陕西大西沟重晶石菱铁矿——银硐子银铜铅多金属特大型矿？…

大西沟－银硐子银多金属矿床由同生断裂－热水流体－地球化学动力学的多重主和形成。矿床在区域上处于柞山镇Ｐｂ、Ａｓ、Ｃｕ地球化学省,ＮＷＷ向富Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｂａ、Ｐｂ、Ａｇ和ＮＷ向低Ｐｂ高Ｃｕ、Ａｓ及ＮＥ向富Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ的地球化学带３者交汇部位。矿床原生异常组合由西向东为Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、ＭｎＢａ→Ｃｕ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｂａ、Ｍｎ、→Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｂａ。成矿成晕具有热水同生沉积－交代→热水混合同生沉积→热     

陕西凤县八方山多金属矿床成矿成晕模式

方山多金属矿床产于中泥盆统星红铺组，古道岭组。指示元素有Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ｂ等，原生异常的轴向分带序列（从上到下）：Ｚｎ－Ｈｇ－Ｐｂ－Ａｇ－Ｃｕ１－Ｂａ－Ｓｒ－Ｓｂ－Ａｓ－Ｃｕ２、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ａｕ，具有明显多建造晕的特点。八方山多金属矿床是由海底喷流（汽）同生沉积－叠加、再造作用形成的。     

宜章界牌岭锡多金属矿床地球化学异常模式

界牌岭锡多金属矿床是一个与浅源重熔花岗岩有关的热液多金属隐伏矿床。研究表明：矿床自上至下具有Ｆ－Ｂｅ－Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ－Ｐｂ－Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ－Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、ＴＲ的矿化分带和细脉状－层状（似层状）－面状的矿体形态分带，成晕具有Ｈｇ、Ｂ、Ｂａ、Ｃｒ、Ａｓ离心半球状晕－Ｆ、Ｂｅ、Ｌｉ、Ｐｂ、Ａｇ同心环状上偏心晕－Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、同心环状下偏心晕－Ｎｂ、Ｇａ离心卫星晕的分布规律。据此，建立了本矿床“三环－帽壳式”地     

五台山—恒山绿岩带Au-Ag-Cu成矿作用地球化学特征

五台山—恒山绿岩带Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ矿床可分为二大类型：（１）再生型金银铜矿，产在包括岩浆岩在内的各类岩石断裂构造中，与岩浆期后热液有关；（２）变生型金银铜矿，产于各类变质岩中，具有层控特征（即绿岩型金矿）。在地球化学特征上，再生型矿床与变生型矿床相比，矿体及围岩中Ｍｏ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等成矿及伴生元素明显富集；Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ也明显富集，是后期岩浆热液作用的结果；Ｈｇ、Ｆ的明显富集则与后期构造活动有关；Ｚｎ／Ｃｄ比值较低，说明受到后期岩浆侵入影响；Ｔｈ／Ｕ比值低，可能指示富钙的酸性岩环境。再生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合为Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ、Ａｇ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｈｇ（Ｂｉ），再生型Ａｇ矿化的元素组合为Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ（Ｍｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｂｉ），变生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合较简单，只为Ａｕ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ或Ａｕ、Ｃｕ。上述地球化学特征不仅可以有效地区分矿化类型，而且可以作为地球化学找矿和评价的指标     

黄沙坪铅锌矿床银与金金属元素组合特征

本文分析了不同矿石中Ａｇ与Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｓ等元素的相关性，并根据银含量变化规律，银矿物组合特征，划分Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ）－Ａｇ－Ｓｎ－Ｓｂ和Ｃｕ（Ｍｏ）－Ａｇ－Ｔｅ－Ｂｉ两个不贩银的矿化组合。     

宜章界牌岭锡多金属矿床地球化学异常模式

界牌岭锡多金属矿床是一个与浅源重熔花岗岩有关的热液多金属隐伏矿床。研究表明：矿床自上至下具有Ｆ－Ｂｅ－Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ－Ｐｂ－Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ－Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、ＴＲ的矿化分带和细脉状－层状（似层状）－面状的矿体形态分带,成晕具有Ｈｇ、Ｂ、Ｂａ、Ｃｒ、Ａｓ离心半环状晕－Ｆ、Ｂｅ、Ｌｉ、Ｐｂ、Ａｇ同心环状上偏心晕－Ｓｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、同心环状下偏心晕－Ｎｂ、Ｇａ离心卫星晕的分布规律。据此,建立了本矿床“三环－帽壳式”地球化学异常模式。经模式识别,总结了不同剥蚀程度矿床（浅,中,深）异常评价的地质－地球化学指标。     

