大杨树盆地嫩江组孢粉化石及其地质意义

大杨树盆地是松辽盆地外围重要的具有油气勘探潜力的中生代盆地.研究大杨树盆地嫩江组露头样品孢粉化石,建立雪松粉Cedripites—罗汉松粉Podocarpidites—雏囊粉Parcisporites组合.结果表明:大杨树盆地嫩江组建立的孢粉化石组合以三缝类孢子和双气囊类花粉为主,Schizaeoisporites属、Cyathidites属和被子植物花粉的质量分数较低,Classopollis属未见,组合特征与以往建立在松辽盆地的嫩江组孢粉组合明显不同.Lytharites、Pentapollenites、Callistopollenites、Consoliduspollenites、Retitricolpites和Borealipollis等具有时代意义的被子植物花粉化石的出现,明确大杨树盆地嫩江组的沉积时代为晚白垩世Campanian期.大杨树盆地嫩江组沉积时期古植被以松柏类、真蕨类和石松类为主,古气候环境属于湿润的亚热带.该结果对大杨树盆地地层及古气候研究具有指导意义,为盆地油气勘探提供基础地质支撑.     

河南省山西组孢粉组合特征及环境意义

笔者近年从事河南二叠系山西组地质工作，分析鉴定孢粉化石１４７３个。计６２个属，８９个种，６个近似种，６２个未定种，２个疑源类属。其中，三缝孢占５９．４％，单缝孢占３３．１％，花粉占４．７％，疑源类占２．８％。通过综合分析对比，笔者认为：山西组孢粉组合特征与国内、外同时代地层中的孢粉组合特征基本一致；孢粉的属、种变化与山西组所产动、植物化石有相关性，并进一步佐证了山西组煤层的成煤环境属滨海潮坪和三角洲分支流间湾环境。     

鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区二叠纪孢粉化石组合特征

通过对延长油矿延223井晚古生代孢粉组合研究以及古植被的恢复,探讨了该区晚古生代孢粉植物化石组合的地层学和古气候意义。根据孢粉化石主要属种的时代分布及其在各样品中百分含量的规律性变化,自下而上建立了3个孢粉组合:Gulisporites cochlearius-Laevigatosporites minimus组合、Sinulatisporites-Florinites组合和Lueckeisporites permianus-Platysaccus radialis组合。根据对划分孢粉组合的特征分析,通过与邻区及华北地区晚古生代孢粉组合的对比,探讨了孢粉组合的时代意义。通过孢粉组合,推测了相应时期的古植被类型,并与前人在相同地质时期所建立的大植物化石带进行了对比,分析了各地质时期植被的兴起、发展、繁盛以及衰退绝灭的历史过程,研究区二叠纪植物群属于典型的华夏植物群,反映了一种温暖潮湿的热带雨林气候,二叠纪晚期随着松柏类植物所占比例的增加,气候有变干旱的趋势。     

黔北务正道地区铝土矿基础地质与成矿作用研究进展

务正道地区铝土矿底板地层黄龙组类化石及铝土矿层大竹园组、梁山组的孢粉化石限定,大竹园组的时代为早二叠
世。大竹园组铝土矿的沉积环境为向北半封闭的海湾或海泛湖。铝土矿形成于低纬度热带气候条件下,气候具旱季、雨季之分,
盆地水体为弱酸性还原条件,陆地植物生态系统和盆地微生物生态系统对铝土矿的形成起了重要作用。铝土矿的主要物源为志
留系韩家店组和石炭系黄龙组双重物源。陆源区风化的铝质通过胶体作用搬运到盆地中形成铝土质岩。铝土矿层形成之后,又
经历了多期次暴露地表的风化淋滤。淋滤作用分别在渗流带和潜流带形成土状、半土状铝土矿和致密状铝土矿,盆地内部铝土岩
破碎和胶体凝聚分别形成碎屑状、豆鲕状铝土矿。风化过程中多数元素发生了不同程度的丢失,而SiO2 的流失程度明显大于
Al2O3,从而形成铝土矿矿层。因此,盆地的沉积体系和古地理控制了铝土矿矿系的分布范围和厚度,多期次的淋滤作用控制了铝
土矿的品质和矿层的厚度。      

