LED光谱对许氏平鲉视网膜形态的影响

光作为一个复杂的环境因子,对鱼类的存活、摄食、生长及视觉均产重要影响。为了探究LED光谱对许氏平鲉(Sebastods schlegelii)视网膜结构和视网膜各层细胞数目与厚度的影响,本文选取1 000尾许氏平鲉幼鱼(体质量为38.80±0.43 g、体长为10.20±0.17 cm)分别养殖在5种光谱下(蓝光(λ450 nm)、绿光(λ525 nm)、黄光(λ590 nm)、白光(λ460 nm)、红光(λ630 nm)),其中白光组为对照组,其余4组为处理组。经过为期60 d的处理后,分别对各组的视网膜进行取样观察。结果表明:不同的LED光谱对许氏平鲉的视网膜结构未产生影响,但各个光谱下视网膜细胞数目略有差别,在5种不同光谱条件下,在单位面积(100μm×100μm)内,蓝光组内网层细胞数量(24.33±2.08)显著低于白光组(P<0.05);红光组外核层细胞数量(33.33±3.51)显著低于除白光组外的其他各组(P<0.05),通过对比各个光谱下视网膜各层细胞数量可得,蓝光组与红光组数量最少,其他各层差异不大。综上所述,饲养于不同光谱处理组的许氏平鲉幼鱼的视网膜...     

LED光色对欧洲舌齿鲈幼鱼抗氧化能力和消化能力的影响

作者利用循环水养殖实验系统,研究了红、绿、白、黄、蓝5种光色对欧洲舌齿鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax)幼鱼抗氧化能力和消化能力的影响。结果表明,红光组的欧洲舌齿鲈幼鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力显著高于其他光色组(P0.05),而绿、白、黄和蓝光色组的SOD活力没有显著性差异;红光组的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著高于其他光色组(P0.05),绿、白光组与黄、蓝光组的GSH含量之间有显著性差异(P0.05);红光组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著高于其他光色组(P0.05),白光组的CAT活力显著低于其他光色组(P0.05)。黄光组的胃蛋白酶活力显著高于红、绿、白光组(P0.05),绿光组的胃蛋白酶活力显著低于其他光色组(P0.05);红、绿、蓝光组的淀粉酶活力要显著高于白、黄光组(P0.05),红、绿、蓝光组的淀粉酶活力没有显著性差异,黄、白光组的淀粉酶活力没有显著性差异;白光组纤维素酶活力显著高于其他光色组(P0.05),绿光组的纤维素酶活力显著高于红、蓝光组(P0.05),黄光组的纤维素酶活力和绿、红、蓝光组没有显著性差异。因此,欧洲舌齿鲈在红光下养殖,其体内的抗氧化能力强,能有效应对氧化应激,而在黄光或红光下养殖其消化能力更强。     

LED单色光谱及复合光谱对赤潮优势种中肋骨条藻生长的作用

以赤潮优势种中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)为研究对象,荧光灯和自制LED(light-emitting diode)控制灯为光源,研究不同LED单色光谱及复合光谱(蓝光,绿光,红光,白光,蓝红光,绿红光)对中肋骨条藻生长的作用。实验结果表明,在相同的光合有效量子通量密度条件下,对于单色光,中肋骨条藻在蓝光下生长较快,红光次之,在绿光下生长最慢;对于复合光,中肋骨条藻在荧光灯下生长最快,而在蓝红光下生长略高于在绿红光下生长。各光源下中肋骨条藻生长速率的顺序为:荧光灯>蓝红光LED>绿红光LED>蓝光LED>红光LED>绿光LED。通过比较在不同光照条件下中肋骨条藻的生长速率,表明不同光谱对中肋骨条藻生长的作用不同。     

光质对条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长和生理指标的影响

光质是影响藻类生长发育的重要因子。本文旨在研究栽培型条斑紫菜(Neopyropia yezoensis)自由丝状体在不同光质(白光、红光、蓝光、绿光)下生长率、形态、超微结构、色素含量及抗氧化酶活性的差异。结果显示:培养21 d后,白光显著提高条斑紫菜自由丝状体特定生长率和叶绿素a含量,其次是红光和绿光,蓝光最差。和白光组相比,蓝光组藻体藻红蛋白(PE)含量最高,红光、绿光组藻体藻蓝蛋白(PC)含量较高。白光组藻体正常黑褐色,细胞壁最厚。红、绿光组藻体绿色,直径和细胞壁厚度与白光组相近。蓝光组藻体鲜艳红色,直径最小,细胞壁最薄,且超微结构显示类囊体上质体小球数量最多。蓝光照射后,藻体丙二醛(MDA)含量最高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最低。研究表明,白光最有利于条斑紫菜自由丝状体生长,其次是红光和绿光,蓝光则有不利影响。     