半宽金矿床微量元素的地球化学研究

半宽金矿床有两类矿石：石英－黄铁矿型和石英－多金属硫化物型。微量元素研究表明元素组合为Ｂｉ，Ｐｂ，Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｚｎ，Ｓｂ，Ｗ，Ｃｕ，Ａｓ，Ｍｏ。矿石中铅含量是区分黄铁矿型矿石和多金属硫化物矿石的重要指标。金矿化与Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ，ＣｕＰｂ，Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ值密切相关。     

浙东地区火山岩银矿成矿作用的研究

浙东火山岩型银矿床成矿作用与浙东地区火山岩浆活动演化有着密切的关系，认为具有高丰度值的火山岩浆是成矿物质来源，其矿东地质成因属浅成低温火山岩浆混合热液贵金属矿床。建立银矿床蚀变矿化模式：分为硅化带（Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｂａ）、富银带（Ａｇ、（Ａｕ）１Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｂ）和贱金属带（Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、（Ａｇ））三部分。     

南秦岭晚古生代海底喷气-沉积成矿系统

南秦岭显生宙喷气沉积成矿起始于晚志留世,泥盆纪是热水沉积成矿的主富集期,形成了以Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ为主的,伴生有Ｃｕ,Ａｇ,Ａｕ,Ｆｅ的矿床（体）和Ａｕ,Ｈｇ,Ｓｂ,Ａｓ等富集体,一般可划分出沉积和成岩两个阶段。之后发生了至少三个阶段的后生成矿作用,包括变质、改造、叠加成矿,以及局部的再造成矿。这一成矿系统有统一的物源和相似的金属组合,下伏沉积柱和基底提供了充足的Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ,Ａｕ,Ａｇ,Ｃｕ,Ｈｇ,Ｓｂ,Ａｓ以及Ｆｅ,Ｂａ等。成矿与该区地壳的构造盆地建造岩浆变质变形等演化相伴随,不同阶段与不同性质成矿流体的形成与贯穿造山前后的一系列热事件有密切成因联系,形成了这一金属硫化物成矿系统,并以主富集期和主要成矿形式给予命名     

烧锅营子金矿黄铁矿的化学成分标型特征

烧锅营子金矿床的黄铁矿形成于早，中，晚３期，是主要的矿石矿物和载金矿物，其中以中期黄铁矿为最主要的载金者。黄铁矿的化学成分为；ＴＦｅ４３．３４％－４５．５２％，Ｓ４６．５８％－４８．８６％，，与标准黄铁矿相比显示亏铁，亏硫特点，黄铁矿为含丰富的微量元素，有Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ａｓ，Ｓｂ，Ｂｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｗ，Ｍｏ，Ｓｅ等。其中Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｂｉ含量较高，而Ａｓ，Ｓｂ低，Ｓ     

古代与现代海底黑矿型块状硫化物矿床矿石地球化学比较研究

选择西南太平洋冲绳海槽现代海底烟囱硫化物矿床、日本小坂矿山上向黑矿（第三纪）和中国西南呷村黑矿型矿床（三叠纪）进行了矿石地球化学比较研究。黑矿型矿床矿石吨位－品位模式与其他火山成因块状硫化物（ＶＭＳ）矿床类似，矿田（２０－５０ｋｍ＾２）矿石吨位与单个喷气－沉积型（Ｓｅｄｅｘ）矿床相当，金属总量４－６Ｍｔ，为矿田范围内热液流体搬运的最大金属量。与洋脊环境ＶＭＳ矿床相比，岛弧裂谷环境产出的黑矿型矿床相     

Jusa and Barsuchi Log Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits from the Southern Urals of Russia: Devonian Analogs of the Kuroko Deposits of NE Honshu, Japan