松辽盆地西缘高力板断陷高D1井地层划分对比

以岩石组合特征、同位素测年及孢粉化石组合特征为依据,参考区域地层发育状况,对高力板断陷高D1井钻遇地层进行划分对比。结果表明:高D1井钻遇地层自下而上划分为晚二叠世林西组(2.911 5～2.749 0km)、早三叠世老龙头组(2.749 0～2.461 0km)、中侏罗世万宝组(2.461 0～2.191 0km)、晚侏罗世—早白垩世满克头鄂博组(2.191 0～1.206 0km)、早白垩世玛尼吐组(1.206 0km～330.0m)、早白垩世白音高老组(330.0～198.0m),以及第四系松散砂砾层(198.0～0m)。发育晚二叠世林西组和中侏罗世万宝组两套重要的生烃层系,为松辽盆地侏罗系及二叠系油气资源潜力调查与评价提供支撑。     

广西百色盆地第三系孢粉组合及时代

广西百色盆地第三系孢粉化石极为丰富。根据大量孢粉分析鉴定资料，共建立７个孢粉组合及６个亚组合，其时代分别代表早第三纪中－晚始新世、晚始新世、渐新世以及晚第三纪上新世。     

北山地区碎石山剖面菊石动物群的发现及其地质意义

北山地区碎石山剖面为一套碎屑岩为主的地层,前人认为地质时代属于早石炭世杜内期,划归绿条山组,其主要分布于
中蒙边界,呈带状近东西向展布。在碎石山剖面采获了丰富的、保存完好的菊石化石,共鉴定出11属16种(含未定种)。菊石以
棱菊石目中的腹菊石科最为丰富,就属而言,以Gastrioceras、Branneroceras 和Reticuloceras 为主,该菊石动物群可以与华北、华
南、西亚、东欧、北非和北美等地区对比,属于Gastrioceras-Branneroceras 带,所以将碎石山剖面的地层时代重新厘定为晚石炭世
滑石板期,岩石地层划归石板山组。说明杜内期的地层在碎石山地区并不存在。古亚洲洋闭合以后,在额济纳旗—银根地区伸展
背景下形成的最早沉积物为白山组和石板山组。白山组主要分布于北山西部,岩性主要为火山岩夹灰岩组合,盆地性质为裂谷盆
地;到滑石板期,盆地向东迁移,沉积形成石板山组,岩性以碎屑岩为主,火山岩不发育,盆地性质以裂陷盆地为主。      

青藏高原米林地区晚更新世晚期植被演替与环境变迁

位于青藏高原南部的米林地区在晚更新世晚期沉积了一套湖相沉积体系,为了探讨当时米林地区的古植被、古环境信
息,在米林机场实测了一条晚更新世晚期剖面。根据样品14C测年结果初步认定该剖面湖积物的底部年龄约40kaBP,顶部年龄
约12kaBP。根据孢粉分析研究把该剖面自下而上划分为4个孢粉组合带以及对应的4个植被发展演替阶段:①第一阶段(对应
孢粉组合带Ⅰ;36~28kaBP)为森林草甸植被类型;②第二阶段(对应孢粉组合带Ⅱ;28~23kaBP)为高山草原植被类型;③第三
阶段(对应孢粉组合带Ⅲ;23~18kaBP)为蒿草草原植被类型;④第四阶段(对应孢粉组合带Ⅳ;16~13kaBP)为荒漠草原植被类
型。在此基础上,初步推论青藏高原南部晚更新世晚期气候环境演化为:从40kaBP至全新世高原南部气候类型总体寒冷偏干旱
出现小型波动,与全球的冰期和间冰期吻合较好。      

甘肃北山地区下石炭统红柳园组四射珊瑚动物群及其地质意义

在北山地区下石炭统红柳园组中发现了丰富的的四射珊瑚,共计单体12属,17种;复体5属,7种,由下至上可划分为2
个生物组合:Siphonodendron-Thysanophylloides 组合和Yuanophyllum-Gangamophyllum 组合,确定其时代为早石炭世大塘期。
通过对北山地区珊瑚动物群与华南、欧洲以及北山地区内部不同小区的对比,认为黑鹰山小区(早古生代属哈萨克斯坦板块)和红
柳园小区(属塔里木板块)珊瑚动物群面貌基本相似,总体具有特提斯大区生物群的特征,但部分地区仍具有北方大区和特提斯大
区的混生特征,说明在早石炭世之前,哈萨克斯坦板块和塔里木板块之间生物未受明显的阻隔,也就是说两大板块已经拼合,北山
地区海水与特提斯海域沟通,古亚洲洋在北山地区可能已经闭合。      