环境光色对白条双锯鱼(Amphiprion frenatus)幼鱼生长和体色的影响

本试验研究了循环水养殖条件下白条双锯鱼(Amphiprion frenatus)幼鱼在不同光照环境中的生长状况和体色变化特点。设置白色、红色、黄色、蓝色、绿色五个光照试验组,每组三个重复,试验周期120d。结果表明,各试验组幼鱼存活率和特定生长率均无显著性差异(P0.05),增重率在红光组和绿光组间差异显著(P0.05)。试验鱼红光组红色皮肤胡萝卜素含量显著高于蓝光、黄光和绿光组(P0.05);白光组红皮中胡萝卜素含量显著高于蓝光组(P0.05);在眼、肝、肌肉和白色皮肤组织中胡萝卜素含量在各试验组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。白光组肝组织中酪氨酸酶活性活性显著高于红光组(P0.05);在眼、皮肤、肌肉组织中各试验组酪氨酸酶活性无显著性差异(P0.05)。研究表明,在循环水养殖条件下,白条双锯鱼在红光环境下体表类胡萝卜素含量增加,而酪氨酸酶活性减弱,有提高鱼体色泽鲜艳度的作用,此研究结果可为人工养殖海水观赏鱼的体色改善提供理论依据。     

光色对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长和能量收支的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了5种光色对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长和能量收支的影响。实验结果如下:1.不同光色下三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的生长存在一定差异。黄光下,蟹的特定生长率(SGRd)最高,显著高于白光和蓝光处理组(P0.05),而与红光和绿光处理组相比差异不明显(P0.05)。蓝光下,蟹的SGRd显著小于除白光外的其他处理组(P0.05)。2.不同光色下三疣梭子蟹的摄食存在一定差异。蓝光下,蟹的摄食率(FId)显著高于其他光照处理组(P0.05),但其食物转化效率(FCEd)显著低于其他处理组(P0.05);黄光下则呈现相反的趋势。3.不同光色下三疣梭子蟹的能量分配存在一定差异。黄光下,蟹用于生长的能量比例最高,显著高于红光外其他光色处理组(P0.05),其能量转化效率呈现相同的趋势;而蓝光下,蟹用于生长的能量比例最低,显著低于其他处理组,其能量转化效率呈相似趋势。结果表明,黄光下,三疣梭子蟹食物转化率高,用于生长的能量比例高,净生长效率和同化效率较高,因而获得较快的生长。在工厂化养殖生产中,黄光是有利于三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长的较佳光谱。     

三种放流方式对许氏平鲉分布模式的影响

由于海洋环境污染及过度捕捞造成渔业资源不断衰退,人工增殖放流已成为修复水生生物资源的重要途径。安全有效的放流方式对增殖放流实践的成功与否起着至关重要的作用。本文采用行为学方法,对体长(4.5±0.5)cm,体重(3.5±0.5)g的许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)在实验室水槽的行为特性进行观察,分别记录了在无礁(对照组)和有礁条件下,保护装置、滑道和直接放流三种方式对许氏平鲉分布模式的影响。实验发现,在保护装置放流方式下许氏平鲉在放流有效区的数量显著多于滑道和直接放流两种方式。有人工鱼礁时,许氏平鲉幼鱼在放流有效区的分布率明显高于对照组。实验结果表明,保护装置放流方式对许氏平鲉的应激性最小,结合人工鱼礁的生态效应,能够有效地提高增殖放流效果。     