Chemical analysis of 60 samples from the Jusa and Barsuchi Log volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry shows that, on average, the Jusa deposit is more enriched in the chalcophilic elements than the Barsuchi Log deposit, whereas the Barsuchi Log deposit is more enriched in the lithogenous elements and Te. In addition, the yellow ores in these deposits are more enriched on average in Cu, As and Mo and the black ores more enriched in Zn, Ga, Cd, Sb, Ba , Hg and Pb relative to each other. Both these deposits are similar in composition to the Kuroko deposits of NE Honshu and may be considered to be analogs of these deposits. The Kuroko deposits, however, contain much higher concentrations of As, Ag, Sb, Ba, Hg and lower contents of Te on average than the Jusa and Barsuchi Log deposits. Based on the higher contents of Te in the Barsuchi Log deposit compared to the Jusa deposit, as well as on textural considerations, it is concluded that the Barsuchi Log deposit is intermediate between the Urals- and Kuroko-type deposits, whereas the Jusa deposit is more analogous to the Kuroko-type deposits. Based on the compositional data presented here, the Jusa and Barsuchi Log deposits may be described as Zn-Pb-Cu-Ba deposits rather than as Zn-Cu-Ba deposits, as the Baimak-type deposits of the west Magnitogrosk zone have previously been described.     

火山热液型铅锌矿床岩石地球化学特征及预测指标

火山热液型铅锌矿床赋矿围岩、后期脉岩和蚀变岩石中成矿元素铅锌银含量高,矿体元素组合复杂,原生异常发育,并存在着原生分带现象。矿体前缘元素为I、Hg、As、Sb、B、Ba;近矿指示元素是Pb、Zn、Ag、Au、Cd、Mn、Cu;尾部或矿下指示元素为Cu、Mo、W、Sn。根据矿床指示元素的分布规律和原生晕的分带性,研制了判别矿床剥蚀程度和评价异常的地球化学指标,建立了该类矿床的地球化学找矿预测标志。     

Mineralogy and composition of Kuroko deposits from northeastern Honshu and their possible modern analogues from the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) Arc south of Japan: Implications for mode of formation

The Kuroko deposits of NE Honshu are a key type deposit for the study of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. However, these deposits have not been studied in detail since the early 1980's and knowledge of their mode of formation is now dated. In this study, we present the analysis of 12 samples of the Kuroko deposits, 12 samples of submarine hydrothermal minerals from the Sunrise deposit and 6 samples from Suiyo Seamount, both of which are located on the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) Arc, for 27 elements. For the Kuroko deposit, Cd>Sb>Ag>Pb>Hg>As>Zn>Cu are highly enriched, Au>Te>Bi>Ba>Mo are moderately enriched, In>Tl are somewhat enriched and Fe is not significantly enriched relative to the average continental crust. Within each of these deposits, a similar pattern of element associations is apparent: Zn–Pb with As, Sb, Cd, Ag, Hg, Tl and Au; Fe–Cu–Ba with As, Sb, Ag, Tl, Mo, Te and Au; Si–Ba with Ag and Au; CaSO₄. The enrichment of the chalcophilic elements in these deposits is consistent with hydrothermal leaching of these elements from the host rocks which are dominantly rhyolite–dacite in the case of the Kuroko deposits, rhyolite in the case of the Sunrise deposit and dacite–rhyolite in the case of the Suiyo Seamount deposit. However, this pattern of element enrichment is also similar to that observed in fumarolic gas condensates from andesitic volcanoes. This suggests that there may be a significant magmatic contribution to the composition of the hydrothermal fluids responsible for the formation of the Kuroko deposits, although it is not yet possible to quantify the relative contributions of these two sources of elements.The compositional data show that Sunrise and Suiyo Seamount deposits are much closer compositionally to the Kuroko deposits from NE Honshu than are the submarine hydrothermal deposits from the JADE site in the Okinawa Trough which contain, on average, significantly higher concentrations of Pb, Zn, Sb, As and Ag than each of these deposits. In spite of the greater similarity in tectonic setting of the Hokuroku Basin in which the Kuroko deposits formed to the Okinawa Trough (intracontinental rifted back-arc basin) compared to Myojin Knoll and Suiyo Seamount (active arc volcanoes), it appears that submarine hydrothermal deposits from Myojin Knoll and Suiyo Seamount are closer analogues of the Kuroko deposit than are those from the Okinawa Trough. The present data are consistent with the magmatic hydrothermal model for the formation of Kuroko-type deposits as formulated by Urabe and Marumo [Urabe, T., Marumo, K., 1991. A new model for Kuroko-type deposits of Japan. Episodes 14, 246–251].     