山东唐口二叠纪孢粉组合特征

通过对唐口二叠纪孢粉组合的分析研究,建立了该区二叠纪3个孢粉组合带,①Densosporites(套环孢)-Crassispora(厚环孢)组合;②Gulisporites(匙唇三缝孢)-Sinulatisporites(曲环三缝孢)组合;③Anticapipollis(逆沟粉)-Macrotorispora(大一头沉孢)组合。这3个组合带分别反映太原组、山西组、下石盒子组及上石盒子组的孢粉组合面貌,其地质时代分属于早二叠世、中二叠世,晚二叠世早期。     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

Cloning, expressing, and hemolysis of tdh, trh and tlh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is one of the pathogenic vibrios endangering net-cage cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,Fennerpenaeus chinensis, and shellfish in coastal areas of China. Several types of hemolysins produced by Vp have been characterized as major virulence factors.They are thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH),TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). In this study, we cloned tdh, trh, and tlh genes from the genome DNA of VP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).We ligated the three genes into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a (+),and transformed the recombinant plasmids into Es-cherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant proteins was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant proteins were expressed in a form of inclusion bodies and thus purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Western blotting results showed that recombinant proteins,TDH, TRH and TLH, could be recognized by rabbit anti-VP serum. The three purified proteins were renatured by gradient dialysis.The renatured proteins exhibited hemolytic activity except for TLH in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. These results not only are helpful for better understanding these genes’ functions under a single factor level, but also provide evidence for VP vaccine engineering.     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

贺兰山小松山基性-超基性杂岩体岩石地球化学特征

贺兰山小松山岩体的岩石地球化学研究表明，基性岩的Mg^#为0．71～0．76，接近原生岩浆的值，超基性岩的Mg^#为0．80～0．89，具有岩浆早期堆晶的特征，稀土总量∑REE为（13．03～82．66）×10^-6；δ（Eu）为1．08～1．61，具弱正异常；（La／Yb）N为2．49～5．24，（Ce／Yb）N为3．01～4．97，配分曲线表现为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型。微量元素配分曲线图表现为大离子亲石元素富集。岩石地球化学数据综合分析证明，该岩体产于板内拉张环境，岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆分离结晶作用，后期发生了同化混染，岩体具有寻找铬-铜-镍型岩浆矿床的潜力。     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

Estimation of Age,Growth and Maturation of Purpleback Flying Squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,in Bashi Channel,Central Pacific Ocean

The age, growth and maturation of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis were determined with statolith data collected with a light purse seine from the Bashi Channel of central Pacific Ocean. The estimated longevity of the squid was no more than 6 months for females, and no more than 5 months for males. Growth in mantle length(ML) was best described by logistic models for both females and males, while growth in body weight(BW) was best fitted by power curves. The maximum absolute growth rate(AGR) and instantaneous growth rate(IGR) in ML or BW both occurred at 91–105 days for females and 76–90 days for males. Back calculated hatching dates were from October to January, with a peak in December, although the short duration of sampling date might have had an influence on the result. The lower percentage of mature females(37.2%) suggested that the study area during the sampling date was not a spawning ground for the species. Size and age at first maturity were 183 mm ML and 136 days for females, whereas they were 156 mm ML and 85 days for males.     

Recruitment of postlarval prawns,Penaeus Orientalis,to a tidal estuary of Jiaozhou Bay,China

PostlarvalPenaeus orientalis kishinouye were simultaneously sampled at three fixed stations near the mouth of the Dagu River estuary in northwestern Jiaozhou Bay, China, at hourly intervals over a 49-h period in mid-June, 1984. The purpose of this sampling was to investigate the prawn’s recruitment into estuaries from coastal areas. The abundance of the postlarvae varied considerably between stations and time, but they tended to concentrate at the surface. Maximum entropy spectral analysis was first applied in the study of prawn recruitment and it revealed that variations in abundance involved a pronounced 12.4 hr cycle. It was concluded that natural tidal cycles had a strong influence on the changes of postlarval abundance, in contrast with the minor effects of diet and other environmental cycles. A tidally varying cross-river gradient of postlarval density was found. During flood tides the postlarvae were more abundant in the axis of the channel than over the banks. The opposite held true during ebb tides. Mechanisms of the postlarval recruitment are discussed in terms of alternating movements of the postlarvae between the banks and the channels in response to tidal cycles. Contribution No. 1485 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA

1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…