固定气泡幕对许氏平鲉阻拦效果的研究

为探究固定气泡幕对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)的阻拦效果,设定气泡幕的孔距、孔径如下:当孔径为0.5mm时,设定孔距为1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0、10.0cm,当孔距为2.0cm时,设定孔径为0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5mm,研究了这9种类型的固定气泡幕对许氏平鲉的阻拦效果,并探究了许氏平鲉对孔距2.0cm、孔径0.5mm气泡幕的适应性。研究表明:上述各规格的气泡幕对许氏平鲉均有显著的阻拦效果(tt0.01)。在孔距实验中,孔距为1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0、10.0cm的气泡幕对许氏平鲉的平均阻拦率分别为71.43%、95.24%、92.98%、53.85%、80.14%,其中孔距2.0cm的气泡幕阻拦率最高。在孔径实验中,孔径为0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.5 mm的气泡幕对许氏平鲉的平均阻拦率分别为96.03%、95.24%、82.05%、100%、98.74%,其中孔径1.0mm的气泡幕阻拦率最高。在4h的适应性实验中,许氏平鲉对孔距2.0cm、孔径0.5mm的气泡幕表现出一定的适应性(FF_(0.05))。本研究结果可为我国海洋牧场中许氏平鲉鱼群控制技术提供参考。     

光照强度对许氏平鲉幼鱼的生长、体组分和能量收支的影响

采用实验生态学方法,在不同光照强度(0、100、500、1 000、2 000、4 000和6 000lx)条件下,研究了许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)幼鱼的生长、体组分和能量收支情况。结果表明,光照强度为1 000lx组的许氏平鲉幼鱼末体重最高,但与100、500和2 000lx组的末体重相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。各处理组的饲料转化率和能量转化率随光照强度的增强均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且峰值均出现在1 000lx组;而消化率的最高值却出现在0lx组(P<0.05)。除灰分含量外,各处理组的体组分和体能值均不受光照强度的影响(P>0.05)。本研究由许氏平鲉幼鱼的特定生长率(SGRw和SGRe)与光照强度(L)的回归方程得出其生长的最适光照强度范围为610～630lx。各处理组的能量收支方程表明,生长能和呼吸能主导许氏平鲉幼鱼的能量分配模式。     

正方体人工礁单位鱼礁的关键参数研究

实验室条件下,研究了正方体人工礁7个不同引入数量比例(0~60%)和人工礁摆放布局(每个数量比例设置10个布局)对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)聚集率的影响,确定了单位面积正方体人工礁的适宜投放数量和礁体摆放布局,得出单位鱼礁的适宜布设方案。在此基础上,探讨了大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和许氏平鲉的种类、密度和鱼体规格对聚集率的影响。研究显示,单体礁引入数量比例50%时,数量比例与许氏平鲉聚集率呈显著正相关线性关系,且摆放布局对许氏平鲉的聚集率有显著影响;单体礁引入数量比例为50%时,许氏平鲉的聚集率达到最大值(76%),显著高于0~40%处理组(P0.05),且当单体礁引入数量比例达到50%和60%时,礁体摆放布局对许氏平鲉聚集率的影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。在适宜布设方案条件下,种类和密度对试验鱼聚集率的影响均达到显著性水平(P0.05);鱼体规格对大泷六线鱼的聚集率无显著影响,对许氏平鲉的聚集率影响显著。结果表明,正方体人工礁单位鱼礁的适宜单体礁引入数量比例为50%,在该数量比例时,单体礁摆放布局对恋礁性鱼类的聚集效果无显著影响。     

Abundance, population structure and production of macro-invertebrate shredders in a Mediterranean brackish lagoon, Lake Ichkeul, Tunisia

Abundance, population structure and production of the macro-invertebrates belonging to the functional feeding group of the shredders were studied in the Ichkeul wetland, northern Tunisia, from July 1993 to April 1994. Mean above-ground macrophyte biomass was at a maximum in September followed by a complete breakdown of the Potamogeton pectinatus L. meadow from October onward due to high salinity following an exceptionally dry winter. Only the meadow of Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande at Tinja remained in place. Abundance of Gammarus aequicauda (Martynov 1931), Idotea chelipes (Pallas 1766) and Sphaeroma hookeri Leach 1814 was significantly related to the R. cirrhosa biomass. Gammarus aequicauda presented two recruitment periods in spring and autumn, and S. hookeri a third one in winter. The population of I. chelipes was renewed during winter by continued reproduction without any spring generation. Recruitment of all three species was not very successful during the study period. Life span of all three species was between 12 and 15 months. Despite their relatively low biomass and production rate, the shredders have a key function in processing macrophyte matter to different trophic levels through fragmentation and accelerating the decomposition of macrophyte biomass accumulated at the end of the growth season in the Ichkeul lagoon.     