Mineralogy and composition of Kuroko deposits from northeastern Honshu and their possible modern analogues from the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) Arc south of Japan: Implications for mode of formation

The Kuroko deposits of NE Honshu are a key type deposit for the study of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. However, these deposits have not been studied in detail since the early 1980's and knowledge of their mode of formation is now dated. In this study, we present the analysis of 12 samples of the Kuroko deposits, 12 samples of submarine hydrothermal minerals from the Sunrise deposit and 6 samples from Suiyo Seamount, both of which are located on the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) Arc, for 27 elements. For the Kuroko deposit, Cd>Sb>Ag>Pb>Hg>As>Zn>Cu are highly enriched, Au>Te>Bi>Ba>Mo are moderately enriched, In>Tl are somewhat enriched and Fe is not significantly enriched relative to the average continental crust. Within each of these deposits, a similar pattern of element associations is apparent: Zn–Pb with As, Sb, Cd, Ag, Hg, Tl and Au; Fe–Cu–Ba with As, Sb, Ag, Tl, Mo, Te and Au; Si–Ba with Ag and Au; CaSO₄. The enrichment of the chalcophilic elements in these deposits is consistent with hydrothermal leaching of these elements from the host rocks which are dominantly rhyolite–dacite in the case of the Kuroko deposits, rhyolite in the case of the Sunrise deposit and dacite–rhyolite in the case of the Suiyo Seamount deposit. However, this pattern of element enrichment is also similar to that observed in fumarolic gas condensates from andesitic volcanoes. This suggests that there may be a significant magmatic contribution to the composition of the hydrothermal fluids responsible for the formation of the Kuroko deposits, although it is not yet possible to quantify the relative contributions of these two sources of elements.The compositional data show that Sunrise and Suiyo Seamount deposits are much closer compositionally to the Kuroko deposits from NE Honshu than are the submarine hydrothermal deposits from the JADE site in the Okinawa Trough which contain, on average, significantly higher concentrations of Pb, Zn, Sb, As and Ag than each of these deposits. In spite of the greater similarity in tectonic setting of the Hokuroku Basin in which the Kuroko deposits formed to the Okinawa Trough (intracontinental rifted back-arc basin) compared to Myojin Knoll and Suiyo Seamount (active arc volcanoes), it appears that submarine hydrothermal deposits from Myojin Knoll and Suiyo Seamount are closer analogues of the Kuroko deposit than are those from the Okinawa Trough. The present data are consistent with the magmatic hydrothermal model for the formation of Kuroko-type deposits as formulated by Urabe and Marumo [Urabe, T., Marumo, K., 1991. A new model for Kuroko-type deposits of Japan. Episodes 14, 246–251].     

Sedex型矿床成矿系统

系统总结了Ｓｅｄｅｘ型矿床产出的构造背景、地质环境、矿床地质地球化学特征、矿化流体来源及成矿模式等问题。结合某些最新研究成果,对该类型矿床的Ｐｂ、Ｓｉ、Ｂ同位素地球化学进行了综合研究,并以加拿大科迪勒拉地区页岩容矿的Ｚｎ Ｐｂ矿床、中国大厂锡多金属矿床及澳大利亚布罗肯希尔Ｐｂ Ｚｎ Ａｇ矿床为例,深入讨论了Ｐｂ、Ｓｉ、Ｂ的来源及其对矿床成因的指示意义。对产于不同地质环境下现代海底热液成矿系统的研究证明,有沉积物覆盖和无沉积物覆盖海底成矿热流体的化学组成及Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂ稳定同位素地球化学明显不同。前者富含与陆壳物质有关的金属组合及ＮＨ４,并富含放射成因Ｐｂ和Ｓｒ的组分,后者富含与洋壳玄武岩有关的金属组合,但特别贫ＮＨ４。这种不同与古代Ｓｅｄｅｘ型和塞浦路斯型矿床之间化学组成的差别十分相似,它意味着前者成矿物质主要来源于下伏陆壳岩石,并为其富含Ｂ,Ｂａ,Ａｇ,Ａｓ,Ｓｂ,Ｗ,Ｓｎ,Ｈｇ,Ｍｎ等元素提供了合理的解释。在此基础上,笔者指出,在特定地球化学背景下,上述那些元素也能形成独立的Ｓｅｄｅｘ型矿床,同时强调了注意寻找这种新型矿床的重要性     

