塘中部果干加年山二叠纪蛇绿岩岩石学和同位素定年

果干加年山二叠纪蛇绿岩是龙木错-双湖板块缝合带近期的新发现。通过详细的野外地质调查,查明了果干加年山地区二叠纪蛇绿岩出露规模较大,主要由堆晶辉长岩、基性岩墙群、玄武岩等组成。蛇绿岩辉长岩墙获得SIMS锆石年龄272.9Ma±1.8Ma,时代为早二叠世。果干加年山二叠纪蛇绿岩记录了二叠纪早期冈瓦纳大陆北缘发生了一次规模较大的构造事件,为探讨和建立古特提斯洋构造演化的时空模型提供了重要信息。     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Middle Proterozoic Aoyougou Ophiolite in the North Qilian Mountains,Northwestern China

The Aoyougou ophiolite lies in an early Palaeozoic orogenic belt of the western North Qilian Mountains, near the Aoyougou valley in Gansu Province, northwestern China. It consists of serpentinite, a cumulate sequence of gabbro and diorite, pillow and massive lavas, diabase and chert. Ages of 1840±2 Ma, 1783±2 Ma and 1784±2 Ma on three zircons from diabase, indicate an early Middle Proterozoic age. The diabases and basalts show light rare-earth element enrichment and have relatively high TiO2 contents, characteristic of ocean island basalts. All of the lavas have low MgO, Cr, Ni contents and Mg numbers indicating a more evolved character. They are believed to have been derived from a more mafic parental magma by fractionation of olivine, Cr-spinel and minor plagioclase. Based on the lava geochemistry and regional geology, the Aoyougou ophiolite was probably believed to have formed at a spreading centre in a small marginal basin. Subduction of the newly formed oceanic lithosphere in the Middle Proteroz     

Infant intra-oceanic arc magmatism due to initial subduction induced by oceanic plateau accretion: A case study of the Bangong Meso-Tethys,central Tibet,western China

The Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateaus are becoming conspicuous as giant units on the oceanic floor and have played important roles in both continental marginal orogenesis and Tethys oceanic evolution. In this study, we present mineralogical, geochronological, geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic data for basaltic lavas from the Namco ophiolite and a high-Mg pillow lava–dyke–gabbro association from the Pengco ophiolite in central Tibet. Zircon U–Pb and Ar–Ar dating reveals that the Namco lavas erupted at ∼181 Ma while the Pengco boninitic association formed at ∼164 Ma. The Namco lavas display nearly flat rare-earth element (REE) patterns with no Nb–Ta depletions as well as high ε_Nd values, characteristic of oceanic plateau lava. In contrast, the Pengco high-Mg rocks exhibit low REE concentrations below the normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB), ubiquitous Nb–Ta depletions and low ε_Nd values, and the dykes and gabbros are characterized by U-shape REE patterns, indicating that they could have derived from a depleted mantle source that was contaminated by sedimentary flux and marking a mid-Jurassic initial intra-oceanic arc magmatism erupted on the Early Jurassic Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau represented by the Namco ophiolite. Our Pengco boninitic rocks, along with the literature data, indicate a 167–160 Ma boninitic-like initial intra-oceanic arc within the Bangong Meso-Tethys, running from the Shiquanhe area to the Naqu area with a length of ∼1000 km, which was uniformly built on the Early Jurassic Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau. Our literature investigation also indicates a ∼175 Ma accretionary orogeny with distinct signature of the oceanic plateau involvements along the southern Qiangtang continental margin, which is manifested by regional metamorphic, magmatic and depositional records. We thus suggest that the accretion of the Early Jurassic Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau onto the southern Qiangtang continental margin resulted in the extensive orogeny along the continental margin, jammed the subduction zone at ∼175 Ma and induced intra-oceanic subduction initiation as well as the intra-oceanic infant arc magmatism in the Meso-Tethys at ∼164 Ma.