经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用的回顾与展望

经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。     

一株单环刺螠致病弧菌的分离鉴定、生长特性研究及药敏分析

对患病的单环刺螠幼体3 000～4 000只/kg肠道内病原菌进行分离鉴定、生长特性研究及药敏分析,为人工养殖单环刺螠幼体过程中出现的疾病提供治疗依据。对患病幼体肠道内的病原菌进行分离纯化、生理生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列分析、人工回接感染试验、生长曲线测定、最适生长温度、pH、盐度的探究;采用K-B纸片扩散法对米诺环素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、头孢唑林、四环素中度敏感,对阿奇霉素、新霉素、万古霉素、利福平、红霉素、克林霉素、阿莫西林进行药敏试验;并对抑菌效果最好的药品进行安全性检测。分离纯化后经生理生化鉴定获得一种弧菌命名为菌株SX-1,16S rRNA基因序列分析极有可能为新喀里多尼亚弧菌(Vibrioneocaledonicus),人工回接感染试验表明SX-1是单环刺螠幼体从沙底钻出,活动能力减弱,体表变红症状的致病菌,生长特性研究表明其最适生长温度、pH、盐度分别为30℃, 6.0, 35;药敏试验结果表明, SX-1对氯霉素、羧苄西林、氧氟沙星、头孢曲松高度敏感,安全性检测实验表明,氧氟沙星抑菌治疗效果明显,并对单环刺螠无伤害。从单环刺螠肠道内分离获得了一种极有可能为新喀里多尼亚弧菌(Vibrio neocaledonicus)的致病菌SX-1。对于感染该种弧菌的单环刺螠,氧氟沙星抑菌治疗效果明显,并对单环刺螠无伤害。我们的实验结果对于预防并治疗人工养殖过程中单环刺螠患病提供理论依据和治疗模式,因而具有实际指导意义。     

Morphological and molecular evidence supports the first occurrence of two fishes,Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835)and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829)(Actinopterygii:Perciformes), from marine waters of Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal,India

Marine ecosystems provide a wide variety of diverse habitats that frequently promote migration and ecological adaptation. The extent to which the geographic distribution of marine organism has reshaped by human activities remains underappreciated. The limitations intrinsic to morphology-based identification systems have engendered an urgent need for reliable genetic methods that enable the unequivocal recognition of fish species,particularly those that are prone to overexploitation and/or market substitution. In the present study, however, an attempt has been taken to identify two locally adapted fish species, Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835) and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829) of order Perciformes, which happens to be the first record in Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal. The diagnostic characteristics of Siganus sutor are: dorsal fin XIII-10, anal fin VII-9, pectoral fin 15,pelvic fin II-3, while that of Seriolina nigrofasciata dorsal fin VI-I-35, anal fin I-17, pectoral fin 16, pelvic fin 5. All COI barcodes generated in this study were matched with reference sequences of expected species, according to morphological identification. Bayesian and likelihood phylogenetic trees were drawn based on DNA barcodes and all the specimens clustered in agreement with their taxonomic classification at the species level. The phylogeographic studies based on haplotype network and migration rates suggest that both the species were not panmitic and the high-frequency population distribution indicates successful migration. The result of this study provides an important validation of the use of DNA barcode sequences for monitoring species diversity and changes within a complex marine ecosystem.     

Temporal changes and spatial variation of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification rates in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy

The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. ¹⁵N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen.     

大黄鱼Lcnkl3基因的分子结构、表达特征及多肽片段抗菌活性

作为重要的免疫基因, NK-lysin参与了鱼类非特异性免疫系统对抗病原感染的免疫应答过程。在之前的研究中, 我们已经发现重要经济鱼类大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)体内存在2种类型的NK-lysin基因。在本文中我们报道了1种新型大黄鱼NK-lysin基因Lcnkl3, 并对基因序列、表达特征及其多肽片段的抗菌活性进行了分析。Lcnkl3基因的开放阅读框长度为435 bp, 编码144个氨基酸残基, 其多肽序列Lcnkl3中包含Saposin B结构域及6个高度保守的半胱氨酸残基。系统进化分析表明Lcnkl3与大黄鱼Lcnkl2最为相似, 与其他鱼类NK-lysin多肽则差异较大。Lcnkl3基因在未受感染的大黄鱼各组织中具有不同的基础表达量, 表达水平最高的组织为心脏。在病原诱导的免疫应答过程中, Lcnkl3基因在各组织不同感染阶段的表达模式存在差异。源于Lcnkl3成熟肽序列的多肽片段对不同细菌的抑制和杀灭效果差异显著。以上结果表明Lcnkl3属于大黄鱼NK-lysin基因家族, 并参与了大黄鱼对抗病原感染的免疫过程。     