招远大尹格庄金矿床微量元素特征及其意义

该文以山东招远大尹格庄金矿床中微量元素为研究对象,通过对矿床围岩、矿石等微量元素的研究,表明大尹格庄金矿围岩中微量元素以富含 Bi,Au,Pb,W,Ag,Sn 为特点,矿体和矿化体中元素组合为 Au,Ag,As,Sb,Hg,B, Cu,Zn,Bi,Mo,Mn,Co,Ni,W。在5个成矿阶段中,第二阶段与第三阶段微量元素的富集程度较明显,表现为 Au, Ag,As,Co,Bi,Cu,Pb,Zn 等的富集,成矿元素可分为2个分带序列,主成矿元素为 Au Ag Cu Pb Zn Bi 组合、头晕元素 As Sb Hg 组合和尾晕元素 Co Ni 组合。     

黄铁矿型铜多金属矿床地球化学元素组合及找矿评价标志

黄铁矿型铜多金属矿床是与海底火山喷发—沉积建造有关的火山岩矿床,矿化赋存于一套微量元素总体含量水平较高的海相中酸性细碧角斑岩系中。赋矿地层、岩性具有以Cu,Pb,Zn为主,伴生Sb,Ba,Ag,As,Bi,Hg,Cd等多元素的特征组合,这些元素在成矿区域上形成大范围的地球化学异常,其主体异常对应于矿田。矿区大比例尺的岩石地球化学测量显示,这些指示元素的清晰的原生异常相互交替叠置于矿床内矿化富集部位,水平分带不甚明显,而垂直分带清晰。具有不同指示意义的元素组合于矿化的不同部位聚集而出现的分带,是用于评价矿化剥蚀程度及其成矿远景的重要地球化学参量     

甘肃北山金、铜矿床红沙的植物地球化学特征及其找矿意义

北山地区植被属戈壁荒漠植被类型，主要植物群落为红沙，红沙中多数元素特别是成矿元素及其伴生元素的含量和变化系数矿区大于背景区，元素含量背景区呈对数正态分布，矿区呈偏对数正态或多峰分布，红沙中的元素组合分类背景区为Au,Cu,Pb,Zn,As,Sb,Mo,V,Mn和Ag,Sn,Sr,Ba及Ti,Cr,Co,Ni,金矿区为Au,Ag,As,Sb,Mo,Mn,Sr和Cu,Pb,Zn,Sn,Ba及Co,Ni,Ti,V,Cr,铜矿区为Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Au,Ag,Ba和As,Sb,Sn,Mn及Ti,V,Cr,Co,Ni,Sr，矿区红沙中浓集系数较大的元素多数在矿区岩石中的浓集系统亦较大，金，铜矿床红沙和岩石中的特征元素分别都有Au,Ag,Ag,Sb,Mo,(Mn)和Cu,Pb,(Ba,Ti,Cr)。在金，铜矿床（体上方分别发育有良好的Au和Cu的生物地球化学异常和元素组合及分带，根据红沙的地球化学特征能，判断金或铜矿种类型，并能对掩埋，隐伏金，铜矿床（体）进行定位预测。     

内蒙花敖包特Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床原生晕分带特征与深部矿体预测模型

花敖包特Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床构造上位于滨西太平洋成矿域内蒙古大兴安岭成矿带南段, 是一个近年来发现的与白垩纪早期构造岩浆活动有关的隐伏热液脉状矿床.研究表明: (1)矿体原生晕发育, 且分带明显.据其异常强度建立的元素横向分带顺序(从强到弱)为Cd→Pb→Zn→Ag→Sb→In→Hg→As→Cu→Sn→W→Mo→Bi, 排在序列前面的Cd、Pb、Zn、Sb、Ag等5种元素, 可作为远矿指示元素; 排在序列后端的As、Bi、Mo、W等4种元素, 可作为近矿指示元素.(2)根据Grigorian原生晕分带计算方法, 获得矿体原生晕轴向分带序列(自矿体头部至尾部)为Sb→Pb→Cd→Ag→Zn→Hg→Cu→In→As→Bi→Sn→Mo→W, 与Grigorian建立热液矿床标准分带基本一致.(3)构建深部矿体找矿模型, 其预测评价指标(Sb×Pb×Cd×Ag)_D/(As×Sn×Mo×W)_D在矿体头部为1.30、矿体中上部为0.35、矿体中下部为0.056、矿体尾部为0.005, 这表明该指标随深度的增加有规律地降低, 是预测深部矿体资源潜力的有效指标.