牙鲆耐寒相关基因CIRP、HMGB1的克隆及表达特征分析

为鲆鲽鱼耐低温标记辅助育种研究和应用提供候选基因,并了解耐寒相关基因在低温下的表达图示,作者通过同源克隆以及5?/3?RACE的方法扩增得到了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)CIRP和HMGB1基因。组织表达谱分析显示,这两个基因在脑、鳃、心脏、肌肉、肝脏、肠等组织均有表达,但HMGB1基因在鳃中表达较弱。低温胁迫后,两基因随着胁迫时间的延长其表达量在肌肉中都出现先上升后下降的趋势:在0~12 h逐渐上升并达到最大值,然后下降恢复至最初水平。但在肝脏和脑组织中的变化趋势却不同,低温胁迫后0~2 h HMGB1基因在脑中的表达量上升至最高,然后下降至最初水平,在肝脏中变化不大。而CIRP基因在低温胁迫后0~2 h在肝脏中表达量处于上升趋势,然后下降至初始水平,在脑中变化不大。由此推测,这两个基因在低温条件下都参与了机体对外界的抵抗,特别是在抵抗外界寒冷的主要组织—肌肉中发挥作用,可能共同参与了机体的免疫反应,对低温胁迫环境下的鱼体进行保护,可以作为鱼类耐低温标记筛选的候选基因。     

Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa

The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm³)⁻¹] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m⁻²; 941 mg m⁻² and 196 mg m⁻² at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed.     

Morphological observation and rbcL gene sequences studies of two new species, Grateloupia dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao, sp. nov. and G. yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan, sp. nov. (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from China

A few species in the genus Grateloupia (Halymeniaceae,Rhodophyta) have been investigated in detail with respect to morphological observations and molecular analyses.In this study,the authors document the vegetative and reproductive structures of two new species of Grateloupia,G.dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao,sp.nov.and G.yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan,sp.nov.They both have the morphological character that carpogonial ampullae and auxiliary cell ampullae are the simple Grateloupia-type.The two species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by their distinctive morphological features respectively.Based on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene sequences,the phylogenetic tree obtained in the study indicated that they are both embedded within the Grateloupia clade.G.dalianensis clusters a subclade with G.asiatica,and G.yinggehaiensis forms a single monophyletic subclade with G.hawaiiana.     

湛江湾和平水母属2新种(软水母亚纲,锥螅水母目,和平水母科)

采自广东湛江湾海域软水母亚纲(Leptomedusae Claus,1877)、锥螅水母目(Conica Broch，1916)、和平水母科(Eirenidae Haeckel, 1879)、和平水母属(Eirene Eschscholtz，1829) 2新种，即大腺和平水母新种(E. macrogonia Huang, Sun et Liu，sp. nov.)和湛江和平水母新种(E. zhanjiangensis Huang, Zhang et Zao, sp. nov.)。其鉴别特征如下:(1)大腺和平水母，新种；伞扁于半球形，胶质中等厚；胃柄基部塔状，胃柄较长，伸出伞腔口外；垂管长度短于口唇，4个发达口唇边缘呈齿状皱褶；生殖腺发达波状弯曲，着生于辐管下伞部，从胃柄基部延伸到伞缘外；19～24条缘触手，5～8个缘疣，触手基部呈球状，无排泄乳突；每2条触手间或触手和缘疣间有1个平衡囊，每个平衡囊有1～2个平衡石；4条辐管，1条环管。(2)湛江和平水母，新种；伞半球形，胶质厚；胃柄基部呈塔形，末端变窄；垂管较长，约等于口唇长度，口唇边缘有齿状皱褶；生殖腺带状，从胃柄基部延伸至近伞缘；缘触手多，70～125条，触手基球有排泄乳突；平衡囊数目约为触手数的1/2；4条辐管，1条